Heng stem cell te hi engte nge ni? (Stem Cells) I hre chiang ang u!

Kan taksa hi engtin nge a siam a, heng cell te hi kan lo puitlin hian engtin nge an insiam thar leh thin tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Kan taksa hi thilsiam mak tak a ni tak zet a ni. He thil siamna atana thil pawimawh tak chu vawiinah hian kan sawi tur stem cells te hi a ni a, a nih loh leh in hriat tawh angin ``Stem Cells`` tih te hi a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan heng stem cell te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, i taksa hi building lian tak a nih chuan heng stem cells te hi chu building lungphum ang mai an ni. Heng stem cells te hi kan taksaa cell chi khat awmchhun an ni a, hna bik thawk thei cell chi dang an siam thei bawk. Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksaah hian cell tluklehdingawn tam tak kan nei a, heng stem cell te hian specialized cell chi hrang hrang 200 chuang an siam thei a ni. Entirnan, thisen cell, ruh cell ang chi thil. Stem cell chi khat hian kan taksa pum pui a siam hmasa ber a. Tichuan, stem cell chi dang, maintenance team ang maiin kan taksa peng hrang hrang siamthat hna a thawk leh thin.

Engtin nge heng stem cell te hian hna an thawh?

Stem cell hian thil pahnih a ti a, chu chu cell dangin an tih theih loh a ni.

• A hmasa ber chu an inthen darh zel thei a, anmahni replica dik tak an siam thei bawk. Cell pangngai pawh an inthen darh a, mahse an dam chhung erawh a tlem hle. Mahse stem cells te hian an ti lo, an insiam thar zel thei.
• Thil pahnihna chu anmahni chauh hian specialized (differentiated) cell an siam thei a ni. Chu chu tissue pakhat a chhiat chuan a thlaktu tur cell thar an siam thei tihna a ni. Hei hi theihna pawimawh tak a ni. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:
• ``Hematopoietic stem cells'' ('he-ma-to-poy-ee-tik'' tia lam tur) an tih chi hian kan thisen cell (red cells, white cells) leh immune system cell siam turin a pui a ni.
• Basal stem cells hian kan vun cells te a pui thin , vun siam tharna leh hliam damna atan an mamawh a ni.
• Mesenchymal stem cells (‘me-sen-ky-mal’ tia lam tur) hian ruh, ruh, thau leh thau cell ang chi thil siamna kawngah a pui thin.

Engvangin nge heng stem cells te hi an pawimawh em em?

Stem cell hi kan taksa siam leh enkawl nan chauh a pawimawh lo. Chubakah, damdawi lam zirchianna atan pawh an pawimawh hle. Researcher-te chuan stem cells hi chhan pawimawh tak tak engemaw zat avangin an zirchiang a:

• Natna lo awm dan hrethiam rawh: Zirchiangtute chuan tissue leh organ hrang hrang atanga stem cell an tipung mek a. Hêng cell-te hi an lo ṭhan chhoh zêl a inthlâk danglam dân an en hian, zunthlum , thinlung natna , leh thluak lam harsatna ang chi natnate chu cellular level-a inṭan leh lo awm dân chungchâng hriatthiamna thuk zâwk an nei thei a ni.
• Cell chhia emaw, hrisel lo emaw thlak nan stem cell hman theih a nih leh nih loh hriatchhuah: Hei hi stem cell beiseina lian ber pakhat a ni. Researcher-te chuan stem cells hmanga cell chi hrang hranga inthliarna leh taksa peng pakhata chhiatna emaw natna emaw enkawl dan tur an zirchiang mek a ni. Ni khat chu, kang nasa tak vanga vun chhia thlak nan, ruhro hliam ṭhenkhat siam ṭhat nân, a nih loh leh Parkinson natna ang chi natna enkawl nân stem cells hman theih a ni ang tih han ngaihtuah teh.
• Damdawi thar leh enkawlna thar enchhin: Zirchiangtute chuan stem cell hmangin natna thenkhat tan damdawi tha zawk thei tur an zawng chhuak thin. Specially modified stem cells (entir nan, natna bik nei tura genetically modified cell) hmangin, clinical trial-a mi hnena pek hmain damdawi chu a thawk tha em, a him em tih leh side effect a nei em tih an hre thei a ni. Hei hian damdawi thar zawn hun leh senso a ti tlem thei bawk.

Stem cell chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Doctor-te chuan stem cells hi an source emaw, an hnathawh dan emaw a zirin an thliar hrang thin. Mahse mi tam zawk chuan source atanga classification hi an hre tawh ngei ang. A chi hrang hrangte hi han thlir ila:

• Embryonic (pluripotent) stem cells: Heng cell te hian cell chi hrang hrangah thiltihtheihna mak tak an nei a. Chu chu vun cell, thinlung cell, thluak cell, eng pawh tihna a ni! ‘Pluri’ tih awmzia chu ‘tam tak’ tihna a ni. ‘Potent’ tih hi Latin tawng atanga lo chhuak a ni a, a awmzia chu ‘ability’ tihna a ni. Medical zirchiangtute chuan heng embryonic stem cells te hi cord blood pek atang emaw, in vitro fertilization hmanga zirchianna atana pek embryo atang emaw an hmu thin.

Pawimawh: Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah heng embryonic stem cells khawlkhawm leh hman chungchangah hian ngaihdan hrang hrang leh ethical issue hrang hrang sawiho a ni. Chuvangin fimkhur tak leh dan khauh tak ang chauha hman an ni.

• Tissue-specific (multipotent emaw unipotent) stem cells: Heng cell te hian stem cell thar an siam thei bawk a, mahse an chenna tissue bik cell chauh an siam thei a, chu chu tlem an specialized zawk tihna a ni. Entirnan, i ruhroa thisen siamtu stem cells te hian thisen cell thar leh platelet thar a siam thei a ni. Mahse lung leh thin (liver)-ah stem cell thar an siam thei lo. Researcher te hian heng cell te hi puitling (pian hnua) tissue donate atanga an lak thin a ni.
• Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cell emaw iPSCs emaw) te chu:Hengte hi tunlai science-a thil hmuhchhuah mak tak tak thenkhat an ni. Hengte hi lab-a siam stem cells an ni. Puitling cell pangngai (vun cell ang chi) te chu an la a, genetically modify in embryonic stem cell ang maia awm turin an siam a, cell chi hrang hrangah an awm thei a ni. Heng ``(iPS)`` cells te hian embryonic stem cells hman avanga ethical issue tam tak lo chhuak chu pumpelh turin a pui a ni. Damdawi lam zirchiangtute chuan heng cell te hi tissue lo thanglian dan te, natnain tissue a nghawng dan te, damdawi leh enkawlna thar test nan te an hmang thin.

Engtin nge zirchiangtute hian heng stem cells te hi an thawhpui?

Hetiang kalphung hi puitling stem cell donated atanga tan a ni tlangpui. A nih loh leh, a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan induced pluripotent stem cells ang bawkin, cell pangngai nen. Tichuan, zirchiangtute chuan heng cell maktaduai tam tak hi lab-a nutrient medium bik pakhatah an tipung a ni. An thil tum ber chu heng initial cells te hi an duh ang specialized cells (e.g., heart muscle cells, nerve cells) ah siam a ni. Chumi atan chuan chemical signal hrang hrang leh growth factor hrang hrang an hmang thin.

Engtin nge doctor-te hian natna enkawl nan stem cell an hman?

Damdawi lam harsatna thenkhat enkawl nan Doctor-te chuan hlawhtling takin stem cell an hmang tawh a ni.

• Bone Marrow Transplant : Hei hi stem cell therapy hman lar ber leh hlawhtling ber a ni . Doctor-te chuan puitling stem cell hmangin bone marrow stem cell chhia emaw, a pangngai lo emaw chu an thlak thei a ni. Hengte hi natna hrang hrang enkawlna atan hman a ni a, chungte chu:
• Thisen cancer chi hrang hrang: Leukemia, multiple myeloma, leh non-Hodgkin lymphoma te. Heng natna vei te hian an ruhroa cancer cell awmte tihhlum nan chemotherapy sang tak emaw radiation therapy emaw an dawn hnuah stem cell transplant an mamawh fo thin.
• Thisen lama harsatna: Genetic natna, sickle cell anemia leh thalassemia te.
• Aplastic Anemia: Ruhro (bone marrow)-in thisen cell a siam chhuah tlem theihna dinhmun a ni.
• Ruh tliak leh cartilage chhiatna: Doctor-te chuan ruh tliak tihdam nan bone grafts an hmang \hin a, chu chu donated tissue leh thil dang atanga stem cell lak chhuah atanga siam a ni. Tin, stem cell injection hmanga khup ang chi ruh (joint)-a cartilage chhiatna awm leh awm loh zirchian mek a ni bawk.

Doctor-te hian embryonic stem cells an hmang ngai ang em?

Ni e, a châng chuan doctor-te chuan thisen lama harsatna, a bîk takin naupangte enkawlna atân cord blood donated aṭanga stem cell an hmang ṭhin. Cord thisenah hian embryonic stem cell ang deuh mahse specialized zawk stem cell a awm a. (Cord blood hi naute pian hnua umbilical cord leh placenta-a thisen awm reng a ni.) He enkawlna hi cord blood donated nena hman a ni a, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-in embryonic stem cell therapy a pawmpui awmchhun a ni.

Kan taksaah hian khawiah nge heng stem cells te hi an awm?

I taksa pum puiah stem cell i nei a, mahse tissue hrang hrangah chuan chu tissue atana stem cell bik a awm thung. I ruhro (hei hi a bulpui ber a ni), thluak, thisen kalna kawng, i vun hnuaia layer, ruh, thin, leh thinlungah te an awm ber a ni . Mahse, i upat deuh deuh chuan stem cells awm zat leh an hnathawh a tlahniam thei a ni.

Stem cells tibuaitu natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

I ruhro – ruh thenkhat chhunga tissue nêm, spongy ang maia awm – chu thisen cell (red cell, white cell) leh platelet lo ni ta stem cell siamna hmun a ni. Thisen sen (red blood cells) hian taksa pum puiah oxygen a phur a. Thisen var hian natna hrik a do thin. Platelets hian thisen chhuahna a control thin. Chuvangin, i ruhro (bone marrow) tichhe thei thil eng pawh hian heng thisen siamtu stem cells te hi direct-in a nghawng thei a ni. Stem cells tichhe thei dinhmun tlanglawn thenkhat chu:

• Aplastic thisen tlakchhamna (Aplastic Anemia) a ni
• Myeloproliferative disorders (hengte hi ruhroa cell-te insiam tam lutukna dinhmun a ni) .
• Lymphoma (lymphatic system cancer a ni a, mahse ruhro a nghawng thei bawk) .
• Leukemia (thisen cancer, ruhro chhunga stem cells atanga intan direct) .

Engtin nge ka stem cells te hi ka hrisel theih ang?

Stem cell hrisel siam leh enkawl dan tur finfiah a la awm lo a, an hnathawh hi a tam zawk chu genetic leh kum nena inzawm a nih avangin. Mahse, hriselna pum puia tih dan tha tak tak zawm hian kan cell zawng zawng, stem cell te pawh tiamin, indirect takin a hlawkpui thei a ni:

• Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh: Protein thau lo, thlai tam tak, thei chi hrang hrang, leh buh chi hrang hrang ei tur a ni. Antioxidant tamna ei tur (blueberries, strawberry, dark green vegetables) te hian cell te chu a chhiat loh nan a veng thei a ni.
• Meizial zu leh zuk leh hmuam hman hi pumpelh vek rawh: Zuk leh hmuam hi hmelma lian tak a ni a, cell a tichhe a, cancer hlauhawmna a tipung a, DNA a tichhe bawk.
• Zu i in a nih chuan a zat kha tihtlem la:American Cancer Society kaihhruaina danah chuan zu i in chuan mipain ni khatah vawi hnih aia tam in loh tur a ni a, hmeichhiain ni khatah vawi khat aia tam in tur a ni lo.
• I vun hi ultraviolet light lakah venghim la, ni atanga lo chhuak emaw, tanning bed atang emaw pawh nise: Ultraviolet light hian vun stem cells a tichhe thei bawk a, cancer a thlen thei bawk.
• Virus laka invenna tur vaccine chungchang hi doctor nen sawiho rawh. Viral infection thenkhat (e.g. hepatitis) hian hun rei tak chhung cell a tichhe thei a ni.
• I stress hi enkawl rawh: Hun rei tak stress hi taksa cell te tan a pawi hle. Exercise, meditation, leh relaxation ang chi thil hmangin stress i tihziaawm thei.
• Mut tawk rawh: Mut lai hian taksa cell te hian an insiamthat thin.

Ka stem cell count hi natural takin ka tipung thei ang em?

Vitamin thenkhat (vitamin D leh B12 ang chi) ei emaw, supplement thenkhat ei emaw hian stem cells hriselna a tichak emaw, stem cells a tipung emaw tih i chhiar tawh mai thei. Researcher te chuan vitamin thenkhat leh stem cell hriselna inzawmna hi an la zirchiang mek a ni. Mahse, vitamin ei ringawt emaw, ei tur bik ei emaw hian stem cell a tipung thei em tih erawh hriat chian a la ni lo. A tha ber chu ei leh in inthlau tak ei a, nunphung hrisel neih hi a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian kan tan chuan take-home message chu eng nge ni?

Okay, chuti a nih chuan kan sawi tawh atang chuan kan taksaah hian stem cells te hi eng ang taka mak leh pawimawh nge an nih tih a chiang hle. Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksaah hian cell tluklehdingawn tam tak a awm a. Chumi zingah chuan stem cell hi a bik a , a chhan chu anmahni copy siam thei leh cell chhia siam that thei cell chi khat chauh an nih vang a ni.

Doctor-te chuan stem cell therapy hmangin thisen cancer leh thisen lama harsatna te chu an enkawl tawh a, a chang chuan an tidam bawk. Damdawi lam zirchiangtute chuan heng stem cells te hian natna khirh tak dang tam tak (e.g., thinlung natna, zunthlum, Parkinson’s disease, paralysis) enkawl thei leh tihdam theihna an nei niin an ngai. Chuvangin he field-a zirchianna hi a kal zel a, chak takin a kal zel bawk.

Chuvangin, stem cells chungchangah hian hriatthiamna bulpui i neih ka beisei. Hetianga medical science kan hriat chian hian kan hriselna lam ngaihtuah belh turin min pui thin a ni lawm ni? A chhan chu, hriatna hi invenna tha ber a ni!