I thisen chu i thisen kalna kawng chhungah a inzawm fo em? (Blood Clotting Disorders) - Hei hi i fimkhur ang u!

Cut te tak te leh thisen tlem te i nei a, chutah chuan a mah chauhin a tawp tawh ngai em? Kan taksaah hian defense mechanism mak tak a ni. Thisen chhuah tihtawp nan kan taksa chhungah thisen zam (blood clot) a lo piang a. Hei hi thil pawimawh tak, thil pangngai tak a ni. Mahse, he thisen zam hi hliam tuar lovin, i taksa chhungah chauh, i thisen kalna kawng chhungah chauh lo awm ta se eng nge thleng ang tih han ngaihtuah teh . Chu chu thisen zam natna (blood clotting disorder) kan tih mai mai chu a ni a, damdawi lam tawngkam chuan `(Hypercoagulable State)` emaw `( Thrombophilia )` emaw kan ti mai mai a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, he thisen zam natna hi eng nge ni?

Hei hi i thisen chu a pangngai aia awlsam zawka a inzawm hun a ni. Kan thin ( clotting factors ) leh kan thisena platelet siam protein te an inzawm khawm hian thisen zam (blood clot) a lo awm thin. Hei hi hliam a awm huna thisen chhuah tihtawp nan a pawimawh hle. Mahse he process hi a active lutuk a nih chuan harsatna a ni thei.

Vein chhunga thisen zam duh loh lo awm chu ``thrombus'' emaw ``embolis'' emaw kan ti a.

Hetiang dinhmun hi a hlauhawm takzet em?

Ni e, hei hi enkawl loh chuan a hlauhawm thei hle. Hei hi kan taksa khawi hmunah pawh thisen zam a lo awm thei vang a ni. Thinlung atanga taksa peng dang panna thisen kalna artery -ah te leh taksa atanga thinlunga thisen phurtu vein-ah te an lo awm thei ber a ni.

Thisen zam (blood clots) a lo awm chuan thisen zam (veins) ah...

Vein-a thisen zam (blood clot) lo awm chu a chhuak thei a, thisen nen a kal dun thei a, harsatna lian tak pahnih a thlen thei a ni:

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Hei hi vein thuk takah thisen zam a lo awm a, a bik takin ke, pelvis, kut, thin, intestine emaw kidney-ah te thisen zam a lo awm a ni. Vanlawngah darkar tam tak i chuang tih han ngaihtuah teh. I ke chu hmun khata dah chuan thisen kal a tikhawtlai thei a, i ke vein pakhatah thisen zam a lo awm thei bawk. Hei hi DVT an ti a.
• Pulmonary Embolus: Hei hi emergency a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi kea thisen zam lo awm tawh, DVT ang chi chu a lo chhuak a, lung chhunga vein pakhatah a lo awm a ni. Hei hian nunna a tichhe thei a ni.

Arteries-ah thisen zam a lo awm a nih chuan...

Arteries chu kan thluak, thinlung leh ke peng hrang hranga oxygenated thisen pe chhuaktu thisen kalna kawngte a ni. Chung zinga pakhatah thisen zam a lo awm chuan chhiatna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

• Stroke: Thisen zam hian thluaka thisen petu artery a block chuan.
• Heart Attack: Thisen zam hian thinlunga thisen petu coronary artery a block chuan.
• Ke na tak leh kal harsat.
• A châng chuan kut emaw, ke emaw pawh lak chhuah a ngai mai thei.

Engtin nge he natna hi i vei tih i hriat theih ang? Eng nge a lan chhuah dan?

Taksa chhunga khawiah nge thisen zam a lo awm tawh tih ah hian natna lan chhuah dan a innghat a ni. Mi tin hian natna lan chhuah dan a inang lo thei.

Engvangin nge heng natnate hi a lo awm? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Thisen zam natna hi chi hnih ah then theih a ni a, chungte chu congenital (genetic) causes leh acquired causes te an ni.

He natna hi Doctor ten engtin nge an hriat chian?

Thisen zam i neih vang mai mai chuan genetic condition i nei tihna a ni lo va, chuvangin i doctor chuan i mimal leh chhungkaw medical history uluk takin a lo en ang.

A tlangpuiin, a hnuaia risk factors nei te hi chutiang test atan chuan refer an ni thin:

• Chhungkaw zingah hian hetiang thisen zam hi history nei an awm a nih chuan.
• Tlangval kum 50 hnuai lam chuan thisen zam a nei a nih chuan.
• Hmun danglam tak takah thisen zam a lo awm a nih chuan, chu chu kut, thin, emaw thluak emaw a ni.
• Chhan bik nei lovin thisen zam a lo awm a nih chuan.
• Thisen zam (recurrent blood clots) i neih chuan.
• Nau pai fo a nih chuan.
• Kum naupan lai atanga stroke i neih chuan.

Eng test nge tih thin?

I dinhmun tehna atan thisen test eng emaw zat neih a ni ang.

• PT-INR: Damdawi `Warfarin` i ei a nih chuan he test hi i thisen a zang chak zia enfiah nan tih a ni.
• aPTT: He test hi damdawi `Heparin` i ei a nih chuan thisen hian engtin nge a chhan tih hriat nan tih a ni.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Thisen chhiar kim vek a ni.
• Fibrinogen test a ni

Congenital conditions hriatchhuah nan genetic test bik an nei thin. Tin, protein level enfiah nan test an nei bawk a, chungte chu `Protein C`, `Protein S`, leh `Antithrombin` te an ni.

Engtin nge enkawl a nih?

A tam zawkah chuan vein chhunga thisen zam a lo awm chauhvin enkawl a ngai thin. Enkawlna tum ber chu thisen zam dang a lo awm loh nan leh thisen zam awmsa a lian zel loh nan a ni.

Chumi atan chuan thisen tihthianghlimna damdawi hman a ni. Damdawi lam hawi chuan hengte hi `Anticoagulants` kan ti a.

Damdawi hman ber berte:

• Aspirin a ni
• Warfarin (oral pill chi khat) 1.1.
• Heparin (damdawi inah thisen zam emaw vun hnuaiah emaw injection pek thin) .
• Low-molecular weight heparin (ni khatah vawi khat emaw vawi hnih emaw in lama vun hnuaia injection theih) .
• Fondaparinux (injection) hmanga tihdam theih a ni.
• Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) - hengte hi oral pill thar (e.g. Rivaroxaban, Apixaban) te an ni.

I doctor chuan eng damdawi nge i tan a tha ber, eng chen nge i ei tur tih leh eng ang follow -up monitoring nge mamawh tih a rel ang.

Warfarin ka ei hian ka ei leh in tur ka fimkhur a ngai em?

Awle. A bik takin vitamin K tamna ei tur hian Warfarin thatna a tichhe thei a ni. Chuvang chuan he damdawi hi i ei dawnin doctor-in ei leh in tur a pek ang kha zawm a pawimawh hle.

Vitamin K tamna ei tur thenkhat

• Brussels khawpuiah a awm a
• Antam
• Broccoli a ni

Hei hian heng ei tur te hi ei loh tur tihna a ni lo a, mahse nitin i ei zat inang reng a pawimawh. Hemi chungchang hi i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

Hetiang dinhmun hi i neih chuan engtin nge i in enkawl ang?

• Warfarin ang damdawi i ei a nih chuan hei hi ziakna medical identification bracelet bun hian emergency-ah enkawlna dik tak i dawng thei ang.
• Over-the-counter damdawi thenkhat, painkillers te hian he thisen tithianghlimtu nen hian an inzawm thei a ni. Chuvangin damdawi dang i ei hmain i doctor nen inbia ang che.
• Thisen test (PT-INR ang chi) neih fo thin ang che. I damdawi ei zat tur chu a result a zirin siamrem a ngai mai thei.
• Surgery i neih dawn emaw, naupai i tum emaw a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hriattir hmasa phawt ang che.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Thisen tithianghlimtu i ei hian thisen tlem a chhuak tam thei a, a nih loh leh hliam tenau i neih pawhin i hliam thei bawk. Hei hi thil pangngai a ni.

Amaherawhchu, i thisen chhuah dan danglam deuh emaw, thisen hmun lian tak tak i hmuh chuan doctor ko nghal tur a ni.

Tin, DVT symptoms (ke na, na) i neih nia i hriat chuan doctor rawn nghal rawh.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang?

Hetiang dinhmun nena nun hi a harsa thei hle. Mahse damdawi dik leh doctor thurawn dik tak nen chuan nun pangngai tak i hmang thei a ni. I doctor chu pui turin a awm reng a ni. Chuvângin, zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih apiang chu sawipui hreh suh.