I taksa peng tlemte chauh hian mi nunna zawng zawng a chhanhim thei tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Superhero thil ang mai a ni lawm ni? Chu chu bone marrow donation chu a ni. I hre tawh mai thei, movie-ah pawh i hmu tawh mai thei. Mahse mi tam tak chuan tlemin an hlau a, tlem chuan an chiang lo hle. Chuvangin vawiinah hian awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a, i hriatthiam theih tur angin.
A awlsam zawngin, bone marrow donation chu eng nge ni?
Bone marrow donation chu mi hrisel tak hnen atanga ruhro, chu chu stem cells atanga a then lak a, thisen lama harsatna nei mi hnena pek a ni. Hei hi ``bone marrow harvesting'' an ti bawk.
Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa ruh lian tak tak chhungah hian hip ruh leh sternum ang maiin sponge ang maia soft tissue a awm a. Chu chu ruhro (bone marrow) kan tih chu a ni. Hei hi kan taksa ‘thisen siamna factory’ a ni. Nunna atana i mamawh thisen sen, natna laka vengtu thisen var, thisen chhuah huna thisen tikhawlo tura puitu platelet, heng zawng zawng hi he ruhro chhunga cell chi khat mak tak siam a ni. Stem cell kan ti a .
Tunah chuan mi thenkhatin thisen cancer leukemia emaw aplastic anemia emaw an neih chuan an ‘thisen siamna factory’ chu a thawk tha tawh lo. Chutih lai chuan mi hrisel ruh atanga heng stem cell lakchhuah te hi chu damlo hnena pek a nih chuan chu cell te chu kal a, damlo ruhroah an awm a, thisen thar, hrisel tak an siam tan thin. Machine chhe tawh chu lakchhuah a, factory restart turin machine thar tak dah ang mai a ni.
A pawimawh ber chu ruhro pe tu hian he thil kalpui chhung hian natna a nei lo a, a chhan chu general anesthesia hmanga tih a nih vang a ni.
Engvangin nge mi thenkhat chuan ruhro (bone marrow transplant) an mamawh?
Kan sawi tawh ang khan he mamawhna hi mi ruhro (bone marrow) a thawk tha lo emaw, cell natna a siam chhuah emaw hian a lo awm thin. Kum tin mi sang tam takin ruhro (bone marrow transplant) hmanga tihdam theih tur natna an nei thin. Bone marrow transplant hi a hnuaia thil awmte tan hian tih a ni ber:
- Thisen a cancer lo awm (e.g. leukemia, lymphoma (non-Hodgkin lymphoma)) .
- Ruhro (bone marrow) hnathawh that lohna natna (e.g. aplastic anemia) .
- Thisen natna chi hrang hrang (e.g. thalassemia) .
- Immune system chak lohna a awm
Hetiang damlo tan chuan ruhro thar, hrisel tak dawng hi nunna pahnihna dawn ang a ni.
Harsatna lian ber: Mi dik tak zawn chhuah!
Hetah hian harsatna lian ber chu damlo tana fit tur dik tak zawn hi a ni.Bone marrow donor zawng chhuak. Engtin nge he match hi ka check ang?
Kan taksaa cell tin hian ‘identity card’ an nei vek ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Hei hi damdawi lam chuan HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) kan tih chu a ni. Hengte hi kan thisena protein chi khat bik a awm a ni. Tunah chuan mi pakhata ruhro (bone marrow) thlak tur chuan a petu leh a dawngtu identity card, a nih loh leh `HLA` chi hrang hrangte chu a theih ang anga inang vek tur a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, lock leh key ang mai an ni. He match hi a famkim a nih chauhvin taksain cell transplant tharte chu ‘ram dang hmelma’ anga hnawl lovin a pawm ang.
A vaiin mi 30% vel chuan anmahni chhungkuaa mi (unaupa emaw, unaunu emaw) hnen atangin ruhro donor matching an hmu thei a ni. Mahse a bak 70% te hian he nunna thilpek hi chhungkaw pawn lam mi, an hriat loh pawhin an dawn a ngai a ni. Chuvangin khawvel hmun hrang hrangah bone marrow donor registry hi an vawng reng a ni.
Hnam emaw, chi emaw hian matching a nghawng em?
Awle. Hei hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. A tlangpuiin HLA matching awm theihna hi hnam leh chi khata awmte zingah a sang zawk a ni. Kan immunity control tu genes te hian kan hnam a zirin danglamna engemaw zat an nei a.
Chumi awmzia chu Sri Lanka-a mi pakhatin ruhro (bone marrow transplant) a mamawh chuan Sri Lanka-ah hian donor tling tak a hmuh theihna chance tha ber a nei tihna a ni. Hei vang hian hnam leh khawtlang zawng zawng atanga lo kalte tan ruhro petu anga inziak lut a pawimawh em em a ni. Tichuan, mi pakhatin a mamawh chuan thawhlawm petu tling tak an hmu thuai thei ang.
Engtin nge bone marrow donor ni turin ka inziak lut ang?
Sri Lanka ramah hian bone marrow donor anga inziak lut i duh chuan hmun pawimawh engemaw zat a awm a, chutah chuan information i dawng thei ang. Hemi kawngah hian National Cancer Institute, Maharagama hian hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni. Hemi chungchang hi National Blood Transfusion Service kaltlangin i hre belh thei bawk.
Registration process hi hetiang hian a kal tlangpui a:
1. Thu hriat tur pek: A hmasain i hriselna dinhmun chungchangah thu bulpui leh chipchiar tak tak kan dawng ang.
2. Sample lak: A dawtah chuan i `HLA` type hriat nan sample lak a ni. Hei hi a awlsam hle. I hmui chhung atanga `cheek swab` atanga cell tlemte lak a ngai mai thei. A nih loh leh thisen tlemte chauh lak a ngai mai thei bawk.
3. Enrollment: I HLA type chu zirchian a ni a, chu information chu donor registry-ah dah a ni.
Chumi hnuah chuan engmah tih theih a awm tawh lo. Khawvel hmun dangah pawh i HLA type chu damlo nen a inmil chauhvin biak theih i ni ang. Chumi awmzia chu i register tawh vang mai mai chuan bone marrow donor i ni dawn tihna a ni lo. Call i dawng ngai lo mai thei. Mahse i tih chuan mi nunna chhanhim theihna hun i nei tihna a ni.
Bone marrow donation dawng thei lo kan nih chhante chu engte nge ni?
He thil ropui takah hian tu pawhin tel ve thei mah se, a petu leh a dawngtu te himna tur atan hriselna lama thiamna thenkhat ngaihtuah a ni. A hnuaia condition te hi a tlangpuiin bone marrow donation atana tling lo anga ngaih a ni.
| Disqualification chhan | A sawifiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Kum | A tlangpuiin kum 60 chunglam tan thawhlawm thawh phal a ni lo. |
| HIV/AIDS vei vang a ni | HIV hrik kai chuan thilpek a pe thei lo. |
| Arthritis natna khirh tak tak a awm | Thil natna khirh tak tak, rheumatoid arthritis ang chi te . |
| Autoimmune natna te | Autoimmune diseases tih hi taksain a taksain a beih nasat em emna natna a ni. |
| Thisen zam natna | Thisen nena inzawm natna, hemophilia . |
| Ngawt | Tun hmaa cancer natna enkawlna (chemotherapy, radiation) i lo dawng tawh a nih chuan. |
| Zunthlum | Zunthlum vei, insulin injection la thinte chuan thilpek an pe thei lo. |
| Lung natna | Lung lam natna khirh tak tak. |
| Hepatitis B emaw C emaw a ni | He virus infection hi taksaah a awm a nih chuan. |
| Kal natna | Kidney natna rei tak awm thei. |
He list hi a kimchang lo hle. Thilpek pek i duh a, mahse hriselna lama harsatna i neih chuan i doctor nen sawiho a tha ber . I medical history an enfiah thei ang a, candidate tha tak i nih leh nih loh an hre thei ang.
Engtin nge bone marrow donation process hi a thawh?
Ngaihtuah teh, i register tawh a, ni khat chu damlo tan i fit tha hle tih call i dawng a. I pawm hnuah eng nge thleng? Step khat hnu step khatin han thlir ila.
1. Surgery neih hmain
A hmasa berin i hriselna zawng zawng chu enfiah a ni ang. Hei hi hei hi i fit tawk em tih hriat nan a ni. Hemi atan hian test eng emaw zat tih a ni ang.
- Thisen test: Thisen chhiar kimchang (CBC), kal leh thin hnathawh test (CMP), leh clotting time test (PTT) te.
- Infection test: Natna hrik kai chi hrang hrang HIV, hepatitis, leh cytomegalovirus (CMV) te enfiah thin ang che.
- Test dang: ECG leh chest X-ray hmangin thinlung hnathawh dan enfiah a ni.
Heng zawng zawng hnuah hian anesthesia doctor chuan a enfiah ang che a, operation atan a buatsaih ang che.
2. Surgery neih laiin
Hei hi operation room-ah a thleng thin.
- A hmasa berin general anesthesia pek i ni ang. Chuvangin natna i hre lo vang , i muhil vek ang.
- I pum chungah an hawitir ang che a, an muhil tir ang che.
- Tichuan, doctor chuan i hip ruh hnung lama vun kaltlangin special hollow needle a dah lut a, bone marrow fluid chu a la chhuak ta a ni.
- Engvangin nge hip bone hi kan thlan? A chhan chu kan taksaa ruhro leh stem cell tam ber leh hrisel ber a awm vang a ni.
- A mamawh zat hmuh theih nan needle hi vawi tam tak i dah a ngai mai thei.
- A tlangpuiin liquid bone marrow pint 1 leh 2 (liter 0.5 - 1 vel) inkar a ni. Hei hi thil tam tak angin a lang thei a, mahse a niI ruhro zawng zawng atanga 10% aia tlem lo. I taksa hian kar tlemte chhungin he zat hi a siam thar leh thin.
- A kalphung zawng zawng hi darkar khat vel a ni .
3. Surgery hnuah
- Recovery room-ah hruai i ni ang. Chutah chuan darkar khat vel i awm a ngai dawn a ni.
- Nurse te chuan i hriatna a lo let leh hun an nghak ang a, i pulse leh blood pressure ang chi thil te an check reng ang.
- Needle dahna hmunah hian bandage dah a ni ang. Tin, thisen chhuak danglam tak tak a awm leh awm loh an enfiah bawk ang.
- Tui i in theih hnuah chuan saline tube (IV tube) chu a chhuak ang.
- Nurse-te chuan thawk hah leh khuh ang chi thil tih turin an fuih ang che a, hei hian mut theih lohna avanga nghawng a neihte tihziaawmna tur a ni.
Tlem chuan i chau deuh a, i rilru a na hle mai thei. Mahse chu chu zawi zawiin a ṭha chho zel ang. A tlangpuiin zan khatah emaw, a tuk zingah emaw i haw thei. Mahse nangmah ngeiin i khalh thei lova, khalhtu tur che i mamawh a ni.
Side effects leh dam leh hun chhung
Surgery dang ang bawkin risk tlemte chauh a awm. Anesthesia avanga thil thleng thei, natna hrik awm thei, leh needle dahna nerve emaw muscle emaw tihchhiat a awm thei bawk. Mahse hengte hi a tlem hle .
Recovery period chhung hian hetiang hian i tawng thei ang:
- I hnungzang hnuai lam leh hip area-a natna: Ni engemaw zat chhung chu i na leh i rilru a na thei a, hliam i tuar ang maiin i awm thei. Chumi atan chuan i doctor chuan natna tidamtu awlsam tak (e.g. paracetamol) ei turin a hrilh ang che.
- Bruising: Needle dahna hmun chu blue a ni thei.
- Chauhna: Mi thenkhat chuan hah an ti a, ni eng emaw zat kal harsa an ti thin.
- Iron tlakchhamna: I thisen sen (red blood cell level) a siam that theih nan ni engemaw zat iron supplement ei turin an ti thei che a ni.
Mi tam zawk chuan ni engemaw zat chawlh hnuah an hnathawh dan pangngaiah an kir leh thei a ni . A dam kim theih nan kar hnih atanga kar thum vel a ngai thei.
A pawimawh ber chu he process atanga rilru satisfaction i hmuh hi a ni. Nangmah avanga mi dang, naupang tê pawh ni thei, a nung leh tih hriatna hi a hlu hle. Chu chu hetah hian advantage lian ber a ni.
Infection chhinchhiahna, khawsik, sen, hring, emaw, injection na hmuna natna nasa tak i neih chuan i doctor i ko nghal tur a ni .
A tawp berah chuan, thilpek petu leh dawngtu hi an inhmu thei ang em? Awle. Mahse an pahnih hian an duh phawt chuan. Hêng coordinating body-te hian chutiang inkhâwmpui buatsaihnaah pawh an ṭanpui bawk.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Bone marrow donation hi thil ropui tak a ni a, thisen cancer ang chi natna hlauhawm tak tak vei mi pakhat nunna chhanhim thei a ni.
- He procedure hi complete anesthesia hmanga tih a nih avangin a petu chuan natna a nei lo . Surgery hi a him em em a ni.
- Harsatna lian ber chu damlo tan HLA match zawn hi a ni. Chuvang chuan a tam thei ang ber donors register a pawimawh.
- I taksa chuan kar tlemte chhungin ruhro i dawn zat chu a siam thar leh ang , hun rei tak chhung atan harsatna a thlen lo vang.
- Donor nih i duh chuan Maharagama Apeksha Hospital emaw National Blood Donation Service emaw ang chi institution atang hian thu belhchian dawl zawk i dawng thei ang.
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