I thluaka thisen kalna kawngte hi i ngaihtuah em? Cerebrovascular Disease chungchang hi han sawi ila

I taksa sir khatah luak chhuak emaw, hriatna hloh emaw i nei tawh em? Thusawi pawh i harsat phah mai thei. Hei hi i thluaka thisen kalna kawng hrang hranga harsatna awm vang a ni thei. Ngaihtuah buai suh, vawiinah hian thluak natna chi khat, cerebrovascular disease an tih condition kan sawi dawn a ni.

Cerebrovascular Disease hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hei hi thluaka thisen kalna kawng tichhe thei natna pawl hming tlangpui a ni. ‘Cerebro’ tih awmzia chu i thluak tihna a ni. ‘Vascular’ tih hian thisen kalna kawng, chu chu kan taksaa thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng leh thisen kalna kawngte a kawk a ni. Chuvangin, ‘cerebrovascular disease’ tih hian thluaka thisen kalna kawng nena inzawm natna a kawk a ni. Hrethiam e?

He cerebrovascular disease vang hian thil thleng thei lian tak pahnih a awm a.

1. Thluaka thisen kal tlem: Hei hi damdawi lamah chuan ‘ischemia’ kan ti a. Hei hi thisen kalna kawng a inkharkhip chuan a thleng thin.

2. Thluak chhunga thisen chhuak: Hei hi ‘hemorrhage’ an ti. Hei hi thisen kalna kawng a puak hian a thleng thei a ni.

Heng pahnih hi ‘stroke’ kan tih natna khirh tak nen hian a inzawm tlangpui a ni. Stroke hi thluaka thisen kalna natna avanga lo awm thei a ni a, chutiang bawkin thisen kalna kawng natna dang tam tak pawh a awm thei bawk.

Nangmah emaw, i hnaih ber emawin stroke an neih chuan a rang thei ang bera thluaka thisen kal chu i siam that leh a pawimawh hle. Chutiang a nih loh chuan thluak cell te chu rang takin an thi thei a, chu chuan chak lohna nghet tak emaw, thihna emaw a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin hei hi emergency anga ngaih tur a ni.

Heng thisen kalna kawngte hian thluak tibuaitu chu engte nge ni?

Cerebrovascular natnaah hian arteries leh veins pahnih hi a nghawng thei a ni. Kan thluaka thisen petu thisen kalna kawng lian engemaw zat chu heng natnate hi an vei awlsam ber a ni:

• Carotid arteries: Heng thisen kalna kawngte hi i kawr hma lamah a awm a. Mi tam zawk chuan dinglam leh veilam lehlamah carotid artery pakhat an nei a.
• Vertebral arteries: Heng thisen kalna kawngte hi i kawr hnung lamah a awm a. Mi tam zawk chuan an kawr sir lehlamah pakhat, dinglam leh veilam ah pakhat an nei a.

Hengte hi thluaka thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng lian ber berte an ni. Chuvangin heng arteries-ah hian blockage emaw problem emaw a awm chuan thluak hnathawhnaah nghawng lian tak a nei dawn a ni.

He natna chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, natna chi hrang hrang ‘cerebrovascular disease’ category-a tel a awm. Heng zingah hian ‘Stroke’ hi a tam ber a, kan hriat vek tawh ang chi hi a ni. Mahse, hei chauh hi a ni lo. Entirna tlemte han en leh ila, kan ti ang em?

• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): Hei hi thluak chhunga arteries (thisen tha kengtu thisen kalna kawng) leh vein (thisen tha lo phur thei) te chu a pangngai lo taka inzawmkhawmna a ni.
• Brain aneurysm: Thluaka thisen kalna kawng chak lo tak, balloon ang maia bul chhuak. Hei hi a hlauhawm hle a, a chhan chu a puak chuan thluaka thisen a chhuah tir thei a ni.
• Brain bleed, hemorrhage / Intracranial hemorrhage: Hei hian thluak chhunga thisen chhuak eng pawh a huam a ni.
• Carotid artery disease / Carotid artery stenosis: A hmaa kan sawi tawh kha kawr chhunga carotid artery hi thau leh thil dang dahkhawmin a block a.
• Cervical artery dissection: Kawr chhunga artery wall layer hrang hrang inkarah thisen a chhuak a, chu chuan artery a tikehsawm emaw, a block emaw a ni.
• Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Thluaka thisen kalna kawngte chu a inzawm khawm nghal a, a pangngaia a lo kir leh thin. Mahse, hei hian hun eng emaw chen chu lu na a thlen thei a ni.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Thluak chhehvel membrane te tak teah thisen a chhuak. Hei hi aneurysm a rupture hian a thleng fo thin.
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA) emaw mini-stroke emaw: Hei hi stroke te tak te ang a ni. Thluaka thisen kal chu hun eng emaw chen a tlahniam a, a natna lan chhuah dan leh rei lo te hnuah a bo leh thin. Mahse, stroke lian tak hmahruaitu a nih theih avangin ngaihthah erawh a tha lo.
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): Hei hi genetic natna a ni a, thlah kal zelah a lo awm thin a ni. Hemiah hian taksa peng hrang hrangah thisen kalna kawng dik lo takin a lo thang lian thin.
• Moyamoya natna: Hei hi thil awm lo tak a ni a, thluak bul lama main artery chu zawi zawiin a block a, chu chu branch vein te tak te, chak lo tam takin a thlak a ni.

Hetiang condition hi a tam zawk. Tin, pakhat zel chungchang hi thuk taka hriat a ngai lo a, mahse hetiang thil chi hrang hrang hian thluaka thisen kalna kawng a nghawng thei tih hriat a pawimawh hle.

He natna hi tuin nge vei tam zawk?

Dik tak chuan tu pawhin kum eng pawh ni se, thluak thisen natna a vei thei a ni. Mahse, mi thenkhat chu an hlauhawmna a sang deuh hlek a ni. Entîr nân, he hlauhawmna hi kum upat zêlah a pung . Tin, genetic factor thenkhat chuan chanvo an nei thei bawk.

United States ang ramah chuan thluak natna hi nunna atana hlauhawm thluak chhiatna thlentu lian ber pakhat a ni. Thihna thlentu lian pangana a ni bawk. United States-ah ringawt pawh hian kum 2020 chhung khan he natna vang hian mi 160,000 chuang an thi tawh a, Sri Lanka-ah pawh hetiang dinhmun hi ngaihthah theih a ni lo.

Hetiang dinhmun a lo awm chhan te hi engte nge ni?

Cerebrovascular disease hi a chhan hrang hrang a awm thei. A chhan ber thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thluak chhunga thisen kalna kawng chhungah thisen zam (blood clot) a lo awm a: Hei hi ‘thrombosis’ an ti. Hei hi thisen kalna kawng chu eng emaw chen a zim tawh emaw, a mumal lo emaw awmna hmunah a thleng fo thin.
• Taksa hmun danga thisen zam lo awm chu thluak lamah a kal a: Hei hi ‘embolism’ an ti a. A tam ber chu thinlunga thisen zam lo awm chu thluaka a kal hian a ni.
• Hemorrhage: Hei hi thisen sang control loh nen a thleng fo thin.
• Atherosclerosis: Tui pipe-a rust lo awm ang bawkin thisen kalna kawng chhungah thau a awm a, chu chuan a tikhawlo a ni.
• Thluak thisen kalna kawng hrang hranga insiam dan lama harsatna: Pianpui chhiatna thenkhat vang pawh a ni thei.
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI): Accident avanga lu hliam na tak chuan thisen kalna kawngah harsatna a thlen thei bawk.

Eng nge a lan chhuah dan? Engtin nge kan hriat chian?

Cerebrovascular disease symptoms hi thluak hmun eng ber nge a nghawng dan azirin a danglam thei. Mahse, natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui, rang taka lo awm thei thenkhat chu a awm a:

• Balance lama harsatna: Kal theih loh thut, tlu.
• Delirium: Thil hriatna hloh, hmun hloh.
• Fainting a ni.
• Visual impairment: Mit a hloh thut, mit pahnih emaw, mit sir khat a thim emaw.
• Taksa emaw hmai lehlamah paralysis emaw chak lohna emaw a awm.
• Sudden, severe headache: Hei hi lu na pangngai ang a ni lo, i nunah i la tawn ngai loh lu na tak a ni thei.
• Thusawi emaw hriatthiam harsat (Aphasia).
• Thusawi thiam lo / Dysarthria.
• Taksa emaw hmai sir khata hriatna inthlak danglamna: rilru hahna emaw, hriatna hloh emaw.

American Stroke Association chuan heng symptoms te hi rang taka hriat theih nan FAST tih hmanraw tawi tak an siam a. Hei hi hriat reng a pawimawh:

* F – Face drooping: Mi chu nuihzat tura tih a nih chuan hmai sir khat a tla em tih en rawh.

* A – Kut chak lohna: Kut pahnih chawi sang tura tih a nih chuan kut pakhat a tla thla em tih en rawh.

* S – Thusawi harsa: Thumal awlsam tak sawi tura tih a nih chuan thumal a slur em tih emaw, sawi harsa a awm em tih emaw en rawh.

* T – Time to call 1990: Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan hun khawhral suh la, damdawi in pan nghal rawh. A chhan chu second tin hi a chhiar tel vek a ni!

Engtin nge doctor-te hian hei hi chiang taka an chhui chhuah?

Cerebrovascular disease hi emergency medical treatment mamawh tak a ni.Chuvangin diagnosis neih vat a pawimawh. Doctor chuan i medical history a zawt hmasa ang che. Tichuan taksa enfiahna an nei ang. A bik takin a hnuaia thilte hi an zawng ang:

• Rilru dinhmun: I chhehvêl thilte hi i fimkhur a, i hre chiang em?
• Mit che vel leh hmuh dan: Mit chet dan pangngai lo, mit hmuh dan inthlak danglam.
• Chak lohna emaw, paralysis emaw.
• Sensation a tlahniam emaw, a danglam emaw.
• Thusawi dan hrang hrang: thumal kalphung, hriatthiamna, hming vuah.
• Balance leh coordination hloh.
• Luak chhuak emaw, room a inher ang maia hriatna emaw (Vertigo).

Heng test an neih zawh hian doctor chuan cerebrovascular disease a rinhlelh chuan specialized test tam zawk a order thei a ni. Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Cerebral angiography: Thluaka thisen kalna kawng X-ray hmanga enfiah a ni.
• Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CT Angiogram): Thisen kalna kawng en nana CT scan a ni.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Thinlung hnathawh dan a enfiah thin.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Thluak thlalak chipchiar tak tak lak chhuah.
• Spinal tap/Lumbar puncture: Thil bik thenkhatah chuan.

Heng test te hian i doctor chu i cerebrovascular disease awm chhan a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni. I dinhmun a zirin test tam zawk i tih a ngai mai thei.

Engtin nge enkawl ang? Ngaihtuah buai suh, kawng a awm!

Cerebrovascular disease enkawl dan hi i dinhmun bik a zirin a inang lo. A pawimawh ber chu natna lan chhuah tan hnua a rang thei ang bera enkawl tan hi a ni. Hei hi thluak chhiatna i tihtlem theih hun a ni.

Doctor ten damdawi hmangin an enkawl fo che a. Chungte chuan thluaka thisen kal dan a titha a, hna an thawk a ni. Heng damdawi te hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni thei:

• Thisen sang damdawi.
• Thisen tithianghlimtu / Anticoagulants.
• Cholesterol tihhniamna damdawi.
• Thisen thlum damdawi: Zunthlum vei tan.

I thisen kalna kawng khar na tak i neih chuan zai a ngai mai thei. Surgery chi thenkhat chu:

• Carotid angioplasty: Surgeon chuan i thisen kalnaah balloon ang chi hmanrua a dah a, chu chu a inflate a, chu chuan thisen kalna kawng khar chu a tizau ta a ni.
• Carotid endarterectomy: Surgeon chuan i carotid artery chu a tikehsawm a, a chhunga thau awm (plaque) awmte chu a paih chhuak thin.
• Carotid stent: Surgeon chuan i carotid artery-ah metal mesh tube (stent) te tak te a dah lut a, chu chuan thisen a kal tha zawk thin.
• Catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy: Surgeon chuan artery chhungah catheter (tube te tak te) a dah a, chuta tang chuan thisen zam chu chhuah tir turin device a dah lut a.

Engtin nge hei hi kan pumpelh theih ang? Engtin nge a hlauhawmna chu kan tihtlem theih ang?

Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Nunphung hrisel zawm hian thluaka thisen zam natna vei theihna nasa takin a ti tlem thei a ni. Hêng thilte hi han ngaihtuah teh:

• Thisen sang control (hypertension): Thisen sang i neih chuan i doctor-in damdawi a pek ang kha ei la. I thisen sang kha enfiah fo thin ang che.
• Chaw hrisel ei tur, chi, hriak leh calorie tlem te ei: Thlai, thei, legumes leh fiber tamna ei tur tam zawk ei thin ang che.
• Exercise neih fo: Ni khatah minute 30 tal kea kal emaw, tlan emaw ang chi thil ti thin ang che.
• Zu in hi tihtlem emaw, tihtawp vek emaw.
• Meizial zu hi pumpelh vek rawh: Hei hi a pawimawh hle.
• Damdawi dang hmang suh.
• Taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh.
• I thisen sugar leh cholesterol level control rawh.
• Stress tihtlem: Meditation, yoga, leh hobby te hi stress tihziaawmna kawng tha tak a ni.
• A hun takah medical checkup neih thin ang che.
• Heart arrhythmia ang chi natna i neih chuan doctor-in a tih angin thisen tihthianghlimna damdawi ei thin ang che.
• Menopause hnua hormone replacement therapy (HRT) i ei a nih chuan thisen zam natna hlauhawm leh thatna chungchang doctor nen sawiho rawh.

Risk factor dang a awm em?

A tlangpuiin, heng natna te hi i neih chuan cerebrovascular disease vei theihna i nei sang zawk a ni:

• Zunthlum.
• Thisen sang a sang.
• Cholesterol sang tak a ni.

Chu bâkah, a hnuaia thilte hian thluak lam natna chi hrang hrang vei theihna a tipung thei bawk:

• Naupai i nih chuan: Naupai lai hian thluaka thisen zam (cerebral venous thrombosis) a awm theihna a sang zawk.
• Hereditary (congenital) condition i neih chuan: Hei hian vascular diseases, thluak aneurysm ang chi i vei theihna a tipung thei a ni.
• Lu hliam na tak (traumatic brain injury) i tuar tawh a nih chuan.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) i ei a nih chuan: Atherosclerosis emaw carotid artery disease emaw i neih tawh chuan HRT hian stroke vei theihna a tipung thei a ni.

He natna hi i vei a nih chuan eng nge i beisei theih ang?

Cerebrovascular disease enkawl tawhte chuan an dam kim fo a, nun pangngai an hmang fo thin. Mahse, a then phei chuan he natna hian thihna emaw, chak lohna nghet tak emaw a thlen thei a ni. Harsatna lo awm thei thenkhat chu:

• Thumal zawn harsat (Aphasia).
• Kal dan lama harsatna nei.
• Hriatrengna hloh.
• Hmai, kut leh kea paralysis emaw chak lohna emaw.
• Hun eng emaw chen emaw, rilru lama harsatna awm reng emaw.
• Ngaihtuahna leh ngaihtuah harsa (Cognitive impairment).

Dam leh theihna tur kawng eng nge awm?

Sawi tawh ang khan mi thenkhat chu an dam kim vek a, thenkhat erawh chuan rualbanlo chhunzawm zel an nei thei thung. Cerebrovascular disease i neih chuan i dam theihna chance chu:

• Engtiang chiahin nge enkawlna i dawng thuai.
• Natna nasat dan emaw, stroke lian tham zia emaw.
• Thluak hmun eng nge a nghawng?
• Cerebrovascular natna chi hrang hrang.

Chuvangin, natna lan chhuah dan i hriat veleh damdawi lam pan vat a pawimawh hle.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang?

Cerebrovascular disease vei i nih angin a hnuaia mi ang hian i in enkawl chhunzawm thei ang:

• Nunphung hrisel zawm (a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan ei leh in tha, exercise lak, leh zu in loh ang chi thil).
• Damdawi lam dinhmun (e.g., thisen sang, zunthlum, cholesterol) atana damdawi dik tak ei.

I thluak hnathawh dan hi cerebrovascular disease-in a nghawng a nih chuan, i tanpui turin rehabilitative therapies i mamawh mai thei:

• Occupational therapy: Nitin hnathawh tur thiamna neih leh theihna tura training pek.
• Physical therapy: Taksa chhunga chetna, chakna leh inthlauhna siam that lehna atan a pui.
• Psychological therapy: He natna nena lo awm thin stress leh lungngaihna te hi a pui thin.
• Speech therapy: Thusawi leh ei leh in lama harsatnate hneh turin a pui.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang? Engtin nge emergency i hriat theih?

1990 chu call nghal rawh! Cerebrovascular accident (a bik takin stroke) symptoms i neih chuan 1990 (ambulance) call emaw, damdawi in hnai ber pan nghal vat rawh. A hmaa kan sawi tawh FAST method kha hre reng ang che.

Tin, i enkawlna atanga side effect i neih emaw, hun engemaw chen hnua result i hmuh loh emaw chuan chu chu i doctor nen pawh sawipui rawh. Ani chuan i ṭanpui thei tur enkawlna dang a rawn rawt thei bawk.

Thuhmahruai angin hre reng ang che (Take-Home Message) .

Cerebrovascular disease hi i thluaka thisen petu thisen kalna kawngte nghawng thei dinhmun sawina tlangpui a ni. Hei hian thluak hian oxygen a dawn tlem avangin a tichhe thei a ni. Heng zinga a tam ber chu stroke a ni. Tin, natna dang, thluaka thisen chhuak, carotid artery disease, leh transient ischemic attack (TIAs), mini stroke tia hriat bawk te pawh a huam tel bawk.

A lan chhuah dan chu inthlauhna hloh, mit hmuh lohna, lu na nasa tak, leh thusawi harsat te a ni thei . Doctor ten damdawi leh surgery hmangin an enkawl thei a ni. I nunphung tihdanglamna hmangin i hlauhawmna chu i tihtlem thei bawk a, chu chu exercise leh stress tihziaawmna te hi a ni.

Cerebrovascular disease hian rualbanlohna leh thihna thlengin a thlen thei a, mahse, enkawl vat leh enkawl dan dik a nih chuan mi tam zawk chu an dam leh a, nun pangngai, nun famkim an hmang thin. Chuvangin a natna lan chhuah dan hriat chian a, enkawl vat vat a pawimawh.

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