Zunthlum hian kal (kidney) pawh a nghawng ve em? Diabetic Kidney Disease hi i fimkhur ang u!

Zunthlum i nei em? A nih loh leh, i chhungte emaw, i thian emaw zingah tu emaw chuan zunthlum a vei em? Tichuan zunthlum natna avanga harsatna hrang hrang lo awm thinte chu i hre tawh ngei ang. A chang chuan hengte hi kan hriat chian tawk loh avangin kan hlau thei a. Vawiin hian zunthlum natnain kan kal (kidney) a nghawng dan tur kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) an ti a.

Diabetic Kidney Disease (Diabetic Kidney Disease) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hei hi zunthlum avanga i kal (kidney) tihchhiatna a ni. Kan taksa chhunga kal pahnih hian thisen chu a filter a , bawlhhlawh a paih chhuak tih kan hria . Kan taksaah hian kidney hi super filter pahnih angin han ngaihtuah teh. Hengte hian nitrogenous waste products, entirnan urea, muscle atanga bawlhhlawh (creatinine), leh toxin dang tam tak te chu filter in zun hmangin an paih chhuak thin. Chu mai ni lovin, kal (kidney) hian taksaa tui leh electrolyte awm zat (balance) a vawng reng thei bawk.

Kidney khatah hian filtering unit tenau tak tak, nephrons an tih maktaduai khat chuang a awm a. Heng nephrons chhungah hian thisen kalna kawng te tak te te chu inzawmkhawmin mesh ang chi structure an siam a, chu chu glomeruli an ti a ni. Dik tak chuan heng glomeruli te hi thisen filtration hmasa ber an ni. Tui leh bawlhhlawh hmin chu an semi-permeable membrane kaltlangin an kal tir a, chu chu taksa atangin zun angin a chhuak leh thin.

Tunah en teh, zunthlum vei taksaah eng nge thleng? An taksain kan ei leh in atanga kan hmuh sugar, chu chu `(glucose)` hi a hmang dik thei lo. Tichuan thisenah `(glucose)` level a sang chho zel a. Hetiang `(glucose)` tam tak hi rei tak a awm chuan chu `(glomeruli)` te membrane nalh tak takte chu a chhe tan thin. Tin, `(nephron)` hmun dang pawh a chhe thei bawk. Hetianga `(glomeruli)` chhia te hian thisen a filter tha thei lo. Tichuan, thil thleng chu zun nena chhuak tur toxins te chu taksa chhungah a awm khawm tan ta a ni.

He dinhmun hi a pawi em?

Ni e, zunthlum avanga kal natna hi natna khirh tak a ni . A enkawl that loh chuan a tawpah chuan kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a ni . Kidney failure hian nunna a tichhe thei a ni. Chuvang chuan hei hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle a ni.

Zunthlum vanga kal natna hi eng stage nge ni?

eGFR hi i kal (kidney) hnathawh that dan tehna a ni. eGFR hi estimated glomerular filtration rate tih tawifelna a ni. A awlsam zawngin, i kal (kidney) hian bawlhhlawh a filter tha em em tih chhut a ni. Mi hrisel eGFR hi 100 vel a ni a, he value hi 0 ah a tlahniam thei a, chu chu i kal (kidney) hian hna a thawk lo tak tak tihna a ni.

Kidney natna eng pawh hi stage hrang hrang a awm a, chung zingah chuan zunthlum avanga kal natna te pawh a tel:

• Stage I-na chu:I GFR chu 90 aia sang a ni. Hetih lai hian i kal (kidney) hian chhiatna engemaw zat a tawk mai thei a, mahse a la thawk tha hle.
• Stage II: GFR value hi 60 leh 89 inkar a ni thei a, stage I aiin kal a chhe zawk a, mahse a la thawk tha hle.
• Stage III: GFR value hi 30 leh 59 inkar a ni thei a, hetih lai hian kal hnathawh hi a tlahniam deuh emaw, nasa takin emaw a tlahniam thei.
• Stage IV: GFR value hi 15 leh 29 inkar a ni thei a, hei hian kidney function nasa takin a tlahniam tihna a ni.
• Stage V: GFR hi 15 aia tlem a ni a, hei hian kal (kidney) chu a fail vek hnaih tawh tihna a ni a, a nih loh leh a fail tawh tihna a ni.

He natna hi tuin nge vei tam ber? Risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Type 1 emaw Type 2 diabetes nei apiangin kal natna an nei thei a ni. Mahse, mi thenkhat chu an hlauhawm zawk. Entir nan:

• Mihring dum
• American Indian, Alaska Native, emaw First Nations mi emaw te an ni
• Polynesia mite an ni
• Maori mite an ni

Risk factor dang pawh a awm a:

• Chhungkuaa kal natna nei.
• Thisen sang nei.
• Zuk leh hmuam thil (cigarette ang chi) hman.
• Hyperglycemia hi thisen sugar level sang reng reng a ni.
• Thisena cholesterol sang (Hyperlipidemia) a awm.

He natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Diabetes avanga kal natna hi a awm fo thin . Khawvel puma end-stage renal disease thlentu ber a ni. Zunthlum vei zinga 40 % velin he kal natna hi an vei nia chhut a ni.

Zunthlum vanga kal natna lanchhuahna chu engte nge ni?

A tam zawkah chuan kal 80% atanga 90% vel a chhiat hma chuan symptoms langsar tak tak a lang lo . Symptoms a lan tak tak chuan, hetiang hi i hmu thei ang:

• Hmai, kut leh ke a hring (edema).
• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• Chauhna emaw, hahna emaw awm reng.
• Thâwk harsa (dyspnea).
• Chaw chu a thlum lo.
• Foamy emaw bubbly emaw zun a awm.
• Thil ngaihtuah harsa emaw, rilru buai emaw.
• Vun vawt leh itchy.
• Muscle a ti na hle.
• Insulin ei zat tihtlem a ngai (zunthlum damdawi ei thinte tan).

A tir lamah engte nge a lan chhuah?

Zunthlum vanga kal natna hian a tir lamah a lan chhuah loh fo thin .. I zun (proteinuria) ah protein i nei thei. Mahse hei hi doctor in urinalysis a tih hian a hre thei chauh a ni.

Eng thilin nge hei hi a thlen? Hri kai theih a ni em?

Hei hi a chhan ber chu type 1 emaw type 2 diabetes neih vang a ni.

Ni lo, hei hi natna hrik kai theih a ni lo. He natna hi midang hnenah i thehdarh thei lo.

Engtin nge zunthlum avanga kal natna i neih leh neih loh i hriat theih ang?

Zunthlum i vei a nih chuan thla thum atanga thla ruk danah doctor pan a , doctor-in a rawt angin check-up neih a pawimawh. I doctor-in zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna i neih a rinhlelh chuan test ṭhenkhat a ti ang.

Hei hi hriat theih nan eng test nge tih thin?

A hnuaia test te hian he natna hi a hriat theih nan a pui thin:

• Urinalysis tih dan tur: 1.1.

Hei hian i zun sample lak a, a hmel, chemical composition leh microscopic examination te enfiah a huam a ni. I doctor hian dipstick hmangin he test hi a ti thei ang. Zun test chi hrang hrang pawh a rawt thei bawk. Dipstick test-ah chuan special container-ah i zun lut thin. Tichuan paper strip (dipstick) chemicals hnawih awmna chu an dah a. Zun chhungah protein (albumin) a awm chuan a strip chu a rawng a danglam ang.

I doctor-in tehna dik zawk a mamawh chuan, zun protein test neih a ti mai thei . Hei hian i zun sample lab-ah thawnin i zun chhunga protein leh creatinine ratio (protein-to-creatinine ratio) enfiah a huam a ni. Hetiang ratio hi a sang lutuk a nih chuan zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna chhinchhiahna a ni thei.

• Thisen test dan: 1.1.

eGFR test hian i kal (kidney)-in thisen a filter theihna a teh a ni. I doctor chuan i kut zungtang pakhat atanga thisen tlem a la ang a, thisen a creatinine level leh hriselna chungchanga hriat tur pawimawh thenkhat hmangin i eGFR a chhut ang.

• Imaging test hrang hrang:

Heng test te hian i doctor chu i kal hriselna chungchang a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.

• Ultrasound test: Hengte hian kal (kidney) awm dan leh a lian leh te a enfiah thei a ni.
• MRI leh CT scan: Hengte hian thisen kalna kawng leh kal (kidney)-a thisen kal dan te chiang takin a hmu thei a ni.

• Kidney biopsy atanga lak chhuah:

Hetiang tih danah hian doctor chuan i kal atanga tissue te tak te a la a, laboratory-ah microscope hmangin a enfiah thin. Chutianga i tih hma chuan a hmun chu a numbed a, chuvang chuan natna i nei lo. Tin, i chawlh hahdam theih nan light sedative a pe bawk ang che. Tichuan, vun kaltlangin needle chu kidney-ah dahin tissue sample chu lak a ni.

Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Enkawlna chu i natna stage, i kum leh i hriselna zawng zawngah a innghat a ni. I zunthlum control hi he kal natna enkawlna atana hmalakna hmasa ber a ni. A hnuaia thilte hian i zunthlum enkawlna kawngah a pui thei che a ni:

• Fiber tamna, thau tlem leh calorie tamna ei tur i eitur ah telh la.
• Exercise neih fo thin.
• Taksa rih zawng control.
• Meizial zu leh zuk leh hmuam thil dang hman kha bansan rawh.

Thisen sang i neih chuan enkawl ve a pawimawh bawk. I doctor chuan thisen sang tan damdawi a pe thei ang.

Kidney chhiatna hi tihdanglam theih a ni em?

Ni lo, zunthlum vanga kal (kidney) chhiatna hi a letling vek thei lo. Mahse, i doctor-in a tih angin i damdawi ei a, ei leh in hrisel i zawm a, taksa chak taka i awm chuan i kal (kidney) chhiatna nasa zawk chu i thunun thei a, i ti hniam thei a, i titawp thei bawk.

Hemi atan hian eng damdawi nge pek thin?

Diabetic kidney disease enkawl tur chuan i zunthlum control a pawimawh a, i thisen sang tihhniam a, i cholesterol level tihhniam a pawimawh bawk. I doctor chuan heng natnate enkawlna atan hian a hnuaia damdawi te hi a pe thei ang:

• Diabetes tan chuan:
• Biguanides (e.g. metformin): Hengte hian i liver-in glucose a siam zat a ti tlem a. Tin, taksaa insulin hnathawh dan pawh an tichak a, carbohydrates chu sugar-a a chantirna rate a ti hniam bawk.
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: Hengte hian kal leh zun kaltlangin taksa atanga glucose lakchhuahna kawngah a pui thin.
• Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists: Hengte hian insulin release a tipung a, chaw ei zawhah liver atanga glucose release a ti tlem a, gastric emptying a tikhawtlai bawk. Hei hian taksa rihna tihtlem nan pawh a pui thei bawk.

• Thisen sang tan chuan:
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Hengte hian hormone angiotensin II siam chhuah a tikhawlo a ni. Taksa hian a pianphungah he hormone hi thisen sang control nan a hmang thin. ACE inhibitor hmanga enkawl hnuah thisen sang a tlahniam tur a ni.
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): Hengte hian hormone angiotensin II chu thisen kalna kawnga receptor-te nena inzawmna a titawp a ni. ARB te hian ACE inhibitor te ang bawkin hna an thawk a, thisen sang a ti hniam a ni.

Pawimawh: Thisen sang tihhniam bakah hian ACE inhibitor leh ARB te hian zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna a tikhawtlai thei bawk.

• Cholesterol sang tan chuan:
• Statins: Hengte hian cholesterol tha lo a tihniam a, cholesterol tha a tisang bawk. Zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna nei thenkhat tan chuan an tangkai thei hle.

Natna a zual zel a nih chuan eng enkawl dan nge ni ang?

Diabetic kidney disease a nasat chuan enkawl dan tur chu:

• Dialysis: I kal a thawk tha lo a nih chuan dialysis hian i kal tan hna a thawk thei a ni. Hetah hian machine chuan i thisen a la a, bawlhhlawh leh tui tam zawk a filter chhuak a, thisen thianghlim chu i taksaah a thawn kir leh thin.
• Kidney transplant: Hemiah hian mi dang (kidney donor) hnen atangin kal hrisel tak i dawng a ni.

Engtin nge he natna hi i pumpelh theih ang?

Diabetic kidney disease laka invenna tha ber chu i zunthlum leh thisen sang tha taka enkawl hi a ni. I doctor-in a tih tur treatment plan dik taka zawm a pawimawh.

He natna vei hian eng nge a beisei theih ang?

Diabetic kidney disease hi zawi zawiin a lo zual zel a ni . He natna hi i neih chuan i kal (kidney) tihchhiatna chu a let leh thei lo. Mahse, natna hi i kai hma a, enkawl dan tur mumal tak i zawm chuan natna zual zel chu i ti hniam thei a, i titawp thei hial a ni.

He natna hi a nasat chuan kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a, chu chu nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni. Kidney failure enkawlna tur chu dialysis emaw kidney transplant emaw a ni.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang?

I doctor chuan i tana tha tur treatment plan siam turin a pui ang che. Damdawi leh nunphung tihdanglamna te pawh a huam thei. I enkawl dan tur ruahmannaah hian:

• Zunthlum leh thisen sang damdawi doctor-in a pek dik tak ei.
• I thisen sugar level leh blood pressure te enfiah fo thin ang che.
• Ei leh in hrisel (Mediterranean diet emaw DASH diet ang chi) zawm .
• Kar khat chhunga ni tam zawkah ni khatah minute 30 tal exercise la. Kar khatah minute 150 tal exercise neih tum ang che. Kea kal te, tlan te, bike khalh te, tui chawi te, cardiovascular activity dang i duh apiang i ti thei a ni.
• Kal tichhe thei damdawi ei loh. Hei hian natna tidamtu thenkhat (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines - NSAIDs) te pawh a huam thei.
• Doctor appointment neih leh lab test zawng zawng tihfel vek.
• Meizial zu leh zuk leh hmuam thil dang hman kha bansan rawh.
• Zu i in zat tihtlem.
• Zan tin darkar sarih leh darkar kua inkar mut thin ang che.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Zunthlum i vei chuan thla thum atanga thla ruk danah doctor-in a rawt angin doctor i pan fo tur a ni.

Diabetes i neih chuan i doctor chuan kum tin diabetic kidney disease screening neih a rawt ang che , i natna hmuhchhuah atanga kum nga atanga tan tur a ni. Diabetes i vei tih hriat a nih hnu kum 10 chhungin kidney chhiatna hi a lang lo tlangpui. Kum 25 chuang zunthlum i vei tawh a, i kal (kidney) a chhiat loh chuan diabetic kidney disease i vei theihna a tlem zawk.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Doctor i hmuh hunah hetiang zawhna hi zawh a pawimawh hle:

• Engtin nge zunthlum vangin kal natna ka nei tih i hriat theih ang?
• Nephrologist emaw specialist dang emaw ka pan tur em ni?
• Zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna hriat theih nan eng test nge i tih thin?
• Ka zunthlum natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a nasat?
• Ka zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna lo zual zel tur tihkhawtlai emaw, tihtawp emaw turin eng nunphung tihdanglam nge ka tih theih ang?
• Eng damdawi nge i rawt?
• Eng enkawlna nge i rawt?
• Engzat nge appointment nei tura ka lo kal ngai?
• Zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna nei te tan support group i rawt thei ang em?

Hei hi thuchah pawimawh ber ka pek tur che u chu a ni...

Zunthlum avanga kal (kidney) chhiat hi natna khirh tak a ni. Kidney failure thlengin a kal thei a, chu chu nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni. I doctor-in zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna a nei tih a hriat chuan hlauhna leh lungngaihna i neih chu thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, natna hi i kai hma a, i enkawl dan tur uluk taka i zawm chuan zunthlum kaihhnawih kal natna zual zel chu i tikhawtlai thei a, i titawp thei hial a ni.

Hetiang dinhmun enkawlna dawng hi rilru lamah a buaithlak thei hle. Mahse, i doctor chu pui turin a awm reng tih hre reng ang che. I zawhna zawng zawng chhang vek tur leh i nunphung tha vawng reng tura pui turin a inpeih reng a ni. Chuvangin i rilrua thil awm zawng zawng chu i doctor hnenah sawipui hlau suh.

` Zunthlum, Kal Natna, Zunthlum Kal Natna, DKD, Nephropathy, eGFR, Zun Test, Dialysis