Chaw ei a harsa em? I rilruah a tang em ni? Dysphagia chungchang hi han sawi ila!

Engtik lai pawhin hetiang thil hi kan tawng vek tawh. Hmanhmawh taka thil kan ei emaw, kan in emaw hian kan kawr chu a hrual nghal a, kan bengchheng a, kan rilru a buai ang maiin kan inhria. "Kawng dik loah kan kal a ni," kan ti thin. A tlangpuiin tui tlem kan in hnuah a bo thin. Hetiang thil hi a chang chuan a thleng a nih chuan ngaihtuahawm a ni lo. Mahse hetiang harsatna hi ei leh in a ei fo thin a nih chuan i ka atanga i pum thlenga ei tur kal dan tur tikhawlotu thil a awm tihna a ni. Damdawi lamah chuan he dinhmun hi dysphagia tiin kan sawi thin.

Hei hi harsatna mai a ni lo. A châng chuan natna khirh tak chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk. Entirnan, he natna hi stroke vei tawhte zingah a awm fo thin. Enkawl loh chuan ei leh in emaw i thawkna kawngah a lut thei a, chu chu i lung chhungah a lut thei a ni. Damdawi lamah chuan hei hi aspiration kan ti a ni. Hei hian lung natna leh pneumonia ang chi natna khirh tak tak a thlen thei a ni. Chuvang chuan hei hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle a ni.

Dysphagia chi hrang hrang a awm em?

A awlsam zawngin, a ni. Heng ei leh in harsatna te hi an awmna hmun azirin chi thum ah then theih a ni. Kawng atanga pum thlenga zinkawng ang maiin ngaihtuah rawh. He zinkawngah hian dinna lian pathum a awm a, chungte chu: hmui (oral cavity), ril (pharynx), leh chaw ei tur phurtu tube, chaw kawng (esophagus) te an ni. Heng chawlhna hmun pakhatah pawh harsatna a awm chuan zin kawng a tawi a, chu chu ei a harsa tihna a ni.

Dysphagia hi engte nge ni?

Eng dinhmun pawhin a ei theihna tura puitu nerve emaw muscle emaw a nghawng thei a ni.

Nervous system leh thluak natna te

Kan taksa che vel hi thluak leh nervous system-in a thunun a ni. He system tichhe thei natna hian ei leh in harsatna a thlen thei a ni.

• Stroke: Thluaka thisen kal dan a block chuan ei leh in tur control tu parts te a tichhe thei a ni.
• Parkinson’s disease: Thluak peng hrang hrang, movement coordination tichhe thei te chu a chak lo zauh zauh thin.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Autoimmune natna a ni a, nerve sheath tichhe thei a ni.
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Natna a ni a, taksa ruh control tu nerve tichak lotu natna a ni.
• Dementia: Hriatrengna leh chetna inrualremna tichhe thei natna.
• Brain tumors: Hengte hi cancer emaw, benign emaw pawh a ni thei. Nerve signal te an tibuai thei a ni.
• Cerebral palsy: Pian tirh atanga lo awm leh taksa ruh inzawmna (muscle coordination) tichhe thei natna.

Muscle lama harsatna nei

Dysphagia hi natna avanga lo awm thei a ni a, chu chuan kawr leh chaw kawng ruhte a nghawng a, chu chuan ei leh in a pui thei a ni.

• Achalasia: Esophagus hnuai lam tawp lama ruhte a relax lo va, chaw ei tur chu pum chhungah a lut thei lo.
• Scleroderma: Autoimmune disease a ni a, eitur kawng tissue te a tikhauh a, chu chuan taksa ruhte tan ei tur hnuai lam nawr a harsat phah a ni.
• Muscular dystrophy: Natna rochun pawl, taksa ruh chak lohna nasa tak thlentu.
• Myasthenia gravis: Autoimmune natna a ni a, nerve atanga muscle thlenga signal a tibuai thin.

Esophageal narrowing, obstruction, leh structural problems te a awm thin

• Cancer: Lu, kawr emaw, chaw kawng emawa cancer natna hrik awm hian ei tur kalna kawng a tikhawlo thei a ni.
• GERD (Acid Reflux): Pum acid reflux reng reng hian esophagus tissue te a tichhia a, scarring leh narrowing a thlen thei. Hei hi esophageal strictures an ti a .
• Eosinophilic esophagitis: Thisen var (eosinophils) chi khat chu chaw kawng chhungah a awm khawm a, chu chuan a khauh a, ei harsa a ti hle.
• Esophageal diverticulum chu a awm a, chu chu:Esophagus wall-a hmun chak lo takah pouch ang chi hmun te tak te a lo awm a. He hmunah hian ei tur chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, chu chuan rilruah thil a tlakbuak ang maiin a awm thei.

Engtin nge he dinhmun hi kan hriat theih ang?

Doctor i hmuh hunah i natna lan chhuah dan chu uluk takin a ngaithla ang a, taksa enfiahna a nei ang. Tichuan, a chhan hriat chian nân test bîk ṭhenkhat neih an rawt mai thei.

• Barium swallow (Esophagram emaw Barium swallow test): He test-ah hian barium an tih tui i in thin. He tui hi X-ray-ah a dum a, chuvangin i ei laiin esophagus hnathawh chu video ang maiin i en thei a ni.
• Upper endoscopy (EGD): Hetiang tih danah hian i doctor chuan i rilruah camera dahna tube te tak te a dah a, i rilru, i chaw kawng leh i pum a enfiah thin. Hei hian tumor leh blockage awm leh awm loh enfiah nan a pui thei a ni.
• FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing): Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)-in test a tih thin a ni. I hnar atang hian camera te tak te dahin, i ei laiin ei tur emaw, in tur rawng chi hrang hrang emaw i thawkna kawngah a lut em tih en a ni.
• Esophageal manometry: I hnar kaltlangin i pum chhungah tube dah a ni a, tui i in laiin i esophagus chhunga ruh awmte pressure, a nih loh leh a inzawm khawm dan a teh thin.

Engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Enkawlna chu i dysphagia awm chhan leh a nasat danah a innghat a ni.

• Damdawi: Infection pakhat tan antibiotics pek theih a ni a, GERD ang chi natna tan chuan acid controlling damdawi pek theih a ni bawk.
• Nunphung thlak danglam: I doctor emaw, speech therapist emaw chuan ei leh in thlak danglam turin a hrilh thei che a ni. Chaw nêm, hrual ṭha tak ei tûr te, i chaw chu uluk taka ei tûr te, leh hmui tê tê ei tûrin an fuih thei che a ni.
• Damdawi dang: Esophagus a zim chuan a zau zawk theih dan a awm. Botox® injection hi taksa ruh lama harsatna thenkhat enkawlna atan pawh hman a ni.
• Feeding tube: A nasat em em lai, chu chu ei leh in theih loh leh choking hlauhawmna a san chuan he method hi nutrition pek nan hman a ni.
• Rehabilitation exercise: Speech and language therapist (SLP) chuan i ei chakna tichak turin exercise a zirtir thei che a ni. Tin, him taka ei dan tur te, i lu vawn dan tur te, ei tur a tlakbuak chuan a paih dan tur dik tak te pawh an zirtir thei bawk.

Enkawl loh chuan eng harsatna nge awm thei?

Risk lian ber berte chu:

• Dehydration: Tui in tam tawk loh vanga taksaa tui tlakchhamna.
• Malnutrition: Ei leh in tha tawk lo.
• Choking: Nunna atana hlauhawm pawh a ni thei.
• Aspiration Pneumonia: Ei leh in tur chu lung chhunga inhnim luh avanga pneumonia na tak a ni. A chang chuan, a bik takin stroke nei tawhte tan chuan chaw chu khuh pawh ni lovin lung chhungah a inhnim lut thei (silent aspiration). Hei hi a hlauhawm hle mai.

Engtikah nge Doctor i hmuh ang?

Vawi khat emaw vawi hnih emaw chauh ni lovin hetiang harsatna hi i ei tam tih i hriat chuan doctor pan nghal rawh. A chhan bulpui zawn leh enkawl a pawimawh hle.

Khuh leh thawk hah ang chi thilte chu nuam lo thei mah se, i taksa atanga vaukhânna chhinchhiahna a ni. Chuvangin chu chhinchhiahnate chu ngaihthah suh.