I ruh hi tumor te tak te ang maiin a lo thang lian em? He (Exostosis) chungchang hi han sawi ila!

I taksa hmun dangah ruh pakhatah te, kut zungtang emaw, ke emaw, beng emaw pawh ni se, a lo thang lian lo ang chi thil i hmu tawh em? A châng chuan hengte hi a na lo a, mahse hmuh chuan a tibuai deuh thei a ni lawm ni? Vawiin hian ruh pakhata lo thang lian, mahse cancer ni lo, ruh thanna (extra bone growth) chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi medical science-ah chuan `(Exostosis)` an ti a.

Hei hi eng nge ni ``(Exostosis)``? A awlsam zawngin hrethiam ila, kan hrethiam ang em?

A awlsam zawngin ``Exostosis`` chu ruh thar, i ruh chungah, chu chu ruh tissue awmsa chungah a lo thang lian tihna a ni. Ruh chungah ruh te tak te a lo thang lian ang mai a ni. A pawimawh ber chu hei hi cancer a ni lo tih hi a ni. Chu chu cancer chhinchhiahna emaw, cancer thlentu thil emaw a ni lo tihna a ni. Tin, he ``Exostosis`` hi taksa hmun dangah a darh lo (doctor-te chuan ``metastasize`` an ti).

A tam zawkah chuan heng ``exostosis`` te hian symptom engmah a thlen lo. I nei tih pawh i hre lo mai thei. Mahse, khawiah nge extra bone growth a awm tih a zirin – eng ruh-ah nge, emaw taksa peng engah nge – chu ruh chu i hman emaw, chu hmun chu i sawn emaw chuan a nasat phah thei.

Exostosis enkawlna chi hrang hrang i mamawh chu a awmna hmunah a innghat a ni. Eng ruh-ah nge a awm tih hian i natna lan chhuah dan leh doctor-in a enkawl dan tur a nghawng dawn a ni.

Khawiah nge he ``(Exostosis)'' hi taksaah hian a lo awm theih ang?

``(Exostosis)`` hi i taksa ruh eng pawhah a lo awm tak tak thei. Amaherawhchu, hmun thenkhatah chuan an tam zawkna hmun a awm. Eng nge an nih hi han thlir ila:

• Ke ruh leh ke ruh: Ni e, hengte hi i ke ruh, ke ruh emaw, i ke ruh emaw-ah a lo awm thei a ni.
• Ear canals-ah: Exostosis hi beng chhunga ruhteah pawh a lo awm thei bawk.
• Sinus cavities-ah: Hengte hi i hnar vel air cavities (sinus) chhunga ruh-ah pawh hmuh tur a awm bawk.
• Jawbone: A chang chuan hetiang chi hi jawbone-ah pawh a awm thei bawk.
• Kut zungtang leh ke ruh: Hengte hi kut zungtang emaw ke ruh inzawmnaah pawh a lo awm thei bawk.

Doctor ten hming bik hmanga an koh ``(Exostosis)`` chi hrang hrang a awm. Tlemte chu chipchiar deuhin han thlir ila, kan ti ang em?

``(Exostosis)`` chi hrang hrang sawiho mek a ni

• Surfer's ear: Hei hi beng kawng chhunga ruh lo thang lian zel hming ``Exostosis'' an tih a ni. Hetiang natna vei te hian beng natna an vei tam zawk. Hei hi a chhan chu he extra bone growth hian tui a luh chuan ear canal a block thei a ni. Thil engemaw takah chuan ``Surfer's ear'' hian hriatna a tichhe thei bawk. He natna hi tui lum emaw, surf emawa tui chawi thinte zingah a tam zawk avangin an vuah a ni.

• Haglund’s deformity: Hei hi hming mak tak angin a lang thei a, mahse i ke ruh hnunglam (calcaneus tia koh bawk) atanga lo awm exostosis mai a ni a, chutah chuan i Achilles tendon (i kekawr chunglam atanga i ke ruh thlenga kal tendon lian tak) chu ruh nen a inzawm a ni. Haglund-a deformity hian a ke ruh a ti na thei a ni. He natna hi a bik takin kekawr hnung lama kekawr nghet tak i bun hian a na thei hle. Mi thenkhat chuan "pump bump" an ti bawk a, a chhan chu heel sang thenkhat i bun hian a lang thei a ni.

• Subungual exostosis: Hei hi i kut zungtang emaw ke ruh emaw nail hnuaia ruh-ah a awm thin. Chu chu nail bed hnuaiah a ni. Hei hian nail chu chunglam hawiin a rawn chhuak thei a, a nih loh leh nail vel a na thei bawk.

• Paranasal sinus exostosis: A hming ang bawkin hengte hi hnar vel sinus cavities chhunga ruhteah an lo thang lian thin. Hnar hnar leh thawk harsatna thlen thei an ni.

• Bone spurs: Hei hi exostosis chi khat a ni bawk. Doctor ten osteophyte an ti bawk. Heng ruh spurs te hi hun kal zelah zawi zawiin an lo thang lian thin. An hmuh tam ber chu ruh (ruh pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw inzawmna hmun) vel a ni. Osteoarthritis ang chi natna nen pawh an inzawm thei.

He natna (Exostosis) hian tute nge a nghawng nasa ber?

Dik tak chuan tu pawhin ``(Exostosis)'' an nei thei. Mahse, naupang leh tleirawl puitlingah an tam zawk. A chhan chu chutiang kum chuan an ruh te chu a thang chak hle a, a la thang kim lo a ni. Chuvangin, chu growth process chhung chuan heng extra bone formations te hi a awm theihna chance a sang zawk a ni.

``(Exostosis)`` natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan exostosis tam takah hian symptoms a awm lo. I nei tih pawh i hre lo mai thei. X-ray emaw, doctor-in taksa a enfiahnaah emaw accident-a hmuhchhuah a ni thei.

Mahse, symptoms a awm tak tak chuan hetiang hi a ni thei:

• Exostosis: Exostosis awmna hmuna natna.
• Joint pakhat chungah emaw, a bulah emaw a lo awm chuan (entir nan, hip, khup, ke ruh, kut zungtang, emaw ke ruh) chu chu ruh chu sawn chhuah hunah chuan a khauh emaw, a na emaw a awm ang.
• Hei hi sinus cavity-ah a lo awm tawh a nih chuan hnar chu a khuh ang a, a rit hle ang.
• ``Surfer's ear'' i neih chuan hriatna hloh i nei thei. I beng natna pawh i nei fo thei a, a chhan chu ruh tam zawk hian beng chhungah tui a tang awlsam a, chu chuan natna hrik a tipung awlsam phah a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, i tlan leh i zuang lai hian i ke ruh chu a na deuh hlek a, i kutah chuan hnah te tak te ang maiin i awm thin. Chutiang a nih chuan ``(Exostosis)'' a ni thei.

`(Exostosis)` awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

Ṭhenkhat chu ``(Exostosis)`` chhan hriat lohvin an lo piang chhuak thin. Doctor-te chuan ``(idiopathic)`` an ti a, chu chu "a chhan hriat loh" tihna a ni.

Mahse, `(Exostosis):` lo awm chhan lian tak tak engemaw zat a awm

• Hliam: Ruh pakhat chu eng emaw kawng taka a chhiat chuan a chang chuan a lo thang dik lo thei a, ruh dang ``Exostosis`` an tih chu a siam thei a ni.`` I tlu a, i kut ruh pakhat i hliam ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. A dam chuan a hliamna hmunah hian extra bump te tak te a lo awm thei a ni.
• Hriselna lam: Natna thenkhat, osteoarthritis leh spinal stenosis te hian ruh ah pressure nasa zawk a siam thei a ni. He pressure hi rei tak a awm a, chhiatna a thlen chuan a chhanna atan exostosis a lo awm thei a ni.
• Chhungkaw chanchin: I nu leh pate’n exostosis an vei tawh a nih chuan i vei theihna a sang deuh mai thei. Hei hian genetic predisposition a awm thei tihna a ni.

Engtin nge ``(Exostosis)`` i nei tih chiang taka i hriat theih ang? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

Exostosis i neih i rinhlelh chuan doctor chuan a nemnghet ngei ang. Chumi atan chuan hmanraw lian pahnih a awm a, chungte chu taksa enfiahna leh imaging test te an ni.

A hmasain doctor chuan i taksaa lump awm chu a en ang a, a hre ang a, i symptoms i neih apiang a zawt ang che.

Tichuan, ruh thanna leh a chhehvel tissue chiang taka hmuh theih nan imaging test an order ang. Hei hian a hnuaia test pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a huam thei a ni:

• X-ray: Hei hi tih hmasak ber a ni fo. X-ray hmangin ruhte chu chiang takin a lang thei a, chuvangin exostosis a awm leh awm loh leh a lian zia hriat theih a ni.
• CT scan: Hei hian X-ray aiin image chipchiar zawk a siam thei. Ruh pianzia leh a chhehvel tissue nena a inzawmna ang chi thil hmuh theih nan a pui thin.
• MRI scan: Hei hian ruh chauh ni lovin, a chhehvela soft tissue (muscle leh tendon ang chi) te pawh chiang takin a hmu thei a ni.

Heng test atanga information kan hmuh atang hian doctor chuan exostosis emaw thil dang emaw i neih leh neih loh chiang takin a hrilh thei che a ni.

``(Exostosis)`` hi engtin nge kan enkawl ang?

Exostosis enkawlna chu i taksaa a awmna leh eng symptom nge i neih tih ah a innghat a ni.

Ṭhenkhat `(Exostosis)` chu enkawl ngai lo. Ni e, mak i ti mai thei. Mahse a dik a ni. Natna leh hrehawmna a awm loh chuan a tam zawkah chuan doctor chuan, "A pawi lo, kan en ang," a ti ang.

Natna leh hliam ang chi symptom i neih chuan over-the-counter pain relievers (OTC NSAIDs, ibuprofen ang chi) hmangin hahdamna i hmu thei. Amaherawhchu, heng natna tidamtu damdawi te hi vawi khatah ni sawm aia tam i ei a nih chuan i doctor nen inbiakna neih hmasak a pawimawh.

Haglund’s deformity ang chi natna nei te chuan kekawrte chu a kephah pressure pe lo, kekawr danglam deuh deuh hak hian hahdamna an hmu thei a ni. Chu chu kekawr tight lutuk lo leh kekawr nêm nei thlan a tha zawk tihna a ni.

Exostosis chi thenkhatah chuan operation a ngai thin. Entirnan, surfer’s ear i neih a, chu chuan beng natna a thlen fo emaw, hriatna a tichhe nasa hle emaw a nih chuan, i doctor chuan ruh tam zawk lakchhuah nan operation neih a rawt thei ang. Chutiang bawkin subungual exostosis hian nail a tichhia a, tuar theih loh khawpin a na a nih chuan operation hmanga lakchhuah theih a ni bawk. I doctor emaw, surgeon emaw chuan a tih dan tur chu a hrilhfiah ang che, eng chen nge a daih dawn tih leh eng chen nge a dam theih dawn tih te pawh a hrilhfiah ang che.

``(Exostosis)'' ka neih chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

``(Exostosis)'' neih hi hlauhawm tur a awm lo tlangpui. Dam lehna famkim i beisei thei ang. Surgery hmanga lakchhuah pawh ni se, hun rei tak chhunga natna lanchhuahna a awm a rinawm loh.

Mahse, exostosis chi thenkhat – a bik takin surfer-te beng hi lakchhuah hnuah a lo thang leh theihna chance tlemte chauh a awm. Chuvangin hetiang hian lump emaw growth emaw i nei leh ang tih i hriat chuan doctor pan a, enfiah a finthlak hle ang.

``(Exostosis)'' a lo awm loh nan kawng a awm em?

Vanduaithlak takin exostosis lo awm tur venna tur kawng chiang tak a awm lo.

Mahse, arthritis emaw spinal stenosis ang chi condition i neih chuan chutiang symptoms te chu uluk taka enkawl a pawimawh. Chutianga i tih chuan a tul lo taka stress leh i ruh tihchhiatna leh exostosis lo awm theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka hmuh ang?

Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni: I taksaah ruh chungah emaw, ruh bulah emaw, lump emaw tumor thar emaw i hmuh chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan rawh.

Doctor hnenah enfiah tir a, ``Exostosis'' emaw thil pawi zawk (``Sarcoma'' ang chi cancer tumor ang chi) a nih leh nih loh hriat a pawimawh hle.

Exostosis hi cancer a ni lo. Mahse, a lo thang thar emaw, lump thar emaw a awm chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor-in a enfiah tir hi a finthlak hle. Tichuan, i rilru a hahdam thei ang, a dik em?

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Doctor hmu tura i kal dawnin hetiang zawhna thenkhat hi zawh a tha ang:

• ``Exostosis'' emaw, hmasawnna chi dang emaw ka nei em?
• Eng chi `(Exostosis)` nge ka neih? (Entirnan: `(Surfer beng)`, `(Haglund-a piangsualna)`)
• He ``(Exostosis)'' hi eng nge a chhan ni thei?
• Hei hi paih chhuah nan hian operation ka mamawh dawn em?
• Ka natna lan chhuah dan tur enkawl nan in lamah eng nge ka tih theih ang? (e.g., natna tidamtu, pheikhawk thlak)

`(Exostosis)`, `(Sarcoma)`, `(Osteoma)`, leh `(Osteochondroma)` te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng hmingte hi hriat chuan a buaithlak deuh mai thei. Mahse, a awlsam zawngin i vawng ang u. Heng zawng zawng hi "tumor" chi hrang hrang an ni.

• (Exostosis) leh (Sarcoma) inkar danglamna:

A danglamna lian ber leh pawimawh ber chu ``(Exostosis)`` hi cancer a ni ngai lo tih hi a ni.

Sarcoma hi tumor awm lo mahse malignant tak a ni a, ruh leh a chhehvel connective tissue-ah a lo awm thin. Sarcoma hi ruh emaw tissue cell puitling lo DNA a inthlak (mutation) vang a ni. Chûng DNA inthlâk danglamna ṭhenkhat chuan chu cell-te chu cancer-ah a chantîr a ni.

Chuvang chuan a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan ruhah lump thar i hmuh chuan, a bik takin a na a nih chuan doctor pan nghal rawh. Exostosis hi cancer ni lo mah se, sarcoma ang chi tumor hlauhawm zawk chu hmun inangah a lo awm thei a, a lan chhuah hmasak dan pawh a inang thei bawk.

• (Exostosis) leh (Osteoma) inkar danglamna:

Osteoid osteoma (a then chuan osteoma tia sawi mai mai) hi cancer ni lo ruh natna chi khat a ni.

Hengte hi `(Exostosis)` nen a inang hle. Mahse, `(Osteoid osteoma)` hi ruh sei (ke leh kut ruh sei ang chi) ah a lo thang tlangpui. Kum 5 leh 25 inkar ah an tam ber a, taksa chhung thuk tak atanga lo chhuak dull ache an siam tlangpui a, he natna hi zan lamah a na zual hle.

• (Exostosis) leh (Osteochondroma) inkar danglamna:

Cartilage (kan ruh, beng leh hnar-a awm ruh nêm, hlim thei tak)-in a khuh ruh hmuna exostosis a lo awm chuan osteochondroma an ti a ni. An pahnih hian noncancerous bone tumor an ni. Osteochondroma hi naupang leh puitling naupangte zingah ruh sei tawp lamah a lo awm tlangpui. Naupangte thanna plate (ruh tipungtu leh a hnua ruh khauh lo ni thei cartilage)-ah an lang tam ber.

Osteochondromas chauh lo lo piang chhuak chu solitary osteochondromas an ti a. Naupang thenkhat chuan a rualin osteochondromas tam tak an nei thei bawk. Hei hi a tlangpuiin thlahtute atanga lo chhuak, multiple hereditary osteochondromas an tih vang a ni.

I fa taksaa ruh pakhatah emaw, a bul hnaiah emaw, lump thar i hmuh chuan, a bik takin ruh chu a na a nih chuan Doctor pan rawh.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

I taksaah lump i nei tih i hriat chuan hlauhna tlem i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, `(Exostosis)` chungchangah hian hlau lutuk tur a awm lo. A chhan chu, cancer vei an ni lo. Dik tak chuan i `(Exostosis)` hian natna leh hrehawmna a thlen lo che a nih chuan enkawlna engmah i mamawh lo mai thei. Surgery hmanga lakchhuah pawh nise, a dam kim thei a, hun rei tak chhung nghawng a nei lo.

Mahse, hengte hi theihnghilh suh ang che:

• Ruh chungah emaw, ruh bulah emaw, lump thar emaw, a lo thang thar emaw i hmuh chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan rawh. ``Exostosis'' emaw, natna dang, a na zawk pawh ni thei, dik taka hriat a pawimawh hle.
• Exostosis hi cancer a nih loh avangin tul lova lungngai suh.
• A tam zawkah chuan natna lanchhuahna a awm loh chuan enkawl a ngai lo.
• Enkawl a ngai viau nachungin, hlawhtling taka rah chhuah theih a ni.

Chuvangin, he thu hi in tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei. Hrisel takin awm rawh!

` exostosis, ruh natna, ruh lian, surfer beng, haglund deformity, ruh spur, cancer ni lo tumor