Kan taksa ‘superpower’ (Tumor Suppressor Genes) cancer titawptu hi kan zir tur em ni?

Kan taksa hi machine mak tak a ni. Pawn lam atanga lo chhuak natna laka min vengtu leh taksa chhunga harsatna lo awmte pawh control thei tur defence system tam tak an nei a ni. Chutiang bawkin kan gene-ah hian cancer cells lo thang chak lohna tura puitu "guard" bik a awm bawk. Vawiin hian an chanchin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Heng tumor suppressor genes te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, hengte hi cell-te thunun theih loha an lo thang lian zel tur titawptu gene an ni a, chu chuan cancer a thlen thei a ni. Heng genes te hian protein bik an siam chhuak thin. Heng protein te hi tumor siamna titawptu an ni. Phên dangin sawi ila, heng genes te hian kan taksa chhunga cell te inthen chakna control tu "brake system" angin hna an thawk a ni.

Car i khalh lai kha han mitthla teh. Car tlan chakna control nan brake i mamawh a ni lawm ni? Chutiang chu a ni. Kan taksa chhunga cell te hian an mamawh ang zat an inthen a ngai a, chumi hnuah chuan an mamawh hunah an inthen darh tawh lo. Heng "brake" te hmanna hna hi tumor suppressor genes siam protein te hian an thawk a ni.

Mahse, eng emaw chhan vanga heng genes te hi an inthlak a, chu chu mutation a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang ? Car brake a chhe ang mai a ni. Brake-te hnathawh a chawlhsan chuan cell-te inthen darh tura hrilhtu protein siam chhuah chu a tawp ta a ni. Tichuan cell te chu thunun theih lohvin an inthen tan ta a ni. Chutianga cell inzawmkhawm (clump of cells) chu "tumor" kan tih chu a ni.

Hei vang hian doctor te tan chuan heng tumor suppressor genes te hi hriat chian a pawimawh em em a ni. Heng genes-a mutation awm leh awm loh test hian mi pakhat cancer chhan hriat theihna a pui thei a, cancer hlauhawmna pawh a teh thei bawk.

Heng genes-a mutation hmuh tur lian ber berte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan zirchiangtute chuan cancer venna atana puitu tumor suppressor gene tam tak an hmuchhuak tawh a ni. Heng genes-a mutations hian cancer a thlen thei a ni. Entirna tlemte han thlir ila. He thu hi hriatthiam awlsam zawk nan a hnuaia table-ah hian ka dah a ni.

Heng genes te hian eng hna tak nge an thawh?

Heng genes te hnathawh ber chu cell te inzawmkhawm a, tumor siam lohna tura tihtawp hi a ni. Chu chu engtin nge a lo awm tih hrethiam tur chuan DNA, gene leh cell inlaichinna hi tlem kan hriatthiam a ngai a ni.

Kan taksaa cell tin hi factory te tak te ang mai an ni ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. He factory mamawh instruction zawng zawng hi library lian takah a awm vek a ni. He library hi DNA a ni a .Chu chu. Chu library chhunga lehkhabu awmte chu gene an ti a . Lehkhabu (gene) tin hian taksa mamawh protein engemaw zat siamna tur "recipe" a nei vek a. Chuvangin, tumor suppressor genes tia koh lehkhabuah hian cell te tihpunna tur titawptu protein siam dan recipe a awm a.

Heng genes te hian hna pawimawh engemaw zat an thawk a:

• Cell te chu rang tak leh thunun theih loha inthen darh turin a veng a, chu chuan tumor siamna a thlen thin.
• Cell hlui, chhe tawhte chu hun bituk khatah a thih tir thin. Hei hi taksaa thil awm dan pangngai a ni.
• DNA chhiatna chu siamthat a ni a, chu chuan gene dik lo chu cell thara copy a nih loh nan a veng a ni.
• Kan taksa peng dangah cancer a darh loh nan a pui a ni.

Chuvangin, he gene pakhatah hian inthlak danglamna a awm a nih chuan a siam protein chu a dik lo thei a ni. A nih loh leh protein siam chu a tawp vek thei bawk. Tichuan cell te chuan "tunah hian inthen darh tawh suh" tih thu hi an dawng lo. Chumi rah chhuah chu cell te chu an inthen chhunzawm zel a, cancer tumor an siam ta a ni.

Engvangin nge heng cancer titawptu genes te hi an inthlak danglam?

Mi pakhat tumor suppressor genes a inthlak danglam theih chhan lian tak pahnih a awm.

1. Chhuan hrang hranga rochan

Mi thenkhat chuan heng mutated genes te hi an nu leh pate hnen atangin an rochun thin. Entirnan, Li-Fraumeni syndrome hi TP53 gene mutated copy rochun avanga lo awm a ni. A tlangpuiin gene tin copy pahnih (kan nu hnen atanga pakhat, kan pa hnen atanga pakhat) kan nei thin. Chutiang chuan mutated copy pakhat chauh rochun chuan cancer vei theihna a tipung a ni.

2. Nun chhunga lo awm

Mi tam tak chuan kum upat ruala heng genes inthlak danglamna avang hian cancer an vei thin. Chungte chu:

• Tar chakna nena taksaa thil thleng (natural changes): Machine hlui hmun thenkhat a chhe vek ang bawkin.
• Environment factors: zuk leh hmuam meikhu, chemical chi hrang hrang, emaw radiation emaw nena inzawmna.
• Cell inthen darh laia random errors: Kan taksa hi factory ang mai a ni a, non-stop a thawk a ni. Cell thar siam chhuah zel a ni. A chang chuan he thil kalpui chhung hian tihsual a awm thei bawk. Heng tihsualte hi hun kal zelah a pungkhawm thei a ni.

Heng genes-a inthlak danglamna hriat theihna tur test a awm em?

Ni e, heng tumor suppressor genes-a thil dik lo awmte hriat theihna tur thisen leh hmui test a awm. Mahse hetah hian hriatthiam tur pawimawh tak a awm.

I hriselna leh chhungkaw chanchin ngaihtuah chuan hetiang test hi i mamawh leh mamawh loh chungchangah hian i doctor chauh hian thurawn tha ber a pe thei che a ni. Chuvang chuan Doctor nen sawipui a tha ber.

Tumor Suppressor Genes leh Oncogenes te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng gene pahnih hi cancer thlentuah hian inrawlh mah se, kawng hrang hrangin hna an thawk a ni. Kan car entirnan hi han kir leh ila.

• Tumor Suppressor Genes hi car- a brake pedal ang mai a ni. Cell thanna an titawp thin. Chung gene pakhat a inthlak chuan, chu chu brake a chhiat chuan cell thanna chu tihtawp theih a ni lo tihna a ni.
• Oncogenes hi car chhunga accelerator pedal ang a ni. Cell te chu an thanlenna "speed up" turin an hrilh thin. Chung gene zinga pakhat a inthlak chuan, chu chu accelerator a tlakbuak chuan cell te chu rang tak leh thunun theih lohvin an inthen tan ta tihna a ni.

Heng cancer thlen dan pahnih zinga pakhat emaw, pahnih emaw hian a nghawng thei che a ni. Chu chu, brake a chhe a, accelerator a jam a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang tih i ngaihtuah thei tihna a ni.