I kidney filter hi engtin nge a awm? Glomerular Disease chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

Foamy urine i pass ang maiin i inhriat ngai em? A nih loh leh zing i thawh hian i hmai leh mit vel chu a hring deuh niin i hria em? Hei hi kan kal (kidney)-a filtering system te tak te, glomeruli an tih chungchanga harsatna awm vang pawh a ni thei. Vawiin hian he natna hi Glomerular Disease an tih hi kan sawi dawn a ni.

Glomerular Disease hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Glomerular Disease hi natna thenkhat avanga lo awm a ni a, chu chuan kan kal chhunga thisen kalna kawng te tak te network, kal ‘filtering unit’ ni thin glomeruli a nghawng a ni. Heng glomeruli te hi kan thisen atanga bawlhhlawh filter chhuaktu leh tui tam lutuk paih chhuaktu an ni. Chuvangin, heng glomeruli te hi a chhiat a, hna a thawk tha thei lo a nih chuan Glomerular Disease kan ti thin.

Natna leh dinhmun tam tak hian heng glomeruli te hi a tichhe thei a ni. He chhiatna sawina atan hian thumal pahnih hman a ni a, chungte chu:

• Glomerulonephritis: Hei hi glomeruli inflammation emaw swelling emaw a ni.
• Glomerulosclerosis: Hei hi glomeruli-a scarring emaw thickening emaw a ni.

Glomerular Disease hian i kal a tichhe thei a, a then phei chuan kal a tichhe thei bawk . Chuvangin hei hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle.

Kan kal chhunga heng glomeruli te hian eng nge an tih?

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh: kan kal (kidney) hi kan taksa chhunga filter lian pahnih ang a ni. Heng bean ang chi organ pahnih hi kan ruhro sir lehlamah, kan rib cage hnuai chiahah an awm a.

Thisen hi kan kal (kidney) ah hian arteries hmangin a lut thin. Kidney chhunga an luh hnu chuan heng thisen kalna kawngte hi an inthen darh lehzual a, thisen chu thisen kalna kawng te tak te, mesh ang chi network-ah a luang lut a, chu chu glomeruli an ti a ni. Glomerulus (thumal pakhat) tin hi tui khawlkhawmna kawng te tak te, tubule an tih nen an inzawm a ni. Hei hi glomerulus leh tubule unit pakhat chu nephron kan ti a . Kidney pakhatah hian chutiang nephron maktaduai khat vel a awm niin an sawi. Chutiang system nalh tak chu i ngaihtuah thei em!

Glomeruli tha taka thawk chuan thisen system-a thisen cell leh protein te chu a vawng reng thin. Kan taksa mamawh an nih avangin. Chutih rual chuan glomeruli chuan bawlhhlawh leh tui tam zawk chu a filter a, chu tui chu tubule-ah a thawn chhuak bawk. Chu chu a hnuah zun angin a lo piang ta a ni. Tichuan zun chu ureters an tih tube lian tak takah a kal a, bladder-ah a khawlkhawm ta a ni.

Glomerular disease a lo awm chuan kidney function-ah eng nge thleng?

Tunah chuan he Glomerular Disease hi a lo awm chuan eng nge thleng tih kan en ang. He natna hian Glomeruli a tichhe thin. Tichuan an thawk tha thei lo.

Thil thleng tur chu thisenah hian protein leh thisen sen (red blood cells) te hi a awm reng a ni. Mahse, heng thil thenkhat hi glomeruli chhia atang hian zun ah a chhuak tan thin. Thisena protein pakhat, albumin ang chi hna pakhat chu taksa atanga tui tam zawk thisenah a hruai lut a, chu chu kal (kidney)-in a filter a, zun anga a chhuah theih nan a pui a ni. Chuvangin, thisena protein awm zat a tlahniam chuan he extra fluid hi taksaah a awm khawm tan thin. Chuvangin hmai, kut, ke, pum, leh kekawrte ang chi hmunte chu a hring chhuak thin.

Tin, glomeruli chhia te hian bawlhhlawh an filter tha thei lo bawk. Tichuan chu bawlhhlawh chu thisenah a pung khawm tan ta a ni. Hei hi taksa tan a tha lo tak zet a ni.

Glomerular Disease hi engte nge ni?

Glomerular Disease hi a chhan awm thei engemaw zat a awm. Eng nge an nih i en ang u:

• Infection emaw, damdawi emaw chemical emaw, i kal tichhe thei emaw, damdawi kan ei te pawh hian kal a nghawng thei a ni.
• Taksa pum huap natna, kal (kidney) tichhe thei natna te. Entirnan , zunthlum emaw lupus emaw .
• Natna, nephron emaw glomerulus emaw a hring emaw, a hliam emaw a awm thei.
• A châng chuan, a chhan hmuh theih a ni lo mai thei. Chutiang hun chu a awm thin.

Glomerular Disease natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Awle, tunah chuan he natna lan chhuah dan hi eng nge ni tih i lo en ang u. Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan i ngaihtuah tur a ni:

• Foamy urine: Hei hian i zun chhungah protein a awm tihna a ni. Hei hi proteinuria kan ti a .
• Zun pink emaw light brown emaw: Hei hian zun chhungah thisen a awm tihna a ni. Hei hi hematuria an ti a .
• Hmai/mit vel (a bik takin zing lamah), kut, ke, emaw ke ruh (a bik takin ni tawp lamah) vel a hring. He hliam hi edema an ti a .
• Thisen sang (Hypertension).

Hetiang symptoms i neih chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur leh thurawn lak hi a tha ber.

Engtin nge doctor-te hian he natna hi dik taka an hriat theih?

Doctor i pan chuan i natna lan chhuah dan an zawt hmasa ang che a, uluk takin an enfiah ang che. Tichuan test thenkhat an ti thei a, chungte chu:

• Urinalysis tih dan tur: 1.1.Hei hian zun chhunga protein level te, red blood cells awm leh awm loh te, white blood cell level te a enfiah thin (hei hian infection emaw inflammation emaw a awm leh awm loh hriat nan a pui thei a ni).
• Thisen test: Hengte hian thisena protein level hniam, creatinine level (kidney hnathawh dan tur ngaihtuahna pe thei), leh urea nitrogen level (a bawlhhlawh) te an enfiah thin. Tin , Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) , i kal (kidney)-in bawlhhlawh a filter that dan tehna a ni bawk.

Heng lab test-te hian i kal (kidney) a chhiat tih a hriat chuan i doctor chuan test dang neih belh turin a ti thei ang:

• Thisen test dang: Infection emaw autoimmune disease emaw a awm leh awm loh enfiah nan.
• Imaging test: Ultrasound ang chi test hian kal pianzia leh a lian zawnga thil danglam a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei a.
• Kidney Biopsy: Hei hian kal atanga tissue te tak te chu needle hmanga lak a, microscope hmanga en a ni. Chu chuan eng nge dik lo tih chiang taka hriat theih nân a ṭanpui ang.

Glomerular Disease thlentu dinhmun hrang hrang leh enkawlna hrang hrang

Natna tam tak hian Glomerular Disease a thlen thei. Enkawlna tum ber chu a chhan bulpui zawng chhuah a, a theih chuan enkawl hi a ni. Hei hian kal (kidney) a tihchhiat belh zel tur a veng thei a ni. Tunah hian Glomerular Disease thlentu natna lian ber ber thenkhat, entirnan leh enkawl dan tur te nen han thlir ila.

Autoimmune Natna te

Heng natnate hi i taksa invenna (immune system) in i taksa ngei a beih nasat em emna natna a ni. Heng natnate hian taksa pumpui a nghawng thei a, taksa peng thenkhat chauh a nghawng thei bawk. Kidney tichhe thei autoimmune natna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (lupus tia hriat mai mai): He autoimmune natna hian taksa peng tam tak a nghawng thei a ni. Kidney a nghawng chuan lupus nephritis tih natna a thlen thin. Hei hi glomeruli inflammation a ni. He inflammation hian scarring a siam a, kal (kidney) te pawh a thawk tha tawh lo. Enkawlna atan hian immunosuppressive drugs Mycophenolate Mofetil emaw Cyclophosphamide te bakah corticosteroid Prednisolone tih te pawh a tel a ni .
• Goodpasture-a natna hrik (Syndrome):He autoimmune natna hian kal leh lung a bei thin. Kidney-ah chuan glomerulonephritis a thlen a, chu chu glomeruli inflammation a ni. Hei hian kal (kidney) a tichhe vek thei a ni. Enkawlnaah hian immunosuppressive drugs leh plasmapheresis ( i taksa ngeia beitu antibodies te paih chhuaktu) te a tel a ni.
• IgA Nephropathy: He autoimmune natna ah hian i immune system atanga antibody Immunoglobulin A (IgA) tih chu glomeruli ah a insiam lut thin. Heng deposit te hian inflammation a thlen thin. Enkawlnaah hian damdawi Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) emaw Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) emaw te pawh a tel a ni.

Hereditary Nephritis atanga lo chhuak a ni

• Alport Syndrome: Hei hi thlahtute atanga lo piang a ni. Chronic glomerular disease bakah hian hriatna emaw mitdelna emaw a thlen thei bawk. Hmeichhia leh mipa a nghawng a ni. Mipa hian kal natna khirh tak (chronic kidney disease) an nei tam zawk. Kum sawmhnih vel an nih chuan hmuhchhuah theih a ni. Kum 40 an tlin chuan kal (kidney) chu a thawk tha lo vek thei a ni. Thisen sang control nana damdawi te hi a enkawlna a ni.

Infection kaihhnawih Glomerular Disease

A châng chuan taksa hmun danga hri kai hnuah glomerular disease hi a lo awm thuai thei ṭhin.

• Acute Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN): He glomerular natna hi rilru natna (Strep throat) emaw, vun natna Impetigo an tih (hei hi a awm lo) hnuah a lo awm thin. Immune system hian natna dona atan a tul aia tam antibody a siam chhuak thin. Heng antibodies te hi kal a, glomeruli ah an deposit a, an tichhia a ni. A tam zawkah chuan enkawlna bik a ngai lo. Mahse, a tlem berah chuan kal dialysis emaw, kal thlak emaw a ngai mai thei.
• Bacterial Endocarditis: Hei hi thinlung chhunga natna hrik awm a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan kal (kidney)-a hliam awmte hi immune system-in natna a kai chhan emaw, natna dang emaw avanga lo awm a ni tih an la chiang lo. Enkawlna atan antibiotics pek thin a ni.
• Virus: Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C lehGlomerular natna hi Viral infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vang pawh a ni thei. Natna tin atan hian enkawlna bik a awm a.

Sclerotic Diseases - Natna chi hrang hrang, hliam tuar thei

• Glomerulosclerosis: He natna hi glomeruli-a hliam (sclerosis) a ni. Lupus leh zunthlum hi glomerulosclerosis thlen thei natna entir nan pahnih a ni.
• Diabetes-related Nephropathy: Hei hi United States-ah chuan glomerular disease leh total kidney failure thlentu lian ber a ni. Diabetes kaihhnawih nephropathy hian kal (kidney)-ah hliam a siam a, glucose level a tisang bawk. Glucose hian kal (kidney)-a thisen kal a tipung a, glomeruli filtration function-ah harsatna a siam a, thisen sang a tisang bawk. Enkawlna tlangpui chu thisen sang damdawi (a bik takin angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) emaw angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ), exercise, leh ei leh in hrisel te a ni.
• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): He natna hi glomerulus hmun khatah hliam (a tlangpuiin) a awm thin. FSGS hi systemic disease vang emaw, a chhan hriat loh vang emaw a ni thei. Enkawlna hian thisen sang leh cholesterol level tihhniam a tum a ni.

Glomerular Natna dangte

• Membranous Nephropathy: Hetiang natna hi Membranous Glomerulopathy an ti bawk. United States-ah hian puitling zingah nephropathy vei tam ber pahnihna a ni a, zunthlum kaihhnawih nephropathy hnuaiah a awm. Target antigen/antibodies thenkhat nen a inzawm a ni . Hetiang dinhmun hian glomeruli membrane layer a bei thin. Mi thenkhat chu enkawl ngai lovin an dam leh thin. Damdawi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitors) , angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , emaw calcineurin inhibitor te hi a chang chuan an enchhin thin.
• Minimal Change Disease (MCD): Hei hi Nephropathy chi khat a ni. Hemiah hian kidney biopsy-a enfiah a nih chuan glomeruli emaw a chhehvel tissue emaw structure-ah danglamna a awm lo tluk a ni. Lipids (thau chi hrang hrang) .Dropsy a awm thei a, mahse kidney chhiatna a awm lo. MCD hi kum eng pawhah a lo awm thei a, mahse naupang tê têah a tam ber. Enkawlnaah hian chi tlem ei leh ACE inhibitor emaw ARBs emaw a tel a ni. Steroid hian a dinhmun a ti tha fo thin.

Glomerular natna hian kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei em?

Ni e, i kal (kidney) hian i thisen atanga bawlhhlawh a paih chhuak thei lo a nih chuan i taksaah a pungkhawm thin. He build-up hian i kal (kidney) a tichhe thei a, hnathawh a titawp thei bawk. Hetianga hnathawh hloh hi a thleng nghal thei (acute) emaw, zawi zawiin a thleng chhunzawm zel (chronic) emaw a ni thei. Glomerular natna chi hrang hrang a zirin ni emaw kar emaw chhungin kal hnathawh a bo thei a, a bo zauh zauh theih nan kum sawm tam tak a ngai thei bawk.

• Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Hei hi kal hnathawh hloh nghal mai a ni. ARF hian nunna a tichhe thei a, kidney hnathawh that leh nan emergency treatment atan dialysis a ngai thei bawk. Mi thenkhat tan chuan kal that lohna chhan enkawl a nih hnuah kal hnathawh a lo kir leh thin. Chhiatna nghet tak a awm lo. Mahse, mi thenkhat ARF atanga dam leh chuan a hnuah chronic kidney disease (CKD) an nei thei a ni.
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Hei hi kal hnathawh chak lohna zawi zawiin, zawi zawiin a tlahniam a ni. Kum tam tak chhung chu symptoms i nei lo mai thei. CKD thlentu natna thenkhat chu thunun theih a ni a, mahse CKD hi tihdam theih a ni lo. Vawikhat kal a chhiat tawh chuan siamthat theih a ni tawh lo. CKD hian kal (kidney failure) a thlen thei a ni.
• Total Kidney Failure: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) an ti bawk. Hei hian i kal (kidney) te chu a thawk thei tawh lo tihna a ni. Total kidney failure i neih chuan i dam theih nan dialysis - hemodialysis emaw peritoneal dialysis emaw - emaw kidney transplant emaw i mamawh ang.

Glomerular Disease ka neih chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

A hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl hmasak hi result tha ber neih theihna tur kawng tha ber a ni fo thin. Enkawlna tum ber chu kal chhiatna ven emaw, a kal zel dan tur control emaw a ni. Hriat hmasak chuan a ṭanpui thei tih hre reng ang che. A chhiatna a nasat a, kal a chhiat chuan dialysis emaw kal thlak emaw chauh a ni.

Glomerular Disease hi ven theih a ni em?

I kal (kidney) tichhe thei natna i vei theihna tur tihtlem nan leh hrisel taka awm theihna turin nunphung tihdanglam theih engemaw zat a awm. Chung zingah chuan:

• I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh.
• Chi ei tamna tihtlem; chaw eiah hian chi (extra salt) dah suh.
• I thisen sang kha control la. Target chu 120/80 mmHg a ni.
• Zunthlum i vei chuan i thisen sugar level control la.
• I doctor-in damdawi a pek zawng zawng chu a pek ang chiah chiah ei la, a nena an sawiho tawh management goal zawng zawng chu zawm vek rawh.
• Meizial zuk kha bansan rawh.

Glomerular natna thlentu zawng zawng hi ven theih a ni lo. Mahse, glomerular disease symptoms i hriat tan meuh chuan doctor pan rawh. Enkawl theih chhan zawng chhuakin a rang thei ang bera enkawl tan a pawimawh. Enkawlna hian i kal chhiatna chu a thunun thei a, a na zual loh nan a pui thei bawk.

Nephrosis emaw Nephrotic Syndrome emaw hi eng nge ni?

Nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome tia hriat bawk hi natna lan chhuah dan hrang hrang inzawmkhawm a ni. Thisenah hian protein tam tak chu zun-ah a chhuak thin. Hei hian taksaah tui a khawlkhawm thin. A lan chhuah dan chu:

• Swelling (edema), a bik takin mit, ke leh kut vel.
• Thisen sang a sang.
• Cholesterol level sang tak a awm.
• Thisenah protein level a tlahniam.
• Zun chhunga protein level a sang.

Enkawlna tum ber chu a chhan bulpui enkawl hi a ni a, a theih chuan. Enkawlna atan hian:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) emaw angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) te hi thisen sang control nan leh protein zun chhunga lut tur tihtawp nan pek thin a ni.
• I ei leh in ah chi (salt) tihtlem rawh.
• Diuretics hi taksaa tui awm zat tihtlem nan pek thin a ni.
• Corticosteroid emaw immune-suppressing damdawi dang emaw pek thin a ni.
• Cholesterol level tihhniam nan damdawi pek thin a ni.
• Autoimmune disease i neih chuan plasmapheresis hmangin i taksa ngeia beitu antibodies te chu paih chhuah a ni.

Nephrosis awm chhan bulpui ber chu kal natna a nih chuan tihdam theih a ni lo. Kidney-a glomeruli te hian hna a thawk tha lo a, bawlhhlawh leh tui thisenah a pung khawm thin. Kidney a fail thin. Natna a zual deuh chuan enkawlna chu dialysis emaw, kal thlak emaw a ni.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Glomerular Disease chhinchhiahna emaw, symptom emaw i neih chuan, emaw, i hriselnaah danglamna i hmuh chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni. Thil tenau ber pawh ngaihthah suh, a chhan chu i hriat hma poh leh enkawl a awlsam zawk.

Natna leh dinhmun hrang hrang hian i kal (kidney) chhunga glomeruli te chu a tichhe thei a ni. I taksa fimkhur a pawimawh a, chutiang chuan a danglamna i hmuh chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor i pan thei ang.

He thuziak atanga hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuti a nih chuan tunah chuan kan sawi thin kha i hrethiam tawh a, Glomerular Disease. Thil pawimawh tak tak hriat reng tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Glomerular disease hi kal chhunga filtering unit (glomeruli) chhiat avanga lo awm a ni.
• Zun foam, zun chhunga thisen, hring, leh thisen sang te ang chi symptoms te chu fimkhur rawh. Hengte hi i hriat chian chuan Doctor pan nghal rawh.
• Diabetes leh hypertension ang chi natna i neih chuan i kal venhim nan uluk taka control a pawimawh hle.
• Natna hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan, enkawlnain kal (kidney) a tihchhiatna chu a thunun thei a ni. Chuvangin symptoms engmah ngaihthah suh.
• Nunphung hrisel (ei leh in tha, exercise, leh meizuk loh) vawn reng hian heng natna chi hrang hrang lakah hian a venghim thei a ni.

I kal (kidney) hi i taksa peng pawimawh ber pahnih a ni. Anmahni enkawl rawh. Harsatna i neih chuan Doctor biak pawh hlau suh, okay?

` Kal natna, Glomerular disease, Glomerular disease, Kidney filtration, Glomeruli, Protein in zun, Thisen in zun, Taksa na, Thisen sang, Kidney failure, Nephrosis