He bacteria mak tak hian i lung pawh a nghawng em? (NTM Lung Disease) Chipchiar takin sawi ila!

Bacteria chi khat `Nontuberculous Mycobacteria` (NTM) an tih, lung natna thlentu i hre tawh em? Hei hi a tlem deuh a, mi zawng zawngin kan vei loh natna a ni lo tihna a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, he NTM lung natna an tih hi heng NTM tia koh natna hrik te hi kan lungah an luh a, chutah chuan natna an thlen hian a lo awm thin. He hming hi i tan chuan a thar deuh pawh a ni mai thei, mahse lungngai suh, vawiinah hian he thu hi chipchiar takin kan sawi dawn a, Sinhala tawngin i hriatthiam theih ang.

He NTM lung natna hi eng nge ni? Type a awm em?

Okay, tunah chuan he NTM lung natna hi eng nge a nih, chi hrang hrang a awm em tih i en ang u. Hei hi infection a ni a, lung chauh a nghawng a ni. Hei hi chi hnih lian tak kan hmu a:

1. Nodular bronchiectasis: Hei hi natna chi khat a ni a, a na lo hle bawk . A bik takin, lungah hian nodules te te (lump te te) a lo awm a, chu chuan bronchi a tizau (bronchiectasis) a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi postmenopausal hmeichhia (i.e., thlasik nei tawh lote) leh zu in lote zingah a tam zawk . A na lo hle nachungin, enkawl loh chuan harsatna a thlen thei a ni.

2. Cavitary NTM lung natna: Hei hi a hmaa natna chi hrang hrang aiin a na zawk a ni. I lung tissue-a cavities, a nih loh leh holes, a lo awm zauh zauh thin hi a ni. I lung chhunga hmun te tak te, hrui hring (hollow space) angin ngaihtuah rawh. Chutianga a kal zel chuan thawk a harsa zual a , thawk lama harsatna a thlen thei bawk . Hetiang chi hi zu in mi te, kum tam tak zu in tawh te, emaw, lung natna dang, emphysema ang chi nei te tan a tam zawk a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan he NTM hi eng nge ni?

Tunah chuan NTM hi eng bacteria nge a nih tih i ngaihtuah mai thei. `Nontuberculous mycobacteria` (NTM) hi bacteria chhungkua a ni a, zawi zawiin an thang lian a, chu chu an pung lo va, an thang chak lo tihna a ni. Mak tak maiin kan chhehvelah hian hmun tinah an awm a. Entîr nân, heng bacteria te hi leiah te, tuiah te (luiah te, luiah te, tap tuiah te pawh), leh leivutah te hmuh tur a awm thei a ni . Chuvang chuan an laka zalenna famkim chu kan tan chuan thil theih loh a ni.

Heng NTM bacteria chungchanga thil danglam tak dang chu disinfectant hman tlanglawn tak lakah an do thei a ni . Chu bakah, heng NTM bacteria te hian bacteria chi dang tihlum thei tur khawpa lumna sang tak tuar theihna mak tak an nei bawk. Chumi awmzia chu tui lum-a sil mai pawh nise an thi lo tihna a ni.

He natna vei nasat dan te, a enkawlna pek dan te, a dam leh zat te hi thil pawimawh pahnih atanga teh a ni. Pakhat chu, .He natna hrik thlentu bacteria chi hrang hrang (`strain`) hi eng nge ni? A dang chu natna hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh `nodular bronchiectatic` emaw `cavitary` emaw a ni em tih hi a ni. NTM chhungkuaah hian bacteria chi hrang hrang awm mah se, mihringah hian lung natna thlentu chi hrang hrang lian tak tak a awm a:

• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): United States ang ramah chuan NTM lung natna hi he bacteria pawl vang hian a awm fo thin.
• Mycobacterium abscessus: Hei hi a na zawk leh enkawl harsa zawk type a ni bawk.
• `Mycobacterium kansasii`: Hei hi a danglamna dang a ni.

Tute nge NTM lung natna vei tam zawk?

Mi zawng zawng hi NTM bacteria vangin an damlo vek lo. Mahse, mi ṭhenkhat chuan he natna hi an vei tam zawk a, a nih loh leh an hlauhawmna a sang zawk . Chu chu, predisposing condition thenkhat nei te chu an nghawng thei tihna a ni. A bik takin lung natna dang i neih chuan NTM lung infection i vei tam zawk. Ngaihtuah tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Recurrent pneumonia: Mi thenkhat chuan lung natna an nei fo thin. Hei hi `aspirate pneumonia` ang chi natna nei tan chuan a dik hle a, chutah chuan kan thawk thil (ei leh in ang chi) te chu kan lung chhungah a lut thei a, a kai thei a ni
• Asthma: Hei hi mi tam tak zingah pawh a awm fo. Asthma hian lung chhunga thawkna kawngte chu a ti sensitive a, NTM infection lakah a hlauhawm hle.
• Bronchiectasis: Hei hi NTM lung natna vei theihna chhan ber niin an sawi. Chutah chuan lung chhunga bronchi ( thawkna kawng) te chu a nghetin a zau a, a zau a, an bang te chu a chak lo ta a ni. Hei hian mucus a ti awlsam a, bacteria te tan boruak tha tak a siam a ni.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Hei hi lung natna khirh tak a ni a, meizu mite zingah a awm fo thin.
• Cystic fibrosis: Hei hi genetic natna a ni. Tin, lungah mucus thick tak tak a siam bawk a, chu chuan natna hrik a thlen thin.
• Lung cancer: Lung cancer vei lung a chak loh avangin NTM ang infection hi awlsam takin a lo awm thei a ni.
• Tuberculosis (TB): Tun hmaa TB vei tawh leh an lung tichhe tawhte pawhin NTM vei an hlauhawm hle.

Chu bakah, kum 65 aia upa i nih chuan , emaw, i taksa hriselna tichak lo thei damdawi lam harsatna i neih chuan (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / AIDS , rheumatoid arthritis - natna, ruh natna thlentu,Sjögren’s syndrome (mit leh hmui vawt ang chi symptoms thlentu) i neih chuan, emaw , immune system titawp thei damdawi (e.g., chemotherapy , inhaled corticosteroids for asthma ang chi natna) i ei a nih chuan, NTM lung natna vei theihna a sang hle bawk.

NTM lung natna lan chhuah dan engte nge ni?

Okay, tunah chuan he NTM lung natna a lo awm hian eng symptoms nge a lan tih kan en ang. A lan chhuah dan ber chu khuh a ni . He khuh hi khawsik pangngai nena lo awm khuh ang mai a ni lo. Chumi chu:

• Hun rei tak chhung atan pawh a ni thei . Chu chu kar tam tak emaw thla tam tak emaw a daih thei tihna a ni.
• A châng chuan, i khuh hian, thisen tlem tê pawh i rawn chhuak thei a, chu chu mucus . Hei hi damdawi lam tawngin `hemoptysis` an ti a.
• Khuh hi a nasat em avangin zanah i muhil thei lo. I mut laiin khuh nen i harh mai thei.
• Mucus thick, rawng hrang hrang pawh a chhuak thei .

He khuh bakah hian symptom dang a awm thei bawk. Mi zawng zawng hian heng symptoms zawng zawng hi an nei vek dawn lo va, mahse heng zinga thenkhat hi i nei ve mai thei:

• Chest pain: I thawk emaw, i khuh emaw hian i rilruah natna i nei thei.
• Chau lutuk/chau lutuk: Chauh mai ni lovin, eng thil pawh ti la, tanpui theih loh anga inhriatna.
• Anorexia: Chaw ei duhna hloh.
• Low-grade fever with malaise: Khawsik sang tak a ni lo va, mahse taksa lumna erawh a sang reng thung.
• Zan lama thawmhnaw: I mut laiin i taksa pum puiah thawmhnaw nen i harh a.
• Thluak lam natna a awm fo: Pneumonia ang chi natna hi thla engemaw zat danah a awm thin.
• Thâwk harsa (dyspnea): Thawhrimna tlem emaw, stairs chhoh lai emaw pawhin thawk harsa.
• Sawifiah loha taksa rihna tihtlem: Diet hmang lovin rang taka taksa rihna tihtlem.
• Thâwk lak laiin thawm ri: Thâwk ri a awm a.

A pawimawh ber chu heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni a, a bik takin khuh chhunzawm zel i neih chuan.

NTM lung natna hi a kai theih em?

Hei hi mi tam takin an zawh leh hriat duh tak a ni. Dik tak chuan NTM bacteria hi mi pakhat atanga mi dang hnena kai theih a ni lo. Chumi awmzia chu NTM pneumonia nei mi i biak emaw, an hman cup atanga i in emaw chuan i nei lo tihna a ni. Chuvangin, tunah hian hei hi natna hrik kai theih a ni lo tih pawm a ni .

Mahse, thil pakhat a awm. Genetic disease ``cystic fibrosis`` vei zingah hian infection thenkhat (zirchiangtute chuan heng NTM infection te pawh hi an zingah an tel ve em tih an la chhui mek) hi a darh tam lo hle. Amaherawhchu, mipui nawlpui zingah chuan NTM lung natna darh zel hi hlauh tur a awm lo.

Engtin nge NTM lung natna hi dik taka hriat theih?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan NTM lung natna hriatchhuah hi a harsa thei hle a , a chhan chu a symptoms hi non-specific a nih vang a ni. Chu chu, lung natna dang, a tam zawk (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis) te nen an inang hle tihna a ni.

Diagnosis siam tur chuan thil pathum tal tihhlawhtlin a ngai a ni:

1. A lan chhuah dan: A hmaa kan sawi tawh ang chi natna lanchhuahna khuh leh thawk harsa.

2. Chest X-ray emaw CT scan-a inthlak danglamna: Heng test-te hian lung chhunga nodules, cavities emaw bronchiectasis emaw a awm tih an enfiah thin.

3. Sputum sample-a NTM bacteria than dan: I khuh chhuah (saliva nena inhmeh pawh a ni thei) chu la in laboratory-ah NTM bacteria a awm em tih leh a chhungah a thang lian em tih enfiah a ni.

Infection i neih chuan eng NTM bacteria chi nge a thlen tih chiang taka hriat chu enkawlna atan a pawimawh hle.

Chumi atana test tih thenkhat chu:

• Taksa enfiah: Doctor chuan i natna lan chhuah dan a zawt ang a, i rilru chu stethoscope hmangin a ngaithla ang.
• Imaging study: Chest X-ray emaw CT scan hmanga lung tissue inthlak danglamna tehna. X-ray aiin CT scan hian thlalak chiang zawk a pe thei a ni.
• Sputum culture: Hei hi test pawimawh ber a ni. Zing lamah i ha i silfai hmain i khuh chhuah a ngai ang a, chu chu special bottle-ah i dah a ngai ang. Test dikna tihpun nan chuan sample chu ni engemaw zat (a tlangpuiin ni thum tal) pek a ngai ang. A châng chuan, sputum i khuh ṭha thei lo a nih chuan, i doctor chuan i lung chhunga thawkna kawng tenau zâwk aṭangin bronchoscopy an tih angin sample a la thei a ni. Chumi hnuah specialist chuan microscope hmangin sample chu a enfiah ang a, bacteria chu a culture ang.
• Lung biopsy: Hei hi mi zawng zawng tan tih a ni lo. Sputum test emaw, test dang emaw atanga thutlukna chiang tak siam theih a nih loh chuan emaw, natna dang rinhlelhna a awm chuan lung atanga tissue te tak te la chhuakin an enfiah thin.

NTM test chungchangah eng nge i hriat belh ngai?

NTM testing chungchangah hian hriat tur pawimawh tak pakhat a awm. Mi tam takin he natna hi an hriat chhuah hma kum tam tak chhung an nei a.He NTM lung natna hi a awm thei a ni. A chhan chu a lan chhuah dan a lo lang zauh zauh a, mi thenkhat chuan an ngaihven lo. He natna hi i vei rei poh leh i lung a tichhia a, harsatna i neih theihna a sang zawk bawk.

Lung natna dang (e.g. asthma, COPD) avanga enkawl i nih tawh a, mahse i natna lan chhuah dan (khuh, thawk hah ang chi) a zual zel a nih chuan NTM infection test i nih chuan i hlawkpui thei ang. Hemi chungchang hi i doctor hnenah hrilh ngei ang che.

He natna enkawlna tha ber chu he natna chungchanga hriatna leh tawnhriat bik nei doctor-te hnen atanga lo chhuak a ni. Entirnan , pulmonologist leh natna hrik kai thei doctor te .

NTM lung natna hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Awle, tunah chuan hei hi enkawl dan tur kan sawi dawn nia. I tana tha tur enkawlna chu thil tlemteah a innghat a ni. Chung zingah chuan i natna thlentu NTM bacteria chi hrang hrang , NTM lung natna chi hrang hrang i neih (nodular bronchiectatic emaw cavitary) , leh i hriselna chanchin zawng zawng leh tuna i hriselna dinhmun te a tel a ni.

A tlangpuiin, hei hi enkawlna ber chu antibiotics a ni . Mahse hei hi damdawi ni sarih emaw ni riat emaw i ei hnua i chawlhsan mai mai a ni lo. Heng antibiotics te hi thla engemaw zat, a châng chuan kum khat emaw, a aia rei emaw pawh ei chhunzawm zel a ngai a ni . Vawi tam tak chu antibiotic pakhat chauh ni lovin, antibiotic chi hnih emaw pathum emaw ei dun a ngai thin .

Natna na tak, chu chu lung a chhiat nasa hle a, khur (cavities) a lo awm tihna a ni a, a chang chuan lung tissue hri kai chu lakchhuah nan operation neih a ngai thei bawk. Mahse, hei hi mi zawng zawng tan tih a ni lo. Antibiotics hian i natna a thunun tha lo a nih chuan, a nih loh leh antibiotics-in a nghawng tha lo i tuar thei lo a nih chuan doctor-te chuan zai hi an ngaihtuah zawk a ni. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection nei te hian he natna avang hian lung atanga thisen an chhuak thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan thisen chhuah tihtawp nan operation neih a ngai mai thei.

NTM enkawlna hian side effect a nei em?

Ni e, hei pawh hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. Hun rei tak, chu chu thla tam tak chhung antibiotics ei hian nghawng \ha lo engemaw zat a nei thei a ni . Side effects awm tam ber chu:

• Luak chhuak leh luak chhuak
• Diarrhea (ril a na) .
• Chaw chakna
• Pum a na

Tin, antibiotics thenkhat (a zawng zawng ni lo) hian hriatna a tidanglam thei (hriatna tlahniam ang chi), mit hmuhna a tidanglam (mit fiah lo ang chi), thin a tichhe thei a, vun a ti na thei bawk.Chutiang thil chu a thleng tlem thei hle.

Lungngai suh! I doctor chuan heng side effects te hi a hriattir ang che. Tin, enkawl lai hian i thisen test te, mit test te, leh hriatna test te chu heng side effects te enfiah nan tih fo thin a ni bawk ang.

Heng harsatnate hian nitin hna thawh a harsat phah thei a ni. Amaherawhchu, i enkawl chhunzawm harsat a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hrilh ngei ngei tur a ni. I doctor chuan a dose a thlak thei a, damdawi dang a pe thei a, a side effects enkawl dan dang pawh a hmang thei bawk. Doctor nen inbia lovin antibiotics ei hi bansan ngai suh. Chutianga i tih chuan bacteria chu damdawi lakah a do thei a, chu chuan i dinhmun a ti na zual thei a ni.

NTM lung natna hi a veng thei ang em?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan NTM bacteria hi kan chhehvela hmun tinah a awm em avangin kan invenna hi pumpelh vek a harsa hle. Mahse, NTM lung infection i vei theihna tur tihtlem nan thil awlsam tak tak i tih theih a awm a:

• Faina tha ti rawh: Sahbawn leh tui hmanga kut uluk taka sil hian NTM bacteria ang chi hrik darh zel tur a thunun thei a ni. Tin, bacteria i tawrh chuan natna kai theihna a ti tlem bawk.
• Vaccine lak: Kum tin flu vaccine lak a pawimawh a, doctor-in a tih angin pneumonia vaccine lak a pawimawh bawk. A chhan chu flu emaw pneumonia emaw i vei chuan NTM lung natna atanga dam lehna chu a buaithlak zawk thei a, i lung pawh a chak lo lehzual thei bawk.
• Meizial zu leh zuk leh hmuam bansan vek rawh: Zuk leh hmuam hman hian lung tan a tichhe hle. Lung natna leh NTM ang chi natna hrik kai theihna nasa takin a tipung a ni. Meizial zu mi i nih chuan bânsan hi i lung tan i tih theih ṭha ber a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian tanpuina i mamawh chuan doctor nen inbia ang che.

NTM lung natna vei te hmalam hun eng nge ni ang?

Hei hi mimal dinhmunah a innghat nasa hle. Mahse, mi tam tak, a bik takin `non-cavitary` (non-cavity, chu chu lung chhunga khur awm lo tihna) chi natna nei te chu an dam chhuak vek a ni. I dam leh theihna chance leh speed chu thil hrang hrangah a innghat a ni:

• NTM lung natna i neih chi hrang hrang (e.g., nodular bronchiectasis emaw cavitary?).
• NTM bacteria chi khat, natna kai chhan chu eng nge ni? (Strain thenkhat chuan enkawlna an dawng tha zawk a, a dang aiin.)
• I hriselna chanchin zawng zawng (natna dang, immune system, etc. ang chi).
• Hun rei tak chhunga antibiotic enkawlna i tuar thei em tih (side effects avanga damdawi ei kha i chawlhsan a ngai a nih chuan harsatna a awm).
• Tin, antibiotic damdawi dik tak, i natna leh bacteria chi hrang hrang nena inmil tak i dawng bawk ang.
• Bronchiectasis i neih chuan airway clearance treatment (mucus clear nana exercise ang chi) tih theihna leh i tih duhna hi a pawimawh hle.

Pawimawh: Enkawlna hlawhtling mah se, mi thenkhat chuan NTM lung natna vawi khat emaw a aia tam emaw an nei leh thei. Chuvang chuan a natna lan chhuah dan fimkhur a, doctor thupek zawm a pawimawh hle.

NTM lung natna neia kan nun hian eng nge pawimawh?

NTM bacteria avanga lung infection neia nun hi a chang chuan a harsa deuh thei. Mahse, a theih ang anga hrisel leh hahdam taka awm theihna tura i tih theih thil awlsam leh tangkai tak tak a awm a:

• Moisture leh steam pumpelh: NTM bacteria hi boruak lum takah an thang lian thin. Chuvangin, a theih ang angin hot tub, spa, leh sauna te chu pumpelh rawh. Kitchen emaw bathroom-a i awm chuan steam a lo pun chuan `ventilation fan` / `exhaust fan` on rawh. Shower i lak dawnin tui chu rei lutuk lo la, bathroom chu steam in luah khat rawh.
• Ei leh in tha tak ei rawh: I ei leh in inthlau leh tha tak i neih chuan i taksain natna hrik dona atana a mamawh chakna leh ei tur tha a pe ang. I eitur ah hian protein (nga, sa, artui, bawnghnute, nut), tui (tui, soup, thei tui), leh thlai leh thei tam tak telh la.
• I doctor-in a rawt exercise ti rawh: Taksa tih awlsam (kea kal ang chi) hian i lung chhunga mucus a tizau thei a, khuh pawh a ti awlsam thei bawk. I chakna leh chhelna a tipung thei bawk. Mahse, i doctor emaw, physical therapist emaw hnenah i tana tha tur exercise chungchang zawt rawh.
• A tul chuan face mask vuah rawh: NTM bacteria te hi leivut leh leia an awm theih avangin , lawn thar, landscaped thar, lo, leh leivut awmna hmun tlawh hunah face mask vuah hian NTM nena inzawmna chhunzawm zel chu eng emaw chen chu a tihtlem thei a ni.

He thuchah hi in lamah i hruai ang u.

Okay, chuvang chuan NTM lung natna chungchang hi kan sawi nasa hle. Thutawp atan chuan i hriat reng tur pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

NTM lung natna hi kan chhehvêla awm, lei leh tui ang chi, a lo thang chak lo (`Nontuberculous Mycobacteria`) chi khat avanga lung natna a ni. Lung natna dang (a bik takin `Bronchiectasis`) nei te leh taksa hriselna chak lo nei te chuan he natna hi an vei tam zawk.

A natna hriatchhuah leh enkawl chu a harsa thei hle a, a lan chhuah dan chu lung natna dang nen a inang a, enkawl hian hun rei tak a daih thei a ni. Engpawhnise,Mi tam tak chuan damdawi lam enkawlna leh thurawn mumal tak hmangin an dam kim thei a ni.

He natna hi i vei a nih chuan, emaw, vei hlauhawma i inhriat chuan, boruak lum loh te, faina tha tak vawn te, a tul chuan leivut awmna hmuna pawn lama i chhuah dawna face mask vuah te hi a \angkai hle thei a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu khuh chhunzawm zel, thisen chhuak phlegm, thawk hah, emaw, sawifiah theih loha i taksa rihna tlahniam ang chi symptom i neih chuan thil random anga ngaih mai lovin, doctor thiam tak hnenah thurawn dil nghal rawh. Lungngai suh, uluk taka enfiah leh enkawl a nih chuan he natna hi uluk taka control theih a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo va, doctor-te pawhin tanpui turin an awm reng a ni.

` NTM lung natna, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, lung infection, bacteria, thawkna lam natna, khuh, antibiotics