I naupang tê mit chu a var ta em ni? Retinoblastoma a ni thei ang em?

I fate mitmeng chu ring dum chhungah hian hmun dum a awm tih i hmu ngai em, thlalak-a ui mit a hrual ang mai hian? A nih loh leh a chang chuan mit pakhat chu a dang lam hawiin tlem a inher ang maiin a lang em? Chûngte chu a châng chuan thil tê tê chauh ni lovin a tam thei a ni. Vawiin hian chutiang thil chu kan sawi dawn a, a bik takin mit cancer chi khat, naupang tê tête zingah a awm ṭhin. Hei hi doctor ten `(Retinoblastoma)` an tih chu a ni. Ngaihtuah buai suh, thumal awlsam takin engkim kan sawi dawn a ni.

`(Retinoblastoma)` tih hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, `(Retinoblastoma)` hi cancer chi khat a ni a, kan mit hnung lama light-sensitive cells layer atanga intan a ni. He layer hi retina kan ti bawk. Camera-a film ang maiin a thawk a, kan thil hmuh thlalak hi hetah hian record hmasak ber a ni. Chuvangin, `(Retinoblastoma)` hi naupang tê tête mit cancer chi khat a ni ber.

Mit pakhat chauh a nghawng thei a, mahse naupang thenkhat chuan mit pahnih an nei thei. Statistically chuan retinoblastoma vei mi pali zinga pakhat vel chuan mit pahnih a nghawng dawn a ni. Doctor-te chuan naupang, mit (retina)-a cell lo thanglian zelte hnathawh that loh vang niin an ngai. A tam zawkah chuan naupang panga zinga pali vel chu kum thum an tlin hmain he natna hi an vei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Mahse, a tlem hle a, puitlingte hian retinoblastoma an vei thei. Engtin nge i hriat? Naupan lai atanga lo chhuak tumor te tak te chu a muhil a, kum tam tak hnuah rang takin a lo thang leh ta a ni.

`(Retinoblastoma)` chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, `(Retinoblastoma)` hi kawng pathumin a awm thei a:

• Unilateral Retinoblastoma: A hming ang bawkin (Uni tih awmzia chu pakhat tihna a ni a, lateral tih awmzia chu a sir lam tihna a ni), he chi hian mit pakhat chauh a nghawng a ni.
• Bilateral Retinoblastoma: Hetiang dinhmunah hian (‘Bi’ tih hian pahnih tihna a ni) cancer hian naupang mit pahnih a nghawng a.
• Trilateral Retinoblastoma: Hemi hi a buaithlak deuh. Tri tih awmzia chu pathum tihna a ni. Hetah hian mit pahnihah cancer a awm a, chubakah hmun pathumna, thluak chhunga gland te tak te, pineal gland an tihah cancer a awm bawk. Hei hi pineoblastoma an ti bawk.

A tam zawkah chuan retinoblastoma vei zinga 60% vel chuan unilateral type an nei a, mit pakhat chauh a nghawng a ni. A dang 40% chu bilateral leh trilateral type a ni a, mit pahnih a nghawng a ni.

He natna hi ``Retinoblastoma'' an tih hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Dik tak chuan ``(Retinoblastoma)`` hi cancer chi khat hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni.Naupang kum 20 hnuai lam maktaduai khat i lak chuan an zinga 3.3 velin hetiang hi an nei a ni. America ang ramah chuan kum khatah hri kai thar 300 vel an awm thin. Khawvel pum hi han la ila, kum khatah hri kai thar 9,000 vel an awm thin. Chuvangin hei hi thil awmze nei vak a ni lo.

`(Retinoblastoma)` natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni? Engtin nge kan hriat chian?

Hei hi naupang kum 3 a tlin hmain hriat chhuah a ni fo a, naupang tê tête chuan an harsatna sawi chhuah dan an thiam loh avangin. Chuvang chuan nu leh pa kan nih angin naupang mit atanga hmuh theih inthlak danglamna leh naupang nungchang inthlak danglamna te hi kan ngaihven em em a ngai a ni.

Leukocoria - thisen var chhuak

Hei hi `(Retinoblastoma)` chhinchhiahna hmasa ber leh langsar ber a ni. `(Leukocoria)` tih hi mit pupil chu a chang chuan a var emaw, a eng emaw a lang a, a bik takin hmun thim takah flashlight hmanga thlalak kan lak hian a ni. Zan lama ui mit eng ang mai a ni. Hei hi mit pakhatah emaw, mit pahnihah emaw a thleng thei.

I naute birthday-ah thlalak i la a, flash on chungin han ngaihtuah teh. A hnua thlalak i en chuan mit pakhat iris dum chu a var a, mit dang chu a hma ang bawkin a sen (red-eye effect) tih i hmu bawk. Chu hmel var chu `(Leukocoria)` an ti a. Chutiang thil i hmuh chuan doctor hnenah i entir nghal tur a ni.

`(Retinoblastoma)` natna lan chhuah dan dangte

`(Leukocoria)` bakah hian he natna hi tilangtu symptom dang engemaw zat a awm a:

• Strabismus (mit inzawm): A chang chuan mit pakhatin hmalam a en nghal chuan mit dang chu chhung lam emaw pawn lam emaw a hawi thei.
• Thil che thei en harsa, a nih loh leh en lo tak tak.
• Mit na: Naupang tê tête hian hei hi an hrilh thei lo che. Chuvângin , a hma aia tam an ṭap thei a, ei an duh lo thei a, mut harsatna an nei a, an rilru hahdam lo reng bawk.
• Mit pakhat chu a dang aiin a lian zawka lang (`Buphthalmos`).
• Mit rawn chhuak (`Proptosis`).
• Mit hmalam a thisen zam (`Hyphema`).
• Mit vel tissue te chu a hring, a sen, leh natna hrik ang maia lang (`Orbital cellulitis`).

I fate zingah heng symptom pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i hmuh chuan ngaihthah suh. Naupang enkawltu emaw mit lam doctor emaw pan vat rawh.

Engvangin nge he `(Retinoblastoma)` hi a lo awm? Hei hi engte nge ni?

`(Retinoblastoma)` hi cancer chi khat a ni. A awlsam zawngin, cancer chu kan taksaa cell thenkhatte hnathawh that lohna leh rang tak leh thunun theih loha inthen darh tan hi a ni.He inthenna hian tumor a siam a, a chhehvel tissue hrisel tak tak a tichhe thin. Heng cancer cell te hi thunun theih lohvin an lo thang zel a nih chuan an tan tirh atanga taksa peng dangah an darh thei a ni. Hei hi metastasis an ti a.

Chuvangin, he `(Retinoblastoma)` lo awm chhan ber chu kan genes (`DNA`) a tihsual vang a ni.

``(DNA)`` danglamna hi a bul tanna a ni

Kan cell te hian cookbook-a recipe ang bawkin ``(DNA)`` an hmang thin. Kan ``(DNA)`` hi kan nu leh pa hnen atangin kan hmu thin. Chu chu an recipe book thenkhat kan la a, mahni recipe book kan siam tihna a ni.

Mahse, a chang chuan, he `(DNA)`-ah hian tihsual a awm thei a, chu recipe-a lehkha ziak dik lo ang maiin. Kan cell te hian lehkhabu chhunga a awm ang chiah chiah recipe siam dan chauh an hre thin. Chuvangin `(DNA)` ah hian tihsual a awm chuan cell te pawhin dik lo taka siam dan an hre chiang hle. Chuvang chuan cell thenkhat chu thunun theih lohvin an thang lian a, cancer an lo ni ta a ni.

Doctor-te chuan retinoblastoma vei naupangte chu, thlahtute atanga lo piang emaw ni lo emaw pawh nise, genetic testing leh counselling neihpui turin an rawt a ni. Naupang unau leh chhungkaw member dangte pawhin heng test te hi nei turin an rawt bawk.

Retinoblastoma thlentu mutation hian RB1 an tih gene a nghawng a ni. Hei hi tumor suppressor gene a ni. Tumor suppressor genes hi kan taksaa brake system ang mai a ni. Cell inthen darh leh than dan an thunun a ni. Chuvangin, RB1 gene-ah hian mutation a awm a nih chuan brake hian hna a thawk lo niin a lang. Tichuan retina chhunga cell te chu thunun theih lohvin an thang lian a, tumor an siam ta a ni. A châng chuan chromosome 13p an tih RB1 gene awmna hmun chu delete (deleted) vek ni mah se, Retinoblastoma a lo awm thei a ni.

A tlem berah chuan mi thenkhat chuan retina-ah `(Retinoma)` tih hming pu benign tumor an nei thei. Hengte hi `(Retinoblastoma) hmahruaitu ang mai an ni.Mahse, eng emaw chhan vangin hengte hi an lo thang lian tawh lo. Mahse, a hnuah chuan he `(Retinoma)` hi a lo thang chho leh thei a, `(Retinoblastoma).` a lo ni ta a ni

`(DNA)`-ah hian tihsual a awm dan tlangpui pahnih a awm a:

• Sporadic mutations: Hengte hi cell pakhatin a nu leh pa hnen atanga DNA a copy laiin random mistake a tih hian a thleng thin. Mi pakhatin kut hmanga recipe a ziah hian a tihsual ang mai a ni. Original recipe kha a tha hle a, mahse recipe thar hian tihsual a nei. Hetiang sporadic retinoblastoma chi hi mit pakhat chauh a nghawng tlangpui.
• Inherited mutations te chu: 1.1.Heta thil thleng chu nu emaw, pa emaw, an pahnih emaw hian he `(DNA)`-ah hian chhiatna an nei a ni. Tichuan, naupang chuan chu `(DNA)` copy a hmuh chuan chu defect awm tawh chu a rawn keng tel ta a ni. `(Retinoblastoma)` tichhe thei genetic mutation hi `(Autosomal dominant inheritance` an tih angin rochun a ni.Chu chu, a awlsam zawngin, nu leh pa zinga pakhatin he genetic mutation hi a neih chuan naupang chuan 50% velin a vei theihna chance a nei a, an pahnih hian an neih chuan 75% vel chance a awm a ni.Amaherawhchu, a chang chuan nu leh pate hian `(Retinoblastoma)` an nei lo a nih pawhin, the naupang hian rochan hmangin `(Retinoblastoma)` a nei thei a, a chhan chu mi thenkhat chu he genetic mutation `carrier` an nih vang a ni.

``Retinoblastoma`` hi inherited genetic mutation avanga lo awm a nih chuan a tam zawkah chuan ``Bilateral`` type a ni a, mit pahnih a nghawng a ni. A tlem berah chuan ``Unilateral`` angin a thleng thei bawk a, chu chuan mit pakhat chauh a nghawng a ni.

Naupang retinoblastoma vei unaute pawhin an vei theihna a sang hle. Nu leh pa pahnih hian retinoblastoma an vei a nih chuan a natna vei naupang unaute tan chuan 4% leh 7% inkar a ni.

`(Retinoblastoma)` vang hian eng harsatna dang nge awm thei?

Retinoblastoma hian mit chhehvel tissue te a tichhia thei a, mit natna chu a then emaw, a pum emaw a tichhe thei bawk .

Hei hi cancer a nih avangin `(Retinoblastoma)` cell te taksa peng dangah a darh (`metastasizing`) a hlauhawm hle. A darh chuan thil awmdan chu a hlauhawm zual zel a ni. Chuvangin, enkawlna tum ber pakhat chu he darh zel tur ven hi a ni. A hlauhawm ber chu he cancer hi mit atanga `optic nerve` kal tlanga thluak thlenga darh hi a ni. Tichuan thluak cancer angin a intan thar leh ta a ni.

Retinoblastoma thlentu genetic mutations hian nakin lawkah cancer chi dang vei theihna a tipung bawk. Kum tin cancer thar vei theihna chance 1% vel a awm (entir nan, kum 20 chhungin 20% vel a ni).

Cancer chi dang, a lo awm tam ber chu:

• Sarcomas: Heng cancer te hi ruh leh connective tissue tichhe thei an ni.
• Melanomas: Hei hi cancer natna a ni a, ka leh hnar chhunga vun, mit, leh mucous membrane te a nghawng a ni.
• Lung cancer: Lung chhunga thisen kalna kawng (complex blood vessel system) avang hian hetah hian cancer lo awm hi awlsam takin taksa peng dangah a darh thei a ni.

Doctor-te hian engtin nge `(Retinoblastoma)` hi an hriat theih? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

A tam zawkah chuan nu leh pa (or enkawltu) te hian ``Leukocoria'' an tih hmun dum hi an hmu hmasa ber thin. An hmuh veleh naupang naupang enkawltu hnenah an hrilh nghal a. Tichuan Doctor chuan confirm a tum a. A châng chuan, doctor-te pawhin naupang ṭhanlenna pangngai enfiahna test-naah he ``Leukocoria'' hi an hmu thei bawk.

Naupang enkawltu doctor chuan ``Leukocoria`` a hmuh chuan a dawt leh tur chu naupang chu mit lam doctor emaw mit enkawltu dang emaw hnenah refer nghal tur a ni. Mit lam doctor chuan mit chhungah direct-a en a tum ang a, ``Retinoblastoma`` tumor a awm leh awm loh a en ang. Naupang tê mit enfiah hian a chang chuan ``medicated drops to dilate the pupils`` dah emaw, naupang mit enfiah nan anesthesia pek emaw a ngai thin.

Scan hian eng nge a tih?

Hei bakah hian scan pawh tih a nih a rinawm. Heng scan hmang hian mit dang a hmuh harsa tumor a awm em , emaw thluaka ``Pineoblastoma'' ang chi tumor a awm em tih hriat theih a ni.

Scan chi hrang hrang hman tlanglawn ber chu:

• Ultrasound scan: He scan hian calcium a pungkhawm tih a tarlang a, hei hi retinoblastoma-ah hmuh tur a awm tlangpui.
• CT Scan (`Computed Tomography (CT) scan`): `(Retinoblastoma)` hian calcium deposit a nei a, chuvangin CT scan-ah chiang takin a lang thei.
• MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan): Hei hi taksa chhunga tissue hrang hrang leh structure hrang hrangte chipchiar taka thlalakna tur scan tha ber a ni. Hun a daih a, a man a to hle bawk. Chuvangin test tih hmasak ber a ni fo lo. Mahse, eng chen nge tumor a darh tawh tih chiang taka hriat a pawimawh hle a, mit lehlamah emaw thluak dangah tumor dang a awm em tih hriat a pawimawh hle.
• PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan): He test hi a natna hmuhchhuah leh enkawl tan tirh lamah emaw, a hnu lamah emaw tih theih a ni. A bik takin, tumor chu hmun dangah a darh (metastasized) em tih emaw, hmun dangah tumor thar a lo awm em tih emaw en a \angkai hle.

`(Retinoblastoma)` hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

`(Retinoblastoma)` enkawl dan kawng hrang hrang a awm. A tam zawkah chuan enkawlnaah hian kawng hrang hrang inzawmkhawm a ni. A rualin emaw, a hnungzuiin emaw tih theih a ni. Enkawl dan tlangpui chu:

• Chemotherapy: Hei hi cancer cell direct-a bei thei damdawi hman a ni. Hei hian a châng chuan operation tih loh nân a ṭanpui thei a, chu chuan mitdelna a thlen thei a ni . Tumor te pawh a ti tlem thei a, enkawlna dang tan chuan cancer cell la awm zawng zawng tihhlum a awlsam phah hle. Heng chemotherapy damdawi te hi local-ah pek theih a ni a, chu chu mit chhungah direct-a inject (targeted injection) emaw, intraarterial-a pek emaw a ni a, chu chu artery (intravenous (IV) infusion)-ah pek a ni tihna a ni. An pek dan chu naupang dinhmun leh mamawh danah a innghat a ni.
• Radiation hmanga enkawlna: 1.1.Hei hian high-frequency energy hmangin cancer cell te a tichhia a ni. Hei hi taksa pawn lam atanga tih theih a ni a, chu chu external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) ang chi te, taksa chhung lam atanga brachytherapy ang chi te pawh a ni thei. Mahse, he enkawlna dan hi hun rei tak chhunga harsatna awm thei a nih avangin pumpelh a ni fo.
• Focal therapies: Heng hming hi an vuah chhan chu cancer cells chauh "focus" leh tihchhiat vang a ni. Thermotherapy, lumna sang tak hmanga siam emaw, laser therapy, khaw lum nasa tak hmanga enkawlna emaw an hmang thei bawk.
• Surgery: Surgery hi retinoblastoma darh theihna a awm chuan tih a nih a rinawm ber. Hei hian mit lakchhuah vek (enucleation) a ngai fo thin. Hei hian cancer chu a darh lehzual loh nan a veng a ni. He surgery an tih lai hian mit natna chuan mit a tidel tawh mai thei.
• Enkawlna leh enkawlna dang: Chûngte chu a inang lo thei hle. Vawi tam tak chu hengte hian enkawlna dang avanga nghawng tha lo awm thei te chu thunun turin a pui thin. Entirnan, chemotherapy avanga natna leh riltam enkawlna damdawi. Damdawi puihna chi hrang hrang a awm a, chuvangin doctor chuan i fa tan engte nge tha ber tih a hrilh thei ang che.

Ka fa hian he natna hi a neih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Nakin hun chu eng nge ni?

Retinoblastoma vei naupang tan prognosis chu natna hmuhchhuah a nih thuai leh enkawl tan danah a innghat nasa hle. Mahse, a tlangpuiin dam leh theihna chance a sang hle. Naupang retinoblastoma vei zinga 95% chuan an dam kim vek a ni. Naupang kum 2 a tlin hmaa natna hi hriatchhuah a nih chuan mitdelna tel lova result tha tak a chhuah theihna chance a sang hle.

Retinoblastoma atanga dam lehte chuan tumor thar an neih leh neih loh enfiah nan dam chhung enkawlna an mamawh a ni. Hei hi kum tin scan leh test dang hmanga tumor thar awm leh awm loh enfiah a ngai tlangpui. I doctor chuan i fain eng test nge a mamawh tih a hrilh ang che.

`(Retinoblastoma)` lo awm tur ven dan a awm em?

Retinoblastoma hi genetic mutation avanga lo awm a ni. Chuvang chuan a taka ven theih dan tur a awm lo. Mahse, i chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan Retinoblastoma a vei tawh a nih chuan, emaw, a thlentu genetic mutation i nei tih i hriat chuan, genetic counseling hian fa i neih huna chu gene chu i fa hnena i pek chhuah theih dan tur hriatthiamna a pe thei che a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor hnenah `(Retinoblastoma)` chungchang hi ka sawipui ang?

I fa mitmenga ``(Retinoblastoma)`` nena inzawmI mit hmuh danah symptom emaw, danglamna emaw i hmuh chuan doctor pan nghal rawh. Tin, nangmah emaw i kawppui emaw hian chhungkaw history-ah `(Retinoblastoma)` i nei a nih chuan, emaw, `(RB1)` gene mutation i nei tih i hriat chuan fa i neih hmain genetic counselling ngaihtuah hmasak phawt a tha.

I chhungkuaa mi pakhatin ``(Retinoblastoma)`` a vei tawh a nih chuan hriat tur pawimawh

I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan `(Retinoblastoma),` a vei tawh a nih chuan i fa leh i chhungkaw dangte tan chuan ``mit enfiahna neih fo a pawimawh hle.`` ``(RB1)`` gene hian ``(Retinoblastoma)`` a thlen thei bawk a, chu chuan mit natna chi tha lo tak ``(Retinocytoma) an tih chu a thlen thei bawk.``(Retinocytoma)`` hi kum eng pawhah a lo awm thei bawk.

Cancer natna hmuhchhuah hi nun tidanglam thei thil a ni. Mahse, beiseina nei reng rawh. Researcher leh doctor-te chuan hetiang cancer vei naupangte dam rei theihna tipung thei damdawi thar, tangkai tak tak an zawng chhuak fo thin. I fain retinoblastoma a vei a nih chuan, enkawlna thar zawng turin clinical trial-ah tel ve i ngaihtuah mai thei. Tin, i doctor hnenah cancer vei leh an chhungte tanpuitu pawl chungchang zawt bawk ang che. Nu leh pa leh chhungkaw tam tak chuan heng pawlte hi chakna, huaisenna leh beiseina petu ropui takah an ngai a.

He thawnthu atang hian kan in lama kan hruai duh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuti a nih chuan vawiin hian `(Retinoblastoma)` chungchang hi kan sawi nasa hle a ni lawm ni? Hriat reng tur pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I fa te mitmengah (a bik takin flash photo-ah) hmun var i hmuh chuan, emaw, mit chu a pil ang maia a lan chuan ngaihthah suh. Doctor hmu nghal rawh.
• Retinoblastoma hi natna awm lo mahse a hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih chuan tihdam theih vek a ni.
• Enkawlna chi hrang hrang a awm a, doctor-te chuan i fate tana ṭha ber tur an thlang ang.
• I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw hian he natna hi a vei tawh a nih chuan genetic counselling leh mit enfiah fo thin hi ngaihtuah la.
• Lungngai suh, nangmah chauh i ni lo. Hetiang hunah hian tanpuina dilna tur hmun leh mi tam tak a awm a.

He thu hi i tangkaipui ngei ka beisei. Nang leh i naute hriselna tha ka duhsakna ka hlan e!

` Retinoblastoma, naupan lai cancer, mit cancer, leukocoria, retina, genetic mutations, RB1 gene