I doctor-in i fain Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) a vei tih a hrilh che chuan i rilruah zawhna sangkhat zet a tlan chhuak ngei ang. "Engvangin nge ka fa chungah hetiang thil hi a thlen?", "Hei hi dam chhung zawnga dinhmun a ni em?", "Engtin nge he thil hi ka enkawl ang?" Lungngai suh. Nangmah chauh i ni lo. Engkim hi a awlsam zawngin sawi ila, i rilru a hahdam theih nan.
A awlsam zawngin, type 1 diabetes (T1D) hi eng nge ni?
Tun hma chuan he natna hi ‘juvenile diabetes’ an ti thin. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, T1D hi dam chhung zawnga natna a ni a, tunah hian damdawi a la awm lo. I fain T1D a neih chuan an pancreas hian hormone pawimawh tak insulin a siam thei lo.
Insulin hi kan taksa cell kawngkhar hawnsaktu chabi angin ngaihtuah rawh. He key, insulin an tih hi kan ei tur atanga kan sugar (glucose) kan hmuh chu thisen atanga cell-a kal a, chakna atana hman a nih theih nan a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin, insulin a awm loh chuan he sugar hi cell-ah a lut thei lo va, chu ai chuan thisenah a pung khawm zawk thin. Hetianga thisen sugar level thunun loh hian hun kal zelah kan taksa peng lian ber ber, kan thinlung, kal leh mit te chu nasa takin a tichhe thei a ni.
Hei hi Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) nen a danglam hle. T2D vei chuan insulin a siam chhuak a, mahse taksain a hmang tha thei lo. T1D-ah chuan insulin hi a awm lo vek tawh mai.
Engvangin nge ka fa chungah hetiang hian a lo awm?
He zawhna hi i rilruah a lo lang hi thil awmdan pangngai a ni. Mithiamte chuan T1D hi ‘autoimmune disorder’ a nih an ring. Chumi awmzia chu natna laka kan taksa venhimtu immune system hian kan taksa insulin siamtu cell te chu a rawn bei sual a, a tichhe vek tihna a ni. Hetiang thil hi naupangin a lan chhuah hma rei takah taksa chhungah a thleng thei a ni.
Hetianga immune system a chet dan dik lo chhan hi eng thil nge chiang takin a la chiang lo.
- Genetic influence: Genes hian hmun a chang thei. Entirnan, nu leh pa emaw, unau emawin T1D an neih chuan naupangin T1D a vei theihna a sang deuh hlek a ni. Mahse mak tak maiin naupang T1D vei zinga 85% chuan chhungkaw history-ah he natna hi an nei lo.
- Environment factors: Hei hian environment chhunga thil engemaw, virus ang chi pawh hi he autoimmune process thlentu a ni thei tih kan ngaihtuah thei a ni.
Hei hi tumah sualna a ni lo tih hriat reng hi a pawimawh ber a ni. I thil tih leh i sawi vang pawh a thleng lo. Tin, hei hi ven dan tur a awm lo.Chuvangin, nangmah leh nangmah mawhpuh hi pumpelh vek rawh.
Type 1 diabetes symptoms te chu engte nge ni?
T1D symptoms a lo lang nghal thei. A chang chuan heng symptoms te hi a lo awm zauh zauh thin. I fa hian heng symptoms te hi a lantir em tih en rawh. Heng symptoms te hi i hriat reng theih nan he chart hi han en ila.
| Symptom a ni | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Thil danglam tak a tuihal tih hriatna | Thisen thlum sang hian taksain tui a hloh tam zawk a, chuvang chuan tui in reng ang maiin i inhria. |
| Zun chhuah fo thin | Kidney hian zun hmangin thisen atanga sugar tam lutuk paih chhuah an tum a, chuvangin zun fo a ngai a ni. |
| Bedwetting tih hi a ni | Naupangin khum hnim hmasa ngai lo chuan zanah khum a hnim tan nghal a nih chuan chhinchhiahna a ni thei. |
| Chau lutuk nia inhria | Naupang chu a chau reng a, a muhil reng bawk a, a chhan chu cell-te hian chakna siam chhuahna atana an mamawh sugar an hmuh loh vang a ni. |
| Chaw ei tha mahse taksa rihna tihtlem | Sugar hi chakna atana hman theih a nih loh avangin taksa hian taksa ruh leh thau a hal tan a, chu chuan taksa rihna a ti tlahniam a ni. |
| Nungchang leh rilru put hmang inthlak danglamna | Naupang chu a thinrim awlsam a, a rilru a hahdam lo va, a lungngai ang tih a hriat chuan chu pawh chu chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk. |
| Thâwk chungah rah rim a nam | Taksain thau a hal hian chemicals ketones an tih chu a lo piang chhuak thin. Chungte chu thisenah an lo punkhawm chuan i thawk chu a rimtui leh thei rimtui tak tak a ni thei. Hei hi dinhmun hlauhawm tak chhinchhiahna a ni. |
Mahse naupang zawng zawng hian heng symptom zawng zawng hi an lantir vek dawn lo. A chang chuan naupang chu T1D vei tan tirh lamah a awm chuan chhinchhiahna engmah an lantir lo thei bawk.
Diagnosis hnuah eng nge thleng? Nitin enkawl dan tur
Diagnosis i hriat chian hnuah nang leh i fa chu specialist medical team-ah refer in ni ang. He team-ah hian zunthlum specialist, zunthlum zirtirtu, leh nutritionist te pawh an tel thei. He zinkawng chungchanga i hriat tur zawng zawng an hrilh vek ang che. Nitin thil pawimawh tlemte i tih tur a awm.
1. Thisen sugar level tehna
Ni khatah vawi eng emaw zat i fa thisen sugar level i check a ngai dawn a ni. Hei hi hmanraw te tak te glucometer an tih hmanga tih a ni. Test hi kut zungtang tip chu needle te tak te hmanga chil a, thisen tla khat lak atanga tih a ni. A tirah chuan hei hi naupang leh nang tan pawh thil harsa tak angin a lang thei a, mahse hun engemaw chen hnuah chuan i nunah thil pangngai a lo ni tawh ang.
2. Insulin pek
Taksain insulin a siam chhuah loh avangin pawn lam atanga pek a ngai a ni. Insulin hi pill anga ei theih a ni lo, a chhan chu pum chhungah a chhe vek a ni. Chuvangin, injection angin pek a ngai a ni . He injection hi ni khatah vawi tam tak pek tur a ni a, a tlangpuiin chaw ei hmain pek tur a ni. Doctor leh nursing staff ten hetiang tih dan dik tak an hrilh ang che. Tunah chuan tunlai technology hrang hrang insulin pump ang chi a awm ta.
3. Diet leh exercise
Diet leh exercise hi zunthlum enkawlna atana thil pawimawh tak pahnih a ni. I doctor emaw nutritionist emaw nen i tan eng ei tur nge tha tih te, engzat nge i ei tur tih te, exercise i tih hunah eng nge i fimkhur tur tih te sawiin ruahmanna tha tak i siam thei ang.
Engtikah nge emergency medical advice i lak ang?
Zunthlum natna nena kan nun hian emergency-ah fimkhur a pawimawh hle.
- Thisen thlum hniam (Hypoglycemia): A chang chuan thisen sugar level hi hlauhawm takin a tlahniam thei. I fain a natna lan chhuahna a neih chuan, a thawk hah lutuk, a khuh, a rilru a buai, a hring chhuak a nih chuan, thil thlum (glucose tablet, sugar spoon khat, emaw, in tur thlum emaw) pe nghal rawh. I doctor chuan hei hi chipchiar takin a hrilhfiah ang che.
- Hyperglycemia/DKA: Thisen sugar level a san lutuk chuan natna hlauhawm tak Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) an tih chu a lo awm thei a ni. Pum na, luak chhuak, thawk rang, mut tam lutuk, leh thawkna rimtui ang chi symptoms a awm chuan , naupang chu damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Department (ETU)-ah hruai nghal vat rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Type 1 diabetes hi thil harsa tak ni mah se, enkawl that chuan i fa chu hlim tak, hrisel leh nun pangngaiin a nung thei a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo.
- Hei hi tumah sualna a ni lo, chuvangin nangmah leh nangmah mawhpuh loh tur a ni.
- I doctor leh medical team-in an pek angin dik takin zawm rawh. Zawhna i neih apiang chu eng ang pawhin tenau pawh nise zawt hreh suh.
- Naupang thisen sugar level enfiah reng a pawimawh a, a hun taka insulin pek a, ei leh in inthlau tak pek a pawimawh hle.
- He dinhmun hi i fain a hriatthiam theih angin hrilhfiah rawh. I fa chu a upa deuh a nih chuan enkawlnaah tel tir rawh. Hei hian naupang inrintawkna a pui bawk ang.
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