Zunthlum i ngaihtuah hian kum upat deuh deuha lo awm thin type 2 diabetes tlanglawn zawk kha i ngaihtuah mai thei. Mahse, zunthlum chi dang, kum eng pawha lo awm thei, a bik takin naupang leh puitling tleirawlte zingah a awm tih i hria em? Chu chu Type 1 Diabetes kan tih chu a ni. Tlem a danglam deuh a, mahse uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan nun hrisel tak tak i neih chu a titawp lovang. I hriatthiam theih khawpin a awlsam zawngin sawi ila.
Type 1 Diabetes hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, type 1 diabetes hi autoimmune condition a ni a, kan taksa ngeia immune system hian kan taksa pancreas-a insulin siamtu cell (beta cells) te chu a bei a, a tichhia a ni .
Ngaihtuah teh, insulin hi kan thisena sugar, a nih loh leh glucose, kan cell-a lut a, chakna siam tura puitu chabi ang a ni. Tunah chuan heng insulin siamtu cell te hi an bo tawh chuan taksain a mamawh insulin a siam chhuak tawh lo. Tichuan thisena sugar chu cell chhungah a lut thei lo va, thisenah a pung khawm ta a ni. Chu chu he natnaah hian a thleng thin.
Naupang leh puitling tleirawl zingah a awm tam ber avangin "juvenile diabetes" an ti thin. Mahse tunah chuan puitling kum eng pawh a nghawng thei tih kan hre ta.
Type 1 leh Type 2 hi eng nge an danglamna?
Hei hi mi tam tak an tangkhangna hmun a ni.
- In Type 1: Taksa hian insulin siam chhuah a titawp vek a , chuvangin dam khawchhuah nan pawn lam atanga insulin lak a ngai a ni.
- Type 2-ah: Taksain insulin siam chhuak mah se, a tam tawk lo, a nih loh leh taksa cell-in chu insulin (insulin resistance) chu a chhang tha lo hle.
Eng nge a lan chhuah dan? Engtin nge i hriat chian thuai theih ang?
He natna lan chhuah dan hi a lang rang hle fo thin , a chang chuan kar tlemte chhungin a lang thei bawk. Heng symptoms te hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle.
| Symptom a ni | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| Tuihalna nasa tak leh hmui vawt | Tui in hnuah pawh tuihalna a reh lo. |
| Zun chhuah fo thin | Zun fo ngai, a bik takin zan lamah. |
| Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem | Chaw i ei tha a, i ril a tam a nih pawhin i thau a tlahniam. |
| Riltam nasa tak | Chaw ei hnuah pawh riltam tih hriatna. |
| Chauhna leh chak lohna nasa tak | Chak lo anga inhria reng reng. |
| Vision a danglam thin | Blurred vision ang chi thil te. |
| Hri kai fo thin | Vun, zun kawng, emaw, serh infection lo awm leh thin. |
Puitlingte zingah type 1 diabetes natna lo awm hnuhnung ber (LADA) .
A chang chuan he natna hi puitling (kum 30-50 inkar) atanga hmuhchhuah a ni. Hei hi ‘Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults’ (LADA) an ti a. A lan chhuah dan chu a lo lang zawi hle a, a chang chuan type 2 diabetes tia ngaih sual theih a ni.
Naupang tête chu engtin nge an enkawl?
Puitlingte a lan chhuah dan bakah hian naupang te leh nausen te hian he natna hi an vei hian symptom hrang hrang an lantir thei a ni. Hei hi nu leh pa ten kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle.
- Naute diaper chu a tlangpui aia tam thlak a ngai.
- Diaper rash nei, enkawl ni mahse a dam lo.
- Toilet-a zirtir naupang pakhat chuan khum chu a hnim tan ta a.
- Thâwk lak chakna a tisang.
- Pum na leh luak chhuak.
- Naupang nungchang inthlak danglamna (thinrim fo, buai lutuk).
- Thâwk atanga rimtui, thei rimtui (hei hi symptom hlauhawm tak a ni).
I fa hian heng symptoms zinga pakhat tal a neih chuan doctor pan hmasa phawt ang che. A châng chuan heng chhinchhiahnate hi flu pangngai ang maiin a lang thei a, mahse type 1 diabetes a ni thei.
Hei hi eng chhan nge ni? Hrilhfiahna a ni em?
Kan taksa immune system-in a cell-te a beih chhan dik tak chu hriat a la ni lo a, mahse, chu chu genetic predisposition leh environmental factors pahnih vang nia rin a ni
A awlsam zawngin, i chhungkuaa mi (nu, pa, unaupa) hian type 1 diabetes a vei a nih chuan nang pawhin i vei theihna chance a sang deuh hlek a ni. Mahse chu chuan i tipung ngei ang tihna erawh a ni lo.
Ngaihtuah teh, natna kai theihna tur gene i nei a nih pawhin, chu genes te chu "activate" theih nan environmental factor, virus infection ang chi a ngai mai thei.
Engtin nge natna hi hriat chhuah a nih? Eng test nge tih thin?
I doctor-in type 1 diabetes i vei nia a rinhlelh chuan an tih hmasak ber tur chu i thisen sugar level test a ni ang.
| Fiahna | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| A1c test a ni | Thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level average chu idea i nei thei ang. |
| Chaw nghei Thisen Sugar Test | Darkar 8 vel an ei loh hnuah an thisen sugar level an enfiah thin. |
| Random Thisen Sugar Test neih a ni | Nitin engtik lai pawhin i thisen sugar level enfiah thin ang che. |
Heng test te hian zunthlum i vei em tih hriat theih a ni. Mahse type 1 nge type 2 tih chiang taka hriat theih nan i doctor chuan test tlemte a ti leh ang.
- Autoantibody test: Hei hi test pawimawh ber a ni. Type 1 diabetes-ah hian thisenah hian insulin siamtu cell-te beitu special protein (autoantibodies) a awm a. He test hian hengte hi a zawng chhuak thin.
- Ketones test: Insulin a bo chuan taksain chakna atan thau a hal tan thin. Chuta acid lo chhuak chu ketones an ti a. Chungte chu zun-ah hmuhchhuah theih a ni.
Enkawlna leh nun enkawl dan
Type 1 diabetes i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih vang mai maia i nun a tawp lo. Nun rei tak, hrisel tak leh hlim takin i nung thei a ni. A pawimawh ber chu i thisen sugar level control-na tur a ni.
Insulin hman ngei ngei tur a ni.
Type 1 diabetes-ah chuan i taksain insulin a siam lo va, chuvangin nitin pawn lam atanga insulin i ei a ngai a ni . Insulin hi pill angin i ei thei lo, a chhan chu i pum chhungah a chhe vek a ni. Chuvangin injection emaw insulin pump emaw hmangin i ei a ngai a ni.
Insulin chi hrang hrang a awm a. Hnathawh hun chhung leh a rei zawngah an inang lo. I doctor chuan thil tam tak a zirin insulin chi leh a dose dik tak chu a ruat ang a, chung zingah chuan i kum, i nunphung, leh i ei leh in te pawh a tel.
Thisen sugar level enfiah fo thin
A pawimawh ber chu nitin i thisen sugar level chu target range chhungah dah reng a ni. Chutianga tih theih dan kawng hnih a awm a:
1. Glucometer: Test dan pangngaiah chuan kut zungtang tip atanga thisen tlem te te lak chhuah a ni.
2. Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM): Vun hnuaia dah sensor te tak te hian minute engemaw zat chhungin i thisen sugar level chu automatic in a check a, chu data chu i phone emaw device dang emaw ah a thawn chhuak thin. I thisen sugar level sang leh hniam a nih chuan a hriattir che a ni.
Ei leh in leh nunphung
Type 1 diabetes neih hian ei theih loh tihna a ni lo. Mahse i ei tur zat, a bik takin carbohydrates (starch) te hi i fimkhur a ngai a ni. I insulin dose chu i ei zat nena inmil turin i siamrem a ngai a ni.
- Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh . Thlai, thei leh buh chi tam zawk dah tel bawk ang che.
- Sugary drinks, eitur thlum tak tak, leh refined carbohydrates (chhang, pasta) te chu tihtlem la.
- Exercise neih fo thin ang che. Exercise hian taksain insulin a sensitivity a tipung a ni.
- Stress enkawl la , mut tlem rawh . Hengte hian thisen sugar level a nghawng bawk.
Zunthlum avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?
Hun rei tak chhung thisen thlum (blood sugar level) hi a control tha lo a nih chuan taksa peng hrang hrang a chhiat phah thei a ni. Mahse, lungngai suh. Control tha tak i neih chuan heng harsatna tam tak hi i veng thei a ni.
Complication pawimawh leh hmanhmawhthlak ber chu diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) a ni. Hei hi taksain insulin a tlakchham chuan a thleng thin a, chu chuan thisenah ketone leh sugar a lo pungkhawm a, thisen chu acidic a lo ni ta a ni. Hei hi nunna atana hlauhawm emergency a ni.
If you have symptoms such as vomiting, pum na, thawk rang, mut hah lutuk, leh i thawk rimtui rimtui , DKA a ni thei. Damdawi in pakhat Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal nghal rawh.
Hun rei tak chhunga harsatna awm thei chu thinlung natna, kal natna (nephropathy), mit chhiatna (retinopathy), leh nerve chhiatna te a ni thei. Hengte laka inven dan tha ber chu i doctor thupek zawm a, i thisen sugar, thisen sang leh cholesterol level te chu thunun tlat hi a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Type 1 Diabetes hi i sualna a ni lo. Autoimmune condition a ni.
- Hei hi dam chhung zawnga awm thin ni mahse, insulin enkawlna leh nunphung thlak danglam chuan nun hrisel leh active takin i nung thei a ni.
- A pawimawh ber chu i thisen sugar level enfiah fo a, i doctor-in target range a pek chhunga dah hi a ni.
- Hemi chungchanga zawhna i neih chuan i doctor nen zalen taka inbiakna neih hi hlau suh. I tanpui turin an inpeih reng a ni.
- Nangmah chauh i ni lo. Hetiang dinhmun neia khawsa mi tam tak an awm. Chuvangin chak takin awm rawh.
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