Zunthlum chi hrang hrang (Diabetes Mellitus) chungchang hi han sawi mai ila .

'Diabetes' tih thumal hi kan hre vek tawh. I chhungte, i thian emaw, nangmah emaw pawhin he natna hian a nghawng ve mai thei. Mahse, zunthlum hi natna pakhat chauh ni lovin, chi hrang hrang engemaw zat a nei tih i hria em? Vawiin hian heng chi hrang hrangte hi kan sawi dawn a, an natna lan chhuah dan te, awlsam leh awlsam taka enkawl dan tur te kan sawi dawn a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, zunthlum hi natna engemaw zat hming tlangpui a ni a, chu chuan kan ei tur chu chakna a chantir dan a nghawng a ni. Carbohydrates (starches) awmna chaw kan ei hian kan taksa chuan sugar chi khatah a chantir a, chu chu glucose an ti a, thisenah a dah tel bawk. Tichuan kan pancreas chuan insulin tih hormone a siam a, chu chuan chu glucose chu thisen aṭangin a la a, cell-ah a thawn a, chakna a siam chhuak ta a ni. Zunthlum veiah chuan he insulin process hian hna a thawk tha lo. Chumi avang chuan thisen sugar level a sang chho zel a ni. Hei hi thunun a nih loh chuan hun kal zelah hriselna lama harsatna lian tak a awm thei a ni.

Prediabetes a awm thei

Hei hi zunthlum a lo awm hmaa warning stage a ni. Hetah hian i thisen sugar level chu a pangngai aia sang a ni a, mahse zunthlum natna chiang taka hriat theihna tur khawpin a sang lo.

Mahse, a chang chuan i kawr, i kekawrte leh i kekawrte ang chi hmunah vun a dum tih i hmu thei. A tlem berah chuan, sawifiah theih loha taksa rihna tlahniam emaw, pung emaw, ei duh lutuk, hah lutuk, thawk hah, mitdel, leh hliam dam zawi zawiin i hmu thei bawk.

Hetiang hunah hian i nunphung i thlak chuan full-blown diabetes lo awm tur chu i veng thei a, i tikhawtlai thei bawk.

• Exercise neih fo thin.
• Ei leh in hrisel ei.
• Taksa rihna dik tak vawn reng.
• Stress enkawl dan tur.
• Meizial zuk loh tur.

Heng thilte hi tih harsa a nih emaw, zunthlum vei theihna chance sang tak i neih chuan doctor-in damdawi a pe thei a ni.

Type 1 Diabetes a ni

Hei hi ‘juvenile diabetes’ an ti thin. Mahse tunah chuan kum eng pawhah a lo thang lian thei tih kan hre ta. Autoimmune condition a ni a . A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hetah hian thil thleng chu kan taksa ngeiin kan taksa hriselna (immune system) hian kan pancreas-a insulin siamtu cells te chu a bei a, a tichhia a ni. Tichuan taksain insulin a siam chhuak thei tawh lo.

Hetiang dinhmun hi ven theih a ni lo. Genetic factors avanga lo awm a ni fo.

Type 1 Diabetes natna lan chhuah dan

Heng symptom chi hrang hrangte hi a lang rang hle a, kar tlemte chhungin a lang chhuak thin.

• Tuihalna leh riltam lutuk tih hriatna.
• Zun chhuah fo thin.
• Mit hmuh a fiah lo.
• Chauhna nasa tak a awm.
• Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem.

A châng chuan, a lan chhuah hmasak ber chu zunthlum coma a ni thei a, chu chuan natna khirh zawk, hriatna hloh ang chi a thlen thei a ni.

Nangmah emaw, i fa emaw hian heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan damdawi in Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal nghal rawh.

Type 1 diabetes hian mit chhunga thisen kalna kawng nalh tak tak (diabetic retinopathy), nerve (diabetic neuropathy), leh kal (diabetic nephropathy) te a tichhe thei a ni. Lung natna leh stroke vei theihna a tipung bawk.

Enkawlna atan chuan pawn lam atanga insulin pek a ni a, insulin pen, pump emaw syringe emaw hmanga pek a ni. Chu bâkah , thisen thlum test neih fo te, ei leh in control te, leh exercise neih te hi a pawimawh hle.

Type 2 Diabetes a ni

Hei hi a tam ber a ni a, zunthlum vei zinga 90% velin an vei a ni. Tun hma chuan ‘adult-onset diabetes’ an ti thin. Mahse tunlai hian thalai leh naupangte zingah pawh a hluar hle. Thau lutuk hi a chhan lian tak a ni.

Heta thil thleng hi taksain insulin siam chhuah a tlahniam a, a nih loh leh taksa cell-te hian insulin siam chhuah chu an chhang tha lo (`Insulin Resistance`). Hei hian pancreas chu a thawkrim zawk a, insulin a siam tam zawk bawk. Mahse hun kal zelah chu chu a tawk lo va, thisen sugar level a sang chho zel a ni.

Type 2 diabetes symptoms hi a lo lang zauh zauh a. Kum tam tak chhung chu symptom an nei lo mai thei. Chuvangin mi tam tak chuan natna dang enkawlna an zawn hian an vei tih hmuhchhuah a ni.

Hetiang chi control tur hian taksa rihna hrisel neih te, ei leh in hrisel ei te, exercise lak te hi a pawimawh hle. Mi thenkhat chuan damdawi emaw insulin injection emaw an ei a ngai thei bawk. Hei hi i doctor-in a ruat vek a ni.

Naupai laia zunthlum vei

Nu thenkhat chuan naupai laiin an taksaa hormone a inthlak avangin hun eng emaw chen chu zunthlum an vei thei a ni. Hei hi ``gestational diabetes'' an ti a, naupai lai emaw, naupai hnu lamah emaw test hmanga hriat theih a ni.

A tam zawkah chuan symptom lian tham a awm lo. Tuihal tam leh zun tam ang chi symptoms na lo tak tak a awm thei bawk. A pawimawh ber chu naute pian hnuah he natna hi a bo vek a ni.

Nu aiin naute pum chhunga naute tan a hlauhawmna a sang zawk. Nu thisen sugar level a san chuan placenta kaltlangin naute hnenah a kal bawk. Hei hian naute hmasawnna a nghawng thei a ni. Naute chu a thau lutuk thei a, a pian tirh lamah thawk a harsat thei a, nakin lawkah zunthlum emaw thau lutuk emaw a vei theihna a sang thei bawk. Chuvangin naupai lai hian zunthlum hi uluk taka control a pawimawh hle.

Zunthlum chi dang hmuh tur awm lo

A chunga kan sawi tak chi thum bakah hian zunthlum chi dang hmuh tur awm lo engemaw zat a awm bawk.

Monogenic Diabetes natna a ni

Gene pakhata inthlak danglamna avanga lo awm a ni. Rochun theih a ni. Vawi tam tak chu zunthlum hi naupan lai emaw, tleirawl lai emaw atanga hmuhchhuah a ni a, Type 1 emaw Type 2 emaw symptoms a lan loh avangin doctor-te chuan hei hi an ringhlel a ni.

Secondary Diabetes natna a ni

Hei hi damdawi lam dinhmun dang emaw, damdawi i ei emaw avanga lo awm thei a ni. Entir nan:

• Hormone kaihhnawih natna (Cushing’s syndrome, Acromegaly) .
• Pancreas natna te
• Cystic Fibrosis (CF) natna a awm thei.
• ``Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome'' (PCOS) a ni a, a rilru a hah lutuk a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a.
• Steroid damdawi thenkhat hun rei tak hman.

Heng hunah hian zunthlum hi a bulpui ber enkawl a nih chuan control theih a ni bawk.