E mōhio ana koe ki tēnei parenga iti kei mua i ō kanohi? Me kōrero tāua mō te kornea!

Kua whakaaro koe he aha taua wāhanga porowhita, kanapa, rite ki te karāhe o tō kanohi? Koinei te ingoa o te cornea. He rite ki te whakangungu rakau iti mō tō kanohi. Me kōrero anō tātou mō tēnei wāhanga whakamiharo i tēnei rā, āe?

He aha tēnei kornea? Ki te kī ngāwari...

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he mea hipoki mārama, he āhua porowhita tō kornea i mua i tō kanohi. Whakaarohia he rite ki te matapihi o mua o te motuka. Koinei te mea e aukati ana i ngā mea pēnei i te puehu me ngā iroriki kei uru ki roto i tō kanohi. He mea nui anō hoki mō tō tirohanga. Ka tātarihia hoki e ia ētahi hihi UV kino. He mea whakamiharo?

Kei mua tonu i te rūma wai kei roto i tō kanohi tō āiri (e kiia nei ko te "Rūma o mua", kei roto he wai e kiia nei ko te "Wai Humor"). Kātahi ka tae mai te "Āiri" e homai ana te tae ki tō kanohi, te "Pupil", ā, ko te karāhe kei roto i tō kanohi. Kei te taha o tō āiri te wāhanga mā o tō kanohi, te "Sclera".

Ko te kiri te parepare tuatahi e puta ake ana ki te hinengaro. Koia te take e ngāwari ake ai te pāngia e ngā aituā iti me ngā kino. Engari he rongo pai tēnei! He kaha whakamiharo tō kiri ki te whakatika i a ia anō.

He aha ngā paparanga o te kornea?

Whakaarohia, i roto i tēnei okana iti, e ono atu ngā paparanga. He mahi motuhake tā ia paparanga. Kia kite tātou he aha rātou?

• Epithelium: Koinei te paparanga o waho rawa o te kanohi. He ārai tēnei i waenganui i te roto o te kanohi me te ao o waho. He tino pāngia hoki e te mamae. E ai ki ngā kairangahau he 300 ki te 600 ngā wā he nui ake ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae i tō kiri! He tino tiaki tēnei pāngia. Nā te mea ka taea e koe te rongo ina he tetahi mea kei tō kanohi, ka taea e koe te whakamutu wawe, te tango rānei.
• Paparanga Bowman: He paparanga pakari tēnei, ko te nuinga he collagen. Mā tēnei ka hanga te korēnea, ā, ka āwhina i a ia ki te pupuri i tōna āhua.
• Stroma: Koinei te paparanga matotoru rawa o te cornea. Ka whakapakari hoki i te hanganga o te cornea. Ka āwhina hoki ki te piko (whakawhiti) i te mārama me te arotahi ki tō retina.
• Paparanga Pre-Descemet (PDL): Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te "paparanga Dua". Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he paparanga ārai-hau tēnei. Arā, he ārai tino kaha i waenganui i te wai i roto i te kanohi me te hau i te ao o waho.
• Paparanga o Descemet: He angiangi, he ngāwari hoki tēnei paparanga, engari he tino kaha. He mea tino nui mō te hanganga o te kanohi. Ka āwhina hoki ki te tiaki i te kanohi mai i te whara me te mate.
• Endothelium: Ko tēnei paparanga te kawenga matua mō te pupuri i te taurite o te wai i roto i te wāhi vitreous me te wāhi intraocular. Mā tēnei hoki e whakarite kia tika te nui o te wai me te wai e hiahiatia ana e te stroma kia pai ai te mahi.

Ahakoa he mahi motuhake tā ia paparanga, ko te kaha tūturu o te karāhe e ahu mai ana i te huarahi e mahi tahi ai ēnei paparanga katoa. He rite ki te "karāhe raima" te "karāhe haumaru" rānei i roto i te matapihi o te motuka. Koinei te wāhi e noho ana he paparanga kirihou angiangi i waenganui i ngā paparanga karāhe e rua, tika? Koia te āhua.

Nō hea rā i ono ngā paparanga o tēnei ao?

Ina hoki, i kitea tēnei `(Papa o mua o Descemet)` i ngā wā tata nei. I whakaputaina te pepa rangahau tuatahi mōna i te tau 2013. Kei te noho tonu te tautohetohe i waenga i ētahi tohunga mēnā he papa motuhake tēnei, he wāhanga rānei o te `(Stroma)`. (I whakaarohia i mua, engari kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau hou he rerekē pea tēnei).

Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau o nāianei he maha ngā rerekētanga nui i waenga i te PDL me te toenga o te stroma. Inaianei ka whakaarohia e ngā taote pokanga kanohi te PDL (ahakoa he paparanga motuhake, kāore rānei) i te wā e whakamahere ana i ngā pokanga kornea.

He aha ngā mate noa ka pā ki te kornea?

Nā te mea he wāhi tino tairongo tō tenetene, he ngāwari ake te pāngia e ngā whara, ngā mate urutā, me ētahi atu mate. Anei ētahi tauira:

• Kanohi maroke: He mea nui ngā roimata kia pai ai te mahi a te epithelium. Mā ngā roimata ka makuku te kanohi, ka āwhina hoki ki te mimiti i te hāora mai i te rangi. He mamae ngā kanohi maroke, ā, ka pā kino ki te tirohanga.
• Ngā Mate Pukupuku: Ki te pakaru te mata o te kornea, ka ngāwari te pangia e ngā iroriki – ngā huaketo, ngā huakita, ngā harore me ngā pirinoa. Hei tauira, ko te mate pirinoa Acanthamoeba keratitis.
• Keratitis: Ko te keratitis, te mumura rānei o te cornea, ka puta mai i ngā mate urutā, ngā whara, me ngā mate maha.
• Ngā Whara: Pērā i te matapihi o te motuka, ka taea e ō kanohi te pakaru i ngā mea me ngā huihuinga o waho. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki ngā karawarawa, ngā motu, ngā mate puku, me ngā horo. Whakaarohia te mamae o te ngākau mēnā ka uru he puehu iti ki roto i ō kanohi!
• Te kino ki te taiao: He tino pāngia tō kiri e te wera nui me te makariri. He mea noa te wera o te kiri (nā te wera, nā te hihi ultraviolet rānei). Ka taea hoki e ngā matū (wai, hau rānei) te whakararu.
• Ngā mate hanganga `(Ngā mate puku)`:Tērā ētahi mate e pā ana ki te hanganga o te kornea, te āhua o tōna hononga ki te kornea, ngā mea e rua rānei. E kiia ana ēnei āhuatanga ko te "Corneal dystrophyes". Neke atu i te rua tekau ngā momo mate pēnei, ko ētahi tauira ko te "Keratoconus" me te "Fuchs' dystrophy".

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate o te kornea?

He maha ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana mō ngā mate o te ara mimi. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Ngā rongoā e hokona ana i waho o te tākuta: Ka taea te whakaora i ngā raruraru ngāwari pēnei i te riri iti o ngā kanohi me ngā kanohi maroke mā te whakamahi i ngā rongoā ngāwari ka taea te hoko mai i te whare rongoā, i te hūpāmakete rānei.
• Ngā Rongoā: He maha ngā mate kiri, inā koa ngā mate pāwera, ka taea te rongoā mā te whakamahi i ngā rongoā. He maha o ēnei e puta mai ana i te ahua o ngā kirīmi, o ngā pata kanohi rānei. Ko ētahi e wātea ana hei pire hei tango mā te waha.
• Ngā hipoki, ngā maimoatanga rānei e taea te mau: Ko te tauira māmā ko te whakamahi i te taupoki kanohi hei tiaki i te kanohi, hei pupuri hoki kia katia kia ora rā anō te patunga. Ko ngā maimoatanga uaua ake ko ngā karaihe kanohi, ngā karaihe kanohi takai, me ngā tākai kiriuhi amniotic.
• Ngā pokanga taiaho: He pokanga whakatikatika tirohanga ēnei. Ka whakamahia he hihi taiaho hei whakarerekē i te āhua o te kornea me te arotahi i te mārama ki tētahi atu huarahi. He momo pokanga taiaho noa te LASIK.
• Ngā pokanga kanohi: He maha ngā huarahi ka taea e ēnei pokanga te āwhina, inā koa ki te whakatika i ngā pakaru me te whakatika i ētahi āhuatanga kanohi.
• Te whakawhitinga kōnea, te whakanoho rānei i te kōnea horihori: I roto i te wā, ka pōuri pea tō kōnea, ka kore rānei e aro tika te mārama. Ina kino haere ēnei raruraru, me pokanga pea koe hei whakakapi i tō kōnea.

He mea nui: Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga hei āwhina i ngā mate kanohi ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha. Ka whai wāhi pea tō āhua motuhake, tō hītori hauora, me ō āhuatanga whaiaro. Nō reira, ko tō tākuta kanohi, ko tō kaiwhakarato hauora rānei te tangata pai rawa atu hei ako atu mō ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e tika ana māu.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i taku kornea mai i ngā kino?

Ko te huarahi tino nui hei tiaki i ō kanohi mai i ngā aituā ko te mau i ngā mōhiti tiaki, i ngā karu ārai rānei . Ahakoa he wā poto noa iho, he torutoru hēkona noa iho ka puta he whara kanohi.

Me mau koe i ngā ārai kanohi i ēnei wā:

• I te wā e mahi ana me ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini:He mea noa tēnei mō ngā taputapu ringaringa me ngā taputapu hiko. Ahakoa he mea ngāwari pēnei i te oro i te rakau ki te pepa oro me te kore he parenga, ka pāngia pea ngā kanohi e te mamae, e te whara rānei.
• Te māra me te mahi māra: Ka taea e ngā para rau, ngā tapatapahi tarutaru, ngā toka, me te oneone te whakararu i ō kanohi ina mahi ana i te māra, i te kāinga rānei. He mea noa anō hoki tēnei mō ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini e āwhina ana ki te mahi māra, pērā i ngā mīhini tapahi tarutaru, ngā mīhini kutikuti aho (ngā mīhini kai taru rānei), ngā kani mekameka, me ngā mīhini pupuhi rau.
• Ina whakamahia te hau kōpeke, te wai rānei: Ko ngā tauira e rua ko te horoi i te ara hikoi mā te pēhanga, te whakamahi rānei i te hau kōpeke hei tango i te puehu i roto i te rorohiko, i tētahi atu taputapu hiko rānei. Ka taea e te pēhanga i ngā āhuatanga e rua te whakararu i ngā kōhatu iti, ngā paru, te puehu rānei.
• Ina whakamahia ngā matū ki te kāinga, ki te mahi rānei: Ahakoa ngā matū noa pēnei i te wai mākū me te wai horoi paipa, ka ngawari te turuturu ki roto i ō kanohi, ahakoa me tūpato koe.
• Ina mahi ana i te taha o ngā pūtake wera me ngā mura ahi: He tairongo ake ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae i roto i ō kanohi ki te wera i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae i roto i tō kiri. Ka taea e te tiaki kanohi te āwhina i a koe mai i te mamae i puta mai i ngā kohu, i ngā kino rānei i puta mai i te kohu o te ahi.
• Te pānga ki te hihi UV: Ka taea e ngā hihi UV e whakaatahia ana mai i te wai me ngā mata kua taupokina e te hukarere te tahu i tō kornea. Ka taea e tēnei te puta he weranga uira o te kornea, he mate kiriuhi rānei.
• I te wā e takaro ana i ngā hākinakina: Ka taea e ngā karu ārai te tiaki i a koe mai i ngā mea rere. E pā ana tēnei ki ngā hākinakina pēnei i te pēihipora, te tēnehi, te hōkī, te pōro piki, me te pōro raketi. Me mau tonu hoki ngā karu ārai i te wā e takaro ana i ngā hākinakina whāinga (te kopere, te pupuhi mahanga, te pupuhi skeet).

Ētahi atu tohutohu nui mō te ārai i ngā aituā:

• Pānuihia ngā tohutohu: E pā ana tēnei ki ngā mīhini me ngā matū. Mā ngā tapanga matū koe e tohutohu ki te aha me mahi mēnā ka uru ki ō kanohi (ā, he māmā noa iho te pānui i ngā tapanga mēnā kāore he mea e uru ki ō kanohi). He mea noa te hiahia ki te haere tonu ki te mahi, engari mā te tatari ki te pānui i te tapanga ka nui te rerekētanga.
• Whakamahia te momo tiaki kanohi tika: Ka taea e ngā mōhiti haumaru me ngā papa taha, ngā ārai rānei te tiaki i a koe mai i ngā paru e rere ana mai i te hunga e mahi tata ana. Ko ngā mōhiti he taha kirihou ngohengohe e piri pai ana ki tō mata te mea pai hei ārai i ngā matū me ngā paoa kei uru ki roto i ō kanohi.
• Me whakarite kei te mahi tika tō pare kanohi:Kāore he hua o ngā mōhiti tiaki mēnā kāore e tiaki i a koe. Nō reira, kia tika ō mōhiti mō tāu mahi. I ngā taiao e nui ana te hihi o te rā e whakaatahia ana, kia tika te whakamahi i ngā karāhe porowhita o ō mōhiti. He pai ake ēnei mō te aukati i ngā hihi UV i ngā karāhe tae noa iho.
• Horoia ō ringaringa i te wā e tunu kai ana, e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu, i ngā matū rānei: Ahakoa kei te mahi koe me ngā kai kino i roto i te kīhini, kei te mahi rānei i ngā mahi o te whare, ka taea e ngā ringaringa kāore i horoia te whakawhiti i ngā matū, ngā matūriki iti, me ngā paru ki roto i ō kanohi.
• Me rapu tonu koe i te tohutohu hauora mō ngā wera i roto i ō kanohi, i te taha rānei o ō kanohi: Ahakoa he wera iti noa iho, mēnā ka pā ki te taha, ki runga rānei i ō kanohi, me rongoā tika. Kia tūpato tonu i te wā e rapu ana koe i te tohutohu hauora.
• Kaua e tūpono ki te taraiwa me te whara o te kanohi: Mena he huringa o tō tirohanga, he tohu rānei o te kanohi e whakaaro ana koe nā te whara pea, kaua e taraiwa. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakararu i a koe anō, i ētahi atu rānei.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o taku kornea?

Ka taea e koe te mahi i ēnei mea hei tiaki i a koe mai i ngā mate me ētahi āhuatanga:

• Whakamātautauhia ō kanohi i ia wā: Ka āwhina ēnei i a koe ki te tautuhi i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki tō tirohanga (me ō kanohi whānui) i mua i te puta mai o ngā tohu.
• Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa (ahakoa kāore koe e pā ana ki ngā mea ka whakapataritari i ō kanohi): Ka āwhina tēnei ki te ārai i ngā iroriki kāore e hiahiatia kia uru ki roto i ō kanohi.
• Kaua e tohaina ngā mea pēnei i te meiki ki ētahi atu: Ka horapa pea ngā mate kanohi ki te tohatoha i ēnei mea.
• Kia tika te mau, te penapena, me te tiaki i ngā karaihe whakapā: He mea tino nui tēnei nā te mea ka tiaki i ō kanohi mai i ngā mate kino. Ka taea e ētahi mate te whakararu i ngā kanohi, tae atu ki te ngaronga tirohanga tuturu.
• Kaua e pā atu, e mirimiri rānei i ō kanohi: Kei roto i tēnei ko te mirimiri i ō kanohi ki ō kamo. Ka taea e ēnei te kino, te ngoikore rānei i te mata o te cornea.

He aha ngā tohu o te kanohi e tohu ana me rapu tohutohu hauora koe?

He maha ngā tohu, ngā huringa rānei e tohu ana me rapu awhina hauora koe. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Ngā huringa o te tirohanga, tae atu ki te tirohanga takirua, te pōuriuri, me te whakapōturi.
• Te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga.
• He kare ā-roto kei roto i te kanohi (ahakoa e kitea ana te mea, kāore rānei – ka rerekē mai i te mamae ngawari ki te mamae nui, kāore e taea te pupuri).
• He mea tauhou e kitea ana, engari kāore e taea te tango mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tika.
• Mamae kanohi.
• Ngā kanohi waiwai (Epiphora).
• Te aro nui ki te mārama (photophobia).
• Te whero, te mumura rānei o ngā kanohi.
• Ki te kite koe i te toto, i te wai rānei i muri, i roto rānei i tō kanohi, engari i mua, i waho rānei o te `(Iris)`, o te `(Pupil)` rānei.
• Ki te pā tika atu ki te kanohi, ki te taha rānei o te kanohi.
• He kōhao e kitea ana, he haehae, he patunga rānei i roto i tō kanohi, i te mata rānei o tō kanohi.

Engari kāore i te oti tēnei rārangi. Mēnā kei te ruarua koe, kia tūpato tonu. Mā te mahi pēnā ka nui te painga ki te tiaki i tō tirohanga.

He aha tāu e mea ai mēnā ka uru tetahi mea ki roto i tō kanohi?

Ki te mea kei te pēhia tō kanohi e te mate, kaua e mataku, engari me manawa hōhonu. Anei ētahi mea pai hei mahi, me ētahi mea kāore e tika ana:

Ngā mea pai hei mahi:

• Tuatahi, horoia ō ringaringa ki te hopi kia tino mārie.
• Ngāna kia horoia mārire tō kanohi ki te wai ma. Tukua kia rere te wai ki roto i te kanohi.
• Ki te taea, titiro ki roto i te whakaata, kia kite ai mēnā ka kitea e koe tetahi mea i roto i tō kanohi.
• Me tono atu ki tētahi atu kia tirohia māu.
• Mena he mea iti noa iho, nekehia ō kanohi ka kimo haere kia kite ai mēnā ka memeha haere.
• Ki te kore he huarahi hei tango, ki te mamae te kanohi, ki te pōuri rānei tō tirohanga, me toro atu ki te tākuta tonu .

Ngā mea kāore e tika ana kia mahia:

• Kaua rawa e mirimiri i tō kanohi! Mā te pēnā ka taea e koe te pana i te mea ki roto i tō kanohi, te rakuraku rānei i tō kornea.
• Kaua e ngana ki te wero i ō kanohi ki ngā mea koi (pērā i te rākau, i te kutikuti rānei).
• Kaua e pā ki ō kanohi ki ngā ringaringa paru, ki ngā kakahu paru rānei.
• Ki te kore e taea e koe te tango atu i a koe anō, kaua e akiaki.

Ka taea e koe te kite me te kore he kornea?

Kāo. Ko tō kornea te mea e piko ana i te mārama, e arotahi ana ki te retina kei muri o tō kanohi. Ka tiaki hoki i ētahi atu wāhanga tairongo o tō kanohi. Nō reira, ki te kore tēnei, e kore e taea e ō kanohi te kite tika.

Kia pēhea te roa e ora ai te kornea kua pakaru?

He tino kaha tō kanohi ki te whakaora i a ia anō. Ka ora ngā whara kanohi iti i roto i ētahi haora. Ka roa pea ētahi whara i ētahi rā hei whakaora. I ngā wā rerekē, i ngā wā motuhake rānei, ka roa ake pea. Ko tō tākuta kanohi te tangata pai hei kōrero atu mō te wā whakaora tika māu, me ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakahaere i tō whakaoranga kia maeneene.

Ka tiakina e tō kornea te roto o tō kanohi, ā, kī tonu i ngā pito io. Ina mahi tika ana, kāore pea koe e whakaaro ki a rātou. Engari ki te he tetahi o rātou, ki a rātou rānei, ka tino uaua, ā, kāore e taea e koe te whakaaro ki tētahi atu mea.

He waimarie, he kaha whakamiharo tō ō kanohi ki te whakaora, ā, ka taea e te nuinga o ngā patunga te whakaora i roto i ngā rā torutoru, i ētahi wā tae noa ki ngā hāora. Engari e kore tēnā e tupu mēnā kāore koe e mahi i ngā mea e tika ana kia mahia hei tiaki i a rātou. Mēnā he raruraru tōu e pā ana ki ō kanohi, kōrero ki tētahi tohunga kanohi. Me tirotiro hoki ō kanohi i ia wā. Mā te tiaki i ō kanohi ka āwhina i te tiaki i te roto o ō kanohi, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te kite.

Ngā mea hei ako mā tātou i tēnei (Karere hei tango i te kāinga)

Āe, anei ētahi o ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara māu mai i ngā mea i kōrerohia e tātou i tēnei rā:

• He mea tino nui, he mea tairongo hoki tō korēnia mō tō kanohi. He rite ki te matapihi o mua o te motuka.
• He maha ngā paparanga o tēnei mea, he mahi motuhake tā ia paparanga. Mā te mahi tahi, ka tiakina te kanohi, ka āwhina hoki i a koe kia mārama te titiro.
• Ka ngawari te pakaru o te kiri, ka pangia, ka pāngia hoki e ngā mate maha, nō reira he mea tino nui te tiaki.
• Ka taea e koe te tiaki i a koe anō mā te mahi i ngā mea ngāwari pēnei i te mau i ngā mōhiti tiaki, te horoi i ō ringaringa, me te whakamahi tika i ngā karaihe whakapā.
• Ki te kite koe i tētahi mea rerekē i roto i ō kanohi (mamae, tirohanga pōuri, whero), rapua tonutia he tohutohu hauora. He māmā ake te rongoā i te kitenga wawe.
• Kaua e wareware ki te tirotiro i ō kanohi i ia wā.

Ko ō kanohi tētahi o ngā taonga tino nui kei a koe, nō reira he kawenga māu te tiaki pai i a rātou.

` Sclera, cornea, hauora kanohi, mate kanohi, tiaki kanohi, paparanga kanohi, maimoatanga kanohi