Kia mōhio tātou he aha ēnei mea e pā ana ki ō whatukuhu.

I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi okana tino nui o roto i tō tātou tinana. Ko ngā whatukuhu tēnā. Kua rongo pea koe mō ngā whatukuhu, engari e mōhio ana koe ki te uaua o tā rātou mahi me te nui o tōna pānga ki tō tātou hauora? Me kōrero tātou mō ēnei mea katoa i roto i te huarahi māmā noa iho, i roto i te huarahi e mārama ai koe.

He aha ngā whatukuhu?

Ki te kī māmā noa, he takirua ngā whatukuhu he rite ki te pīni te āhua, e tātari ana, e horoi ana i ō toto. He wāhanga nui ēnei o tō pūnaha mimi.

Whakaarohia, e tātarihia ana e ō whatukuhu te 200 rita o te wai i ia rā. He nui tēnā hei whakakī i tētahi kaukau nui! I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tangohia e ngā whatukuhu ngā para, ka tukuna atu i te tinana hei mimi. Ko te nuinga o te tangata e tuku ana i te rua rita o te mimi i ia rā. Ko te toenga 198 rita o te wai ka mimitihia anō ki roto i te tinana.

Ka āwhina hoki ngā whatukuhu ki te pupuri i te taurite o ngā wai (ko te nuinga he wai) me ngā irahiko i roto i tō tinana. He kohuke nui ēnei irahiko pērā i te konutai me te pāhare pāporo.

Ko wai kei te nui ake te mōrearea ki te pāngia e ngā raruraru whatukuhu?

Ko te hunga mate huka, te toto toto tiketike rānei te hunga tino mōrearea ki te pāngia e ngā raruraru tākihi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ngā aituā, ngā aituā motuka, me ngā whara hākinakina te whakararu i te tākihi.

He aha te mea e tupu ana ki ngā whatukuhu?

He maha ngā mahi nui a ō whatukuhu. Ko te mea nui ko te tātari i ngā paitini me ngā hua para i roto i te toto. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā hua para hauota (urea), ngā hua para uaua (creatinine), me ngā waikawa. Whakaarohia pēnei: ​​tata ki te hawhe kapu toto ka tātarihia mā roto i ngā whatukuhu i ia meneti.

Koinei te āhua o tēnei tukanga:

• Ka rere te toto ki ngā whatukuhu mā roto i tētahi oko toto nui e kiia nei ko te uaua whatukuhu.
• Kātahi ka tātarihia tēnei toto mā roto i ngā uaua toto tino angiangi i roto i ngā whatukuhu.
• Ko te toto kua tātarihia pēnei ka hoki ki tō pūnaha tohanga toto mā tētahi atu uaua toto nui e kiia nei ko te uaua whatukuhu.
• Ka haere te mimi e puta ana i roto i ngā ngongo uaua e kiia nei ko ngā ureter ki te pūkahukahu. Ka rongoa te pūkahukahu i te mimi kia mimi rā anō koe.

Ko ētahi atu mea e pā ana ki ngā whatukuhu ko:

• Ka whakahaere i te toenga waikawa-pūtake (taurite pH) o tō toto.
• Ki te kore e nui te huka i roto i te toto, ka hangaia te huka (te hukahuka).
• Ka whakaputahia he pūmua e kiia nei ko te renin, e whakanui ana i te toto toto.
• E rua ngā homoni ka puta mai i roto, arā, ko te calcitriol me te erythropoietin. Ko te Calcitriol he momo huaora D e āwhina ana i te tinana ki te mimiti i te konupūmā. Ka āwhina te Erythropoietin i te tinana ki te hanga i ngā toto whero.

Kei runga ake i ia whatukuhu he repe adrenal. Ka puta mai i tēnei he homoni pēnei i te cortisol. He homoni te cortisol e āwhina ana i tō tinana ki te urupare ki te ahotea.

Kei roto hoki te Cortisol i:

• Whakahaere i te pākia o te tinana.
• Ka whakaiti i te mumura.
• Whakahaere i te toto toto.
• Ka whakanui ake i ngā taumata huka toto.

Me pēhea te tātari toto e aku whatukuhu?

Neke atu i te miriona ngā wae tātari o ia whatukuhu e kiia nei ko ngā nephron. Ko te nephron he mea hanga mai i ēnei wāhanga:

• Ngā Pūkahukahu : He hanganga ēnei i hangaia mai i ngā uaua toto tino angiangi. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te tātari toto ka puta i konei. Kātahi ka tukuna te rauemi tātari ki ngā ngongo whatukuhu. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te tātari pūkahukahu.
• Ngā ngongo whatukuhu : Ka mimiti anō ēnei ngongo ririki i te wai, i ngā matūkai, me ngā kohuke pēnei i te konutai me te pāhare pāporo. Ka tangohia ngā waikawa me ngā para nui rawa, tae atu ki te wai, mā te tukanga e kiia nei ko te horapa. Ka tukuna ngā para e toe ana mā roto i ngā awa kohi o ngā whatukuhu, ā, ka puta atu i te tinana hei mimi.

Ka taea te noho me te whatukuhu kotahi?

Ae, ka taea e koe te ora me te whatukuhu kotahi anake . I ētahi wā, ka tangohia e ngā tākuta tetahi whatukuhu i roto i te pokanga "nephrectomy radical" mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate pukupuku.

Tērā pea ka pāngia te tangata e ēnei āhuatanga kia kotahi anake te whatukuhu:

• Te tango i tētahi o ngā whatukuhu nā te mate pukupuku, nā te whara rānei.
• Te tuku i tētahi whatukuhu ki tētahi atu tangata hei whakawhitinga whatukuhu.
• Ko te agenesis whatukuhu ko te kotahi anake te whatukuhu i te whānautanga.
• I whānau mai me ngā whatukuhu e rua, kotahi anake e mahi ana (kidney dysplasia).

Kei hea ō whatukuhu?

Kei raro i tō rara ō whatukuhu, kei muri i tō puku . Kei ia taha o tō tuara ēnei. Kei waenganui i ō whekau me te diaphragm. Ka honoa ia whatukuhu ki tō mimi e te ureter.

He aha ngā wāhanga matua o te whatukuhu?

He okana tino uaua ō whatukuhu, he maha ōna wāhanga. Anei ētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te hanganga o te whatukuhu:

• Pūpū whatukuhu : He kiko honohono, he kiko ngako rānei tēnei e hipoki ana i ngā whatukuhu. Ka tiaki i ngā whatukuhu mai i te whara, ka whakapiki i tō rātou pumau, ā, ka hono i a rātou ki ngā kiko e karapoti ana.
• Te uaua whatukuhu : Koinei te uaua toto nui e whakahaere ana i te rere o te toto ki ngā whatukuhu. I te wā okioki, ka pupuhihia e ngā whatukuhu o te nuinga o te tangata neke atu i te 5 kapu (1.2 rita) o te toto ia meneti.
• Te kiri whatukuhuKoinei te paparanga o waho rawa o te whatukuhu. Ka tīmata ngā nephron (ngā wae tātari toto) i konei. Ka whakaputahia hoki e te cortex whatukuhu he homoni e kiia nei ko te erythropoietin (EPO). Ka āwhina tēnei i te hinu wheua ki te hanga i ngā pūtau toto whero.
• Te medulla whatukuhu : Koinei te wāhanga o roto o te whatukuhu. Kei roto te nuinga o ngā nephron, me ngā glomeruli me ngā ngongo whatukuhu. Ka haria e ngā ngongo whatukuhu te mimi ki te wāhi e kiia nei ko te pelvis whatukuhu.
• Papilla whatukuhu : Ka tukuna te mimi e ēnei hanganga āhua-piramita ki roto i ngā ureter. Ka taea e te maroke me ētahi rongoā, inā koa ko ngā rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal (NSAID), te kino i ēnei papilla whatukuhu.
• Peke whatukuhu : Ka kohia te mimi e tēnei hanganga āhua-āwhiowhio, ka tukuna ki raro i ngā ureter. Ka haere te mimi mā roto i ngā ureter ki te pūkahukahu, ki reira rongoa ai.
• Utauta whatukuhu : Ko tēnei uaua te oko toto matua e kawe ana i te toto kua tātarihia mai i ngā whatukuhu ki te ngākau. He oko toto whatukuhu tō ia whatukuhu.

Kia ako tātou i ētahi kōrero mō te tae, te rahi, me te taumaha o ngā whatukuhu.

He whero-parauri te tae o ō whatukuhu. E 4 ki te 5 inihi te roa o ia whatukuhu, he rite te rahi ki te ringa kua pūmau .

He rerekē te taumaha o ia whatukuhu i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Ka rerekē pea tēnei i runga i ngā mea pēnei i tō teitei, tō taumaha, tō tau, tō taupū papatipu tinana (BMI), me te wāhi e noho ana koe.

• Mena he tāne koe, ko te taumaha o te whatukuhu matau mai i te 79 karamu (tata ki te 1/5 pauna) ki te 223 karamu (neke atu i te 1/2 pauna). Ko te taumaha o te whatukuhu maui mai i te 74 karamu (iti iho i te 1/5 pauna) ki te 235 karamu (neke atu i te 1/2 pauna).
• Mena he wahine koe, ko te taumaha o te whatukuhu matau mai i te 55 karamu (neke atu i te 1/10 pauna) ki te 274 karamu (tata ki te 3/5 pauna). Ko te taumaha o te whatukuhu maui mai i te 67 karamu (tata ki te 3/20 pauna) ki te 261 karamu (neke atu i te 3/5 pauna).

He aha ngā pūtake o te kino o te whatukuhu?

He mahi tino nui tā ō whatukuhu i roto i tō tinana. Nō reira, ka pāngia pea rātou e ngā momo mate hauora. Anei ētahi mate e pā ana ki ngā whatukuhu:

• Mate tākihi mau tonu (CKD) : Ka taea e tēnei āhuatanga te aukati i te mahi tika a ngā tākihi. Ko te mate huka, te toto toto tiketike rānei te take o te CKD.
• Matepukupuku whatukuhu : Ko te matepukupuku pūtau whatukuhu te momo matepukupuku whatukuhu e tino kitea ana.
• Te ngoikore o te whatukuhu / te ngoikore o te whatukuhuKa pā mai pea te ngoikore o te whatukuhu i te wā ohorere (whakamataku) ka pā mai rānei he hekenga roa o te mahi whatukuhu (mau tonu). Ko te mate whatukuhu whakamutunga ko te wā kua mutu katoa te mahi a ngā whatukuhu. Koinei te wā e hiahiatia ai te dialysis (he maimoatanga e tātari ana i te toto hei utu mō ngā whatukuhu).
• Mate tākihi (pyelonephritis) : Ka puta ngā mate tākihi ina piki ake ngā huakita i roto i te ara mimi ka uru ki roto i ngā tākihi. Ka puta ngā tohu ohorere i ēnei mate. Ka rongoāhia ēnei e ngā tākuta ki ngā paturopi.
• Ngā kōhatu whatukuhu : He tioata ngā kōhatu whatukuhu e puta mai ana i roto i te mimi, ā, ka ārai i te rere o te mimi. I ētahi wā ka puta noa atu ēnei kōhatu. Ki te kore, ka taea e ngā tākuta te rongoā mā te wawahi, te tango rānei.
• Ngā pūwero whatukuhu : He pēke wai ēnei e puta mai ana i roto i ngā whatukuhu. Ka taea e ēnei pūwero te kino i ngā whatukuhu. Ka taea e ngā tākuta te tango atu.
• Mate tākihi polycystic (PKD) : Ka puta he maha ngā kiore i roto i ngā tākihi i tēnei āhuatanga. He āhuatanga ira te PKD. Ka taea e ia te whakaputa i te toto toto tiketike me te ngoikore o te tākihi. Me tirotirohia tonutia te hunga whai PKD e te rata.

Haunga tēnei, he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga hauora ka pā ki ngā whatukuhu. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Te waikawa : Ka nui te waikawa ka kohia i roto i ngā whatukuhu, ka pā mai he maha ngā raruraru hauora, ā, ka mate pea.
• Te nephritis whakapeka, te nephritis interstitial rānei : Whai muri i te pānga ki ētahi paturopi, ka mumura pea ngā whatukuhu, ā, ka ngoikore pea.
• Azotemia : Ka kohia ngā para hauota ki roto i ngā whatukuhu. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka mate pea.
• Caliectasis : Ka pupuhi ngā calyces (te wāhi e tīmata ai te kohi mimi) i te nui o te wai. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka arahi pea ki te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Te mate pūkahukahu e pā ana ki te mate huka, te mate pūkahukahu toto tiketike rānei : Ka puta te kino o ngā whatukuhu nā te mate huka kāore i te whakahaeretia, te toto toto tiketike rānei mō te wā roa.
• Ngā mate o te glomeruli : Ka puta te mumura, te kino rānei o ngā glomeruli i ēnei mate, ka arahi pea ki te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Te mate huringa iti me te mate nephrotic : Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka puta te pūmua nui rawa atu i roto i te mimi mai i ngā whatukuhu.
• Te mate pāwera o te papillaryKa mate ngā wahi o te kiko whatukuhu i roto i te medulla me te papilla. Ka taea e tēnei kiko te pakaru me te aukati i ngā whatukuhu, ka puta te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Pūmua-mimi : Ko te tikanga tēnei he nui te pūmua i roto i ō whatukuhu. He tohu pea tēnei kua pakaru te whatukuhu.
• Pyelonephritis : He mate whatukuhu ohorere tēnei e pupuhi ai (edema) i roto i ngā whatukuhu. Ka taea te whakararu i te ora.
• Uremia : Ka kohia ngā paitini e puta noa ana i roto i te mimi ki roto i te toto. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka mate pea.

He aha ngā tohu tuatahi o ngā raruraru o te whatukuhu?

He maha ngā raruraru whatukuhu kāore e whakaatu i ngā tohu nui i ngā wāhanga tōmua. I te haere whakamua o te kino o te whatukuhu, ka kite pea koe i ngā mea pēnei i:

• Te kōpeketanga o ngā uaua : Ka pakari ngā uaua nā te kore taurite o ngā electrolytes.
• Mimi pouri, mimi toto rānei : Ina pakaru ngā tātari i roto i ngā whatukuhu, ka turuturu ngā pūtau toto ki roto i te mimi.
• Mimi huka : Mena he mimi pupuhi kei roto i te mimi, he tohu pea tēnei kua nui rawa te pūmua.
• Kiri mākūkū, maroke : Ka mākūkū te kiri nā te kore taurite o ngā kohuke me ngā matūkai i roto i te toto.
• Te mimi pinepine : Me mimi pinepine pea koe nā te mea he raruraru ki te tātari para.
• Te pupuhi i te taha o ngā kanohi, te pupuhi rānei i ngā pona me ngā waewae : Ina heke te mahi a te whatukuhu, ka taea e te tinana te pupuri i te pūmua me te konutai, ka puta ai te pupuhi.
• Te kore moe, te ngenge, me te ngaro o te hiahia kai : Mena ka nui haere ngā paitini i roto i te toto, ka rerekē pea tō moe, tō hiahia kai, me tō taumata pūngao.

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tirotiro i te hauora o ōku whatukuhu?

He maha ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei ine i te mahi a te whatukuhu, hei kite hoki i ngā raruraru o te whatukuhu. Tērā pea ka tūtohu tō tākuta i ēnei whakamātautau:

• Whakaahua matatau : Ka taea e ngā hihi-X, ngā karapa CT, ngā MRI, ngā ultrasound, ngā whakaahua rongoā karihi rānei te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, i ngā aukati rānei i roto i ngā whatukuhu.
• Ngā whakamātautau toto : Ka whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau toto te pai o te tātari toto a ō glomeruli.
• Kohikohi whatukuhu : I roto i te kohikohi whatukuhu, ka tangohia e te tākuta he tauira iti o te kiko o tō whatukuhu ka tirohia i raro i te karuārai.
• Ureteroscopy : Ka tukuna e te tākuta he ngongo (he endoscope) mā roto i tō urethra ki roto i tō pūkahukahu me ngā ureters hei tirotiro mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
• Te tātaritanga mimiKa tātarihia tō mimi e te tātaritanga mimi. Ka inehia ngā matū motuhake, pērā i te pūmua, te toto rānei.

Me pēhea taku pupuri i te hauora o ōku whatukuhu?

He mea nui kia tirotirohia te hauora me te whakamātautau toto me te mimi i ia wā hei aroturuki i te hauora o ō whatukuhu. Ka taea e koe te mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei hei whakaiti i tō tupono ki te whakawhanake i ngā raruraru whatukuhu:

• Kati, karohia rānei te momi hikareti me te whakamahi i ngā hua tupeka (ka taea e tō tākuta te āwhina i a koe ki te kimi huarahi hei whakamutu).
• Whakaitihia te kai tote nui rawa , nā te mea ka pā ki te toenga o ngā kohuke i roto i te toto.
• Inumia he nui te wai .
• Whakanuia te whakakori tinana o ia rā , ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te toto toto tiketike.
• Whakawhāitihia te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal (NSAID) , nā te mea ki te nui rawa te tango i ēnei ka kino pea ngā whatukuhu.
• Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora .
• Aroturukihia ō taumata toto toto .
• Mena he mate huka koe, kia tupato ki te aroturuki i ō taumata huka toto .

He pai te inu nui i te wai mō ngā whatukuhu?

Ae, he tino pai te inu wai mō ō whatukuhu . Ka āwhina te wai i ō whatukuhu ki te tango i ngā paitini me ngā para mā te mimi. Ka āwhina hoki ki te pupuri i te hauora o ō uaua toto, ka taea ai e ō toto te kawe i ngā matūkai ki ō whatukuhu.

He mea pai hoki te inu i te nui o te wai hei ārai i ngā kōhatu tākihi me ngā mate mimi (UTI). Mēnā he nui te wai o ō tākihi, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e ngā kōhatu tākihi. Mēnā he nui te wai e inuhia ana e koe, he iti ake hoki te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e ngā UTI nā te mea he maha ake ō mimi. Nā te mea ka mimi koe, ka horoia atu ngā huakita e puta ai ngā UTI.

"I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e koe te mōhio mēnā kei te inu koe i te nui o te wai mā te tae o tō mimi. Ki te nui te wai e inuhia ana e koe, me kōwhai mārama, me mārama rānei tō mimi. Ki te matewai koe, ka kōwhai pouri tō mimi."

Kia pēhea te nui o te wai me inu e au kia ora ai ōku whatukuhu?

I te toharite, me inu e ngā tāne te 13 kapu (3 rita) o te wai ia rā. Me inu e ngā wāhine te 9 kapu (neke atu i te 2 rita) o te wai ia rā.

Ka taea te inu nui rawa i te wai? He aha ngā mea ka puta mēnā ka pērā koe?

Ae, tera pea ka nui rawa te wai e inuhia ana. Ki te pera koe, tera pea ka pāngia koe e te mate e kiia nei ko te haurangi wai, ko te hyponatremia rānei (te polydipsia tuatahi). Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka arahi pea ēnei mate ki te haurangi, te koma, te whakarerekētanga o te āhua hinengaro, tae atu ki te mate.

He mamae whatukuhu tēnei, he mamae tuara rānei? Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai?

Ka pōhēhē te tangata i waenganui i te mamae o te whatukuhu me te mamae o te tuara nā te mea he rite tonu te tangi. Āe, kia kite tātou me pēhea te mārama ki tēnei.

Ko te mamae o te tuara ka puta i te nuinga o te wā ki te rohe o raro o tō tuara.

Ka pā te mamae o te whatukuhu ki roto rawa i te tinana, ki te tuara o runga . He maha ngā wā ka pā te mamae ki ia taha, ki ia taha, ki te tuara o waenganui ki te tuara o runga (i raro i ngā rara, i te taha matau, i te taha maui rānei o te tuara). Tērā pea ka horapa atu tēnei mamae ki ētahi atu wāhi, pērā i te puku, i te hope rānei.

Ko te mamae o te whatukuhu ka puta mai i te pupuhi, i te aukati rānei i roto i ngā whatukuhu, i te ara mimi rānei. Ko ngā tohu ko te kirika, te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, me te mamae i te wā e mimi ana.

Āhea ahau me kōrero ki te tākuta mō ōku whatukuhu?

Ka rerekē ngā tohu e puta mai i ngā mate whatukuhu. Mēnā kāore ō whatukuhu e mahi tika ana, ka pāngia pea koe e tētahi, e ētahi rānei o ēnei tohu:

• Ngā panonitanga o te mimi, o ngā tikanga rānei e mimi ana (pērā i te haere pinepine ki te wharepaku).
• Te pōhēhē, te uaua rānei ki te arotahi.
• Kiri maroke, kiri mākūkū rānei.
• Te ngenge nui.
• Te toto toto tiketike (te toto toto tiketike).
• Te wiri o ngā uaua.
• Te ngaronga o te hiahia kai, te reka whakarewa rānei o te kai.
• Te mamae o te puku, te ruaki rānei.
• Te pupuhi, inā koa i te taha o ngā ringaringa, o ngā pona rānei.

Mena kei a koe tētahi o ēnei āhuatanga, me tirotirohia tonutia tō mahi whatukuhu:

• Mena he hītori o te mate tākihi tō tetahi o te whānau.
• Mate huka.
• Mate ngakau.
• Te toto toto tiketike.
• Te momona, te taumaha rawa rānei.
• Mena ka whakamahia e koe ētahi rongoā i ia wā, pērā i te rongoā whakaheke toto.

Nā, ko te karere whakamutunga hei kawe ki te kāinga:

Nā, kua mōhio koe inaianei ko ngā whatukuhu he okana iti engari he mea nui i roto i tō tātou tinana. Mai i te purenga o te toto, ki te whakataurite i ngā taumata wai o te tinana, ngā tote kohuke, me te whakaputa homoni, he maha ngā mea tino nui e āwhina ana i ēnei whatukuhu e rua.

Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia ora ō whatukuhu . Ka taea e koe te tiaki i ō whatukuhu mā te mahi i ngā mea ngāwari pēnei i te inu wai nui, te whakaiti i te tote, te whakakorikori tinana, me te karo i te momi hikareti.

Mena kei te tūpono koe ki te pāngia e te mate tākihi, ki te mea rānei kei a koe tētahi o ngā tohu kua whakahuatia ake nei, he pai ake te toro atu ki te tākuta me te kore e mā, me te kore e mataku . Kia maumahara, mā te kitenga wawe ka taea te whakaora i ngā mate maha!

"Pērā i te tiaki a ō whatukuhu i a koe i tō oranga katoa, me tiaki hoki rātou e koe me te aroha!"

Ngā whatukuhu, ngā mate whatukuhu, ngā whatukuhu hauora, te pūnaha mimi, te purenga toto, te mahi whatukuhu, te hauora o te whatukuhu