Kia ako tātou mō tō tātou "io whatu" e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te kite i te ao mā roto i ō tātou kanohi.

Kua whakaaro koe me pēhea tātou e kite ai i ngā mea ataahua o tēnei ao? He rite tonu ō tātou kanohi ki ngā kāmera whakamiharo e rua. Engari kāore he tangata hei tango i te pikitia i tangohia e taua kāmera, hei kī atu ki te roro, "Koinei tāu i kite ai." Ko taua mahi nui ka mahia e tō tātou io whatu, arā, ko te `(Nio Whatu)`. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei io whatu whakamiharo.

He aha te io whatu? He whakarāpopototanga noa iho...

Whakaarohia he kāmera matatau tō kanohi. Ko te wāhanga kei muri i tēnei kāmera, e kiia nei ko te retina, ka kitea te mārama, ka hurihia hei tohu hiko. Ināianei, me tuku ēnei tohu hiko ki te "rorohiko" i roto i te roro. Ko te taura motuhake e whakamahia ana mō tēnei ko te io whatu .

He miriona ngā muka io tino kikokore o tēnei io whatu. Ina hoki, ko ēnei muka io te mea e kawe ana i ngā karere ki te roro mō ngā mea katoa e kitea ana e koe, pērā i ngā whakaahua, ngā tae, me ngā āhua. Nā te mea e rua ō tātou kanohi, e rua hoki ō tātou io whatu, tētahi mō te kanohi matau, tētahi mō te kanohi maui. He rite ēnei ki ngā ara "kotahi-ara" e kawe ana i ngā karere ki te kotahi te huarahi. Arā, ka haere noa ngā tohu mai i te kanohi ki te roro. Haunga te kawe i ēnei mōhiohio tirohanga, ka whai wāhi atu hoki ēnei io ki ētahi atu mahi iti.

I mōhio koe e 12 ngā takirua io i roto i tō tātou mahunga e hono tika ana ki te roro? Ka karangatia ēnei io ko '(Nerve Cranial)'. O ēnei, ko te io whatu te tuarua o ngā io cranial . Ka karangatia hoki ko '(Nerve Cranial II)', ko '(CN II)' rānei. He mea motuhake tēnei i roto i ngā io cranial kē atu. He aha tāu e mōhio ana? Ko te io whatu anake te wāhanga o tō tātou '(Pūnaha Nervous Waenga - CNS)'. Kei roto i te pūnaha io matua te roro, te taurakira, me tēnei io whatu. Ko ētahi atu io cranial 11 nō te '(Pūnaha Nervous Peripheral - PNS)'.

Kei hea te io whatu? Me pēhea te haere ki te roro?

I kī mātou ko te io whatu e rere ana i te tuara o ia kanohi ki te roro. He ahua uaua tēnei haerenga. Me titiro tātou ki te āhua o te hanganga o taua ara:

1. Te awa whatu: Koinei te pūaha wheua e whakamahia ana e te io whatu hei tomo ki te angaanga me te hono atu ki te roro. He rite ki tētahi kauhanga iti.

2. Te tīma whatu: He hononga tino nui tēnei i te āhua o te reta "Y". Koinei te wāhi e hono ai ngā muka io e puta mai ana i ngā kanohi e rua. Ko te mea whakamiharo, i konei ka huri ētahi o ngā muka io e puta mai ana i ngā kanohi e rua. Arā, ko ētahi muka e puta mai ana i te kanohi matau ka haere ki te maui, ā, ko ētahi muka e puta mai ana i te kanohi maui ka haere ki te matau. Whakaarohia ngā rori e rua e hono mai ana, ā, ka tika te haere o ētahi waka, ā, ka huri ētahi ki tētahi atu huarahi. He tino nui tēnei pana. Nā te mea, koinei te mea e āhei ai te roro ki te whakakotahi i ngā whakaahua e puta mai ana i ngā kanohi e rua, me te whakaatu mai i tētahi whakaahua kotahi, mārama. Ki te kore, ka kite tātou i ngā mea katoa i roto i ngā rua!

3. Roro:I muri i te hononga ki te chiasm whatu, ka uru atu ēnei muka io ki te roro. Ka haere tika atu ki te cortex tirohanga i roto i te occipital lobe i muri o te roro. Koinei te wāhi e "tukatuka" ai tātou i tā tātou e kite nei, arā, te mārama ki a ia.

I tēnei ara, i te huarahi ki te cortex tirohanga, he iti noa iho ngā muka io e peka atu ana ki ētahi atu huarahi. Kāore ēnei e haere ki te cortex tirohanga. Engari, ka āwhina i ētahi atu mahi nui o te tinana.

He aha ngā mahi tāpiri a te io whatu?

Haunga te āwhina i a tātou ki te kite, ko ngā muka io iti e manga mai ana i te uaua whatu ka taea e tātou te mahi i ētahi atu mea.

• Ngā urupare o te kamo: Kua kite pea koe ina pāngia koe e te mārama kanapa, ka mimiti te kamo (te porowhita iti i waenganui o te mowhiti pango o te kanohi). Ina hoki koe ki te pōuri, ka rahi. Hei whakahaere i te nui o te mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi. Nā te mea me tere rawa te mahi, ka wehea ngā muka io e whai wāhi ana ki tēnei tukanga i mua i te taenga atu ki te cortex tirohanga.
• Te urupare noho: Ka rerekē te āhua o te karu i roto i te kanohi ina titiro koe ki tētahi mea e tata ana ki a koe, ki tētahi mea rānei i tawhiti. Ka āwhina ngā uaua o te tinana ciliary ki tēnei. Ka whakahohehia ēnei uaua e ngā tohu mai i te io whatu. Koinei te mea e āhei ai te kanohi ki te arotahi i tētahi tawhiti.
• Te manawataki porowhita: Koinei te "karaka koiora" o tō tātou tinana. He maha ngā mea e whakahaeretia ana e tēnei karaka, tae atu ki te huringa moe-ara, te toto toto tiketike, te pāmahana tinana, me ngā taumata huka toto. Ko ētahi muka e peka mai ana i te io whatu ka kōrero ki te roro mō te māramatanga e kitea ana e rātou. Ko te nuinga o ngā roro o te tangata ka whakamahi i ēnei mōhiohio hei mārama ki te ao me te pō, me te pupuri i tēnei manawataki porowhita.

Whakaarohia, ehara te io whatu i te "taura" noa iho e kawe ana i ngā mea e kitea ana e tātou ki te roro, engari he maha atu anō ngā mahi tino nui e whai wāhi ana ki roto i tō tātou tinana.

He aha ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te io whatu?

Engari, ka taea e ētahi mate te kino i tēnei io whatu utu nui. Mēnā ka tupu tēnā, ka pōrearea pea tō tātou tirohanga, ka ngaro rawa rānei. Me titiro tātou ki ētahi o ēnei āhuatanga:

• Glaucoma: He āhuatanga tēnei e pupū ake ai te wai i roto i te kanohi, ā, ka piki ake te pēhanga. Ka taea e tēnei pēhanga te kino i te io whatu. He maha ngā wā kāore e whakaatu i ngā tohu i te tīmatanga, nō reira me tūpato koe.
• Te neuropathy whatu ischemic o mua: Ka puta tēnei ina aukatia ngā oko toto e tuku toto ana ki te io whatu. Ka taea e tēnei te ngaro ohorere te tirohanga.
• Ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te whānautanga: Ko ngā huringa ēnei o te whanaketanga o te io whatu e puta ana i te whānautanga.
• Te ngoikore o te tirohanga:Pērā i te tipu e mate ana i te korenga o te wai, ina kore e ranea te rere o te toto ki te io whatu mō te wā roa, ka mimiti te io, ka kore e mahi tika.
• Te koropupū o te io whatu: He mate tuku iho tēnei e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te io whatu. Ka pā pea ki tētahi, ki ngā kanohi e rua rānei.
• Te uaua whatu: He putunga iti ēnei i hangaia mai i ngā pūmua, te konupūmā, me ngā matū ngako. Ka taea hoki e ēnei te kohikohi ki muri o te kanohi, e tata ana ki te uaua whatu.
• Ngā glioma o te io whatu: He pukupuku ngā glioma ka puta i roto i te io whatu. Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, ehara i te matepukupuku.
• Ngā meningioma o te io whatu: He puku puhoi te tipu o ēnei, ehara i te matepukupuku, engari he onge te korenga o te ngaronga nui o te tirohanga.
• Te neuritis whatu: Ka pupuhi, ka mumura te io whatu nā ētahi mate pāwera, nā ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate rānei pērā i te sclerosis maha (MS).
• Papilledema: Ina piki te pēhanga i roto i te roro nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pukupuku roro, te whara roro, te meningitis rānei, ka pupuhi te io whatu.
• Mate neuromyelitis optica spectrum (NMOSD): Koinei te wā e whakaeke hē ai tō tātou ake pūnaha ārai mate i te io whatu me te taurakira.

He aha ngā tohu noa o ngā mate io whatu?

Ina he raruraru kei te io whatu, ka puta he maha ngā tohu. Kei te āhua o te mate. Ko ētahi o ēnei tohu he wā poto noa iho, ko ētahi he pumau tonu. Anei ētahi o ngā tohu e tino kitea ana:

• Ngā ira pango (Scotomas) i te tirohanga.
• Te tirohanga pōuri.
• Ko te matapo tae ko te kore e taea te wehewehe i ngā tae.
• Te kitenga i ngā mea e rua i te wā kotahi (Diplopia).
• Te mamae o ngā kanohi, te kore rānei e pai.
• Te pupuhi o ngā kanohi.
• Te kitenga i ngā māramatanga i mua i ngā kanohi (te whakaahua o ngā hihi o te rā).
• Te mamae o te upoko.
• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
• Matapo pō (Nyctalopia), arā, te kore e kite i te pō.
• Te ngaronga wāhanga o te tirohanga (te tirohanga iti) te ngaronga katoa rānei o te tirohanga.
• Te hekenga o te tirohanga ā-taha.
• Te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga.
• Ngā hapa o te mara tirohanga, arā, kāore e taea te kite i ngā wāhanga o te whānuitanga katoa o te tirohanga.

Mena kei a koe tētahi, neke atu rānei o ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora tonu atu.

Me pēhea tātou e tiaki ai i ō tātou io whatu?

He maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei tiaki i ō tātou kanohi me ngā io whatu. Mā te whai i ēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te tirohanga pai mō te wā roa.

• Whakamātautauhia ō kanohi i ia wā: Ahakoa kāore koe e hiahia ki ngā mōhiti, me toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi i te iti rawa kotahi i te tau kia tirohia ō kanohi. He māmā ake te rongoā i te nuinga o ngā raruraru o te io whatu mēnā ka kitea wawe.
• Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Ka taea e te momonatanga te arahi ki ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike, he kino hoki ēnei ki te io whatu.
• Tikina ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana e ō io: He mea nui ngā huaora B1, B6, B12, me te parahi mō ngā io hauora. He mea nui kia kai i te kai taurite.
• Whakahaerehia ngā mate e pā ana ki te tohanga toto, te hauora o te roro, te tirohanga, me ngā io: Mena kei a koe ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike, whakahaeretia pai aua mate.
• Āta karohia ngā hua tupeka: Ehara i te mea ko te momi hikareti anake (hikareti, pīti), engari ko te tupeka kore auahi (tupeka ngaungau, tupeka ngaungau) me te "vaping" he mea kino ki ngā kanohi me te io whatu. Mena kei te whakamahi koe, kati, ki te mea kua tīmata koe, kaua e tīmata.
• Tiakina tō mahunga me ō kanohi: Mauria he whitiki nohoanga ina eke waka ana. Mauria he potae me ngā mōhiti haumaru ina takaro hākinakina ana, ina mahi rānei me ngā mīhini.
• Tiakina ō kanohi mai i te kino: Mauria ngā mōhiti kanohi ina kei waho koe i te rā. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te pānga ki ō kanohi.

Āhea tātou me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Ki te kite koe i tētahi panonitanga āta haere o tō tirohanga, te nui haere o te mamae o ngā kanohi, te heke rānei o te tirohanga (hei tauira, te tirohanga pōuri, te tirohanga takirua), me toro atu koe ki tētahi tākuta kanohi, ki tō tākuta whānau rānei.

Ina koa, mēnā ka rerekē tō tirohanga, ka ngaro rānei tō tirohanga, ā, kāore anō kia puta i mua, me rapu tonu koe i te awhina hauora. Tērā pea he āhuatanga ohorere.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He rite te io whatu ki te "taura raraunga" e hono ana i ō tātou kanohi ki tō tātou roro. Tērā pea kāore tātou e mōhio ki tōna uara kia mahi tika rā anō. Engari, ina he te raru, kātahi tātou ka mōhio ki tōna uara.

He maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei tiaki i te hauora o tō io whatu. Nō reira, ko tō kawenga te tiaki i ō kanohi.

Mena he pātai āu mō ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga, ngā huarahi rānei hei pupuri i te hauora o tō tirohanga, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki tētahi tohunga kanohi. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe me te tuku tohutohu e tika ana. Kia maumahara, he mea nui te io whatu hauora hei tiro mārama ki te ao ataahua!

` Ngā io whatu, ngā io whatu, te tirohanga, te roro, te hauora o ngā kanohi, te karuāmā