He maha ā tātou kōrero mō ngā whekau nui o roto i ō tātou tinana—te ngākau, ngā pukahukahu, ngā whatukuhu rānei. Engari kua mutu kē koe ki te whakaaro ki te mahi nui e mahia ana i roto i tō roro, i ngā wāhi kāore e kitea e koe? Ko tētahi wāhanga whakamiharo, ahakoa he iti, ko ngā Pons . Whakaarohia he whare mana puku, e mahi tonu ana i roto i tō angaanga kia pai ai tō mahi.
Nā, he aha rawa te 'Pons'?
I ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ko ō Pons te tuarua o ngā wāhanga o raro rawa o te kakau roro , kei runga ake i te Medulla Oblongata . He piriti nui tēnei, e hono ana i te roro o runga ki te Medulla me te Taura Tuaiwi i raro, kia pai ai te rere o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero puta noa i tō pūnaha katoa.
Ko ngā Pons te pokapū matua mō ētahi io angaanga — te whatunga io motuhake e hono tika ana ki tō roro. He mea nui ēnei hononga io; ka whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto o tō mahunga, ka whakarite hoki i ngā nekehanga uaua o tō mata me tō waha.
He aha te mahi a ngā 'Pons'? He aha āna mahi matua?
Hei wāhanga matua o tō kakau roro, he wāhi whakawhitiwhiti nui ngā Pons mō tō pūnaha io . He ara ia mō ngā tohu e haere ana ki te roro, mai i reira hoki. Kei reira anō hoki ngā neurotransmitters nui e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi nui o te roro, pērā i ō huringa moe.
Kia titiro tātou ki ētahi o ngā mahi matua a ngā Pons:
- Te Whakahaere i te Moe me te Mataara: Ina oho ake koe me te mea he hou, ina moe hōhonu rānei, me mihi ki ō Pons. He mea nui tana mahi ki te whakatakoto i ō taumata mataara o ia rā.
- Te Whakahaere i ngā Tohu Mamae: Ka mahi ngā Pons hei teihana tuku mō ngā tohu mamae e ahu mai ana i raro i tō kaki, hei āwhina i te whakahaere me te whakamārama i te kaha o te mamae e pā ana ki a koe.
- Te Mahi Tahi me ngā Pokapū Roro: Ko ngā Pons te hononga matua ki te Cerebellum , te wāhanga o te roro e whakahaere ana i tō taurite me te mahi tahi. Ka mahi tahi hoki me ētahi atu rohe o te take roro hei whakahaere i tō manawa .
Whakaarohia ngā 'Pons' hei pirihimana waka tino pūkenga mō tō roro ; ka whakahaere i ngā tohu, ka whakateretere i ngā tohu ina hiahiatia, ā, ka pupuri i te tikanga puta noa i te pūnaha io.
He pēhea tōna hononga ki ngā io angaanga?
Ko ngā Pons te hononga nui mō ngā io cranial e whā o ngā io cranial tekau mā rua:
- Io Trigeminal (Io Cranial V): Ko tēnei io te kawenga mō te pā me te mamae o tō mata. Ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uaua e whakamahia ana mō te ngaungau.
- Te io o Abducens (Te io o te angaanga VI): Mā tēnei io e whakahaere te nekehanga o te kanohi. Ka taea e te kino o tēnei io te whakararu i te tirohanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te Diplopia .
- Io Mata (Io Angaanga VII): Mā tēnei ka whakahaere i ngā āhua o tō mata—ahakoa kei te menemene koe, kei te pōuri rānei. Ka āwhina hoki i tō arero ki te reka o te wāhanga o mua o tō arero.
- Nerve Vestibulocochlear (Nerve Angaanga VIII): Ka wehea tēnei nerve kia rua ngā ara:
- Mā te io Vestibular koe e āwhina ki te taurite, kia neke ai koe me te kore e hinga.
- Ko te io Cochlear te kawenga mōte whakarongo , e āhei ai koe ki te tukatuka i ngā oro me ngā kōrero.
Me pēhea te tautoko a ngā 'Pons' i ētahi atu okana?
Ka tautoko ngā Pons i tō tinana mā te tuku i ngā mōhiohio pūoro me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga ngaro nui. Hei tauira, ka whakahaere i ō huringa moe-ara me ō tauira manawa, me te whakarerekē anō hoki i tō tirohanga mamae, he mea nui hei tiaki i a koe mai i te whara.
Kei hea tonu te tūnga o ngā 'Pons'?
Kei te pūtake o tō roro te Pons, e tata ana ki te papa o tō angaanga. Kei runga ake i te Medulla Oblongata, e hono ana i tō roro ki tō Taura Tuaiwi mā te pūtake o te angaanga.
He aha te āhua o ngā 'Pons', ā, he pēhea tōna rahi?
He parauri mārama, he mā rānei te tae o te Pons, ā, he rite tonu te āhua ki te kakau iti, pūkohu hoki. He iti noa iho tōna rahi:
- Teitei: Tata ki te 1.06 inihi (27 mm).
- Whānui: Tata ki te 1.49 inihi (38 mm).
- Hōhonutanga: Tata ki te 0.98 inihi (25 mm).
He tino iti noa iho tēnei i te nui o te kawenga e amohia ana.
He aha te mea i hangaia ai ngā 'Pons'?
Pērā i te toenga o tō pūnaha io, he pūtau me ngā hanganga motuhake kei roto i ngā Pons. Kei roto ngā karihi — he tautau o ngā neuron e mahi ana i ngā mahi motuhake, e kōrero ana rānei ki ngā wāhi motuhake. E rua ngā momo pūtau matua o ēnei:
- Ngā Neuron : Koinei ngā pūtau matua e tuku ana, e tukatuka ana hoki i ngā tohu puta noa i tō tinana, e huri ana i waenga i ngā āhua hiko me ngā āhua matū.
- Ngā pūtau glial: Koinei ngā rōpū tautoko o te pūnaha io; ahakoa kāore e tukuna ana e rātou ngā tohu hiko, he mea nui rātou mō te hauora me te mahi a ngā neurons.
He tirohanga tata ki ngā Neuron
Ko ngā io ngā kaikawe karere o tō pūnaha io. He maha ngā wāhanga motuhake o ia io e āhei ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere.
- Tinana pūtau: Koinei te pokapū whakahaere matua o te pūtau.
- Ākona: Whakaarohia te ākona he toronga roa, rite ki te ringa e toro atu ana i te tinana pūtau. Kei tōna pito he hanganga rite ki te peka e hurihia ai te tohu hiko o te neuron hei karere matū. Mā ēnei peka, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā 'synapses', ka taea e te neuron te kōrero ki ngā pūtau tata. Ka taea e koe te whakaaro i te ākona he waea hiko, ā, ko te synapse he mono i te pito o taua waea.
- Ngā Dendrite: Koinei ngā toronga iti, rite ki te peka, o te tinana pūtau (i ahu mai te ingoa i te kupu Latina ko te tikanga "rite ki te rākau"). Ko ngā Dendrite ngā teihana hononga motuhake e whiwhi ana i ngā tohu matū e haere mai ana mai i ngā synapses o ētahi atu neuron tata.
- Myelin ( Myelin ): He paparanga angiangi, he ngako tēnei e takai ana i ngā axon o ngā neuron maha. He rite ki te ārai kirihou i runga i te taura hiko, ka tiakina e te myelin te axon, ā, ka āwhina i ngā tohu hiko kia tere haere i te tere o te uira.
He tino uaua ngā hononga io. Ka taea e te neuron kotahi te hono i ngā mano tini o ngā dendrite ki ngā momo synapses. He rerekē te roa o ngā neuron, i runga i te wāhi kei roto i tō tinana me te mahi motuhake e mahia ana e rātou.
He aha ngā pūtau Glial?
He whānuitia ngā mahi nui a ngā 'pūtau glial' (e whakahuatia ana ko glee-uhl). Ka tautoko rātou i te tipu me te tiaki i ngā neuron i a koe e whanake ana, ā, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te mahi a ō neuron puta noa i tō oranga. Haunga tēnā, ka tiaki rātou i tō pūnaha io mai i ngā mate, ka whakahaere i te taurite matū, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te whakaputa i te pukupuku myelin e ārai ana i ō axon. He mea whakamiharo, he tekau ngā wā he nui ake ngā pūtau glial i ngā neuron i roto i tō pūnaha io! Ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki ēnei pūtau glial hei 'rōpū poka' tohunga e pupuri ana i te oma pai o ō waka reihi (neurons).
He aha ngā āhuatanga hauora noa e pā ana ki ngā 'Pons'?
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō roro ka pā anō hoki ki ngā 'Pons'. Ko ētahi take hauora e aro nui ana ki tēnei wāhanga. Anei ētahi tauira (i roto i te raupapa pīpāpā):
- Ngā pukupuku roro (tae atu ki te mate pukupuku)
- Te myelinolysis pontine pokapū (he āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pakaru o te pukupuku myelin i roto i ngā pons)
- Ngā whara o te upoko, ina koa ko ngā whara o te roro me ētahi atu whara o te roro
- Ngā mate whānau, tae atu ki ngā mate ira (kei te whānau mai anō)
- te paitini o te konganuku taumaha, ētahi atu paitini rānei
- Ngā āhuatanga ārai mate me te mumura (hei tauira, Multiple Sclerosis)
- Ngā mate urutā (nā te huakita, te huaketo, te pirinoa, te harore rānei i puta mai)
- Te mate maukati, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i te whara, i te whiu rānei (ka pararutiki te tinana engari ko te nekehanga o te kanohi anake)
- Te ngoikore o te pūnaha maha
- Te ngoikore o te Olivopontocerebellar
- Whiu
He aha ngā tohu o tētahi raruraru i roto i te 'Pons'?
He rerekē ngā tohu e pā ana ki ngā 'Pons' i runga i te wāhi e pāngia ana. Nā te mea he rerekē ngā mahi a ngā rohe rerekē o ngā pons, ka rerekē pea te pānga ki tō tinana. Ko ngā tohu noa ko:
- Ataxia (he uaua ki te taunga o ngā uaua, he maha ngā wā ka puta he hikoi whakahihi, he rite ki te haurangi)
- Turi
- Diplopia (tirohanga takirua)
- Te ngaronga o te pā o te ringa (tae atu ki te kore e taea te rongo i te wiri, te pāmahana, te mamae rānei)
- Nystagmus (nekehanga kanohi tere, kore e taea te whakaaro, me te auau)
- Whakapairuaki me te ruaki
- Pararutiki (ka pā pea tēnei ki tō mahunga, ki tō kanohi, ki ētahi wāhanga tinana rānei. I ngā wā kino pēnei i te 'Locked-in syndrome,' ka pararutiki pea te tinana katoa engari ko te nekehanga o ngā kanohi)
- Vertigo (te whanoke nui, te āhua rānei kei te hurihuri tō taiao)
- Tinnitus (he tangi, he haruru rānei e mau tonu ana i roto i te taringa)
He aha ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia ana hei tirotiro i te hauora o ngā 'Pons'?
Hei tātaritanga i ngā mate e pā ana ki te 'Pons', ka tūtohu pea ngā tākuta i ēnei e whai ake nei:
- Ngā whakamātautau toto (hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru ārai mate, ngā paitini, ngā konganuku taumaha pēnei i te parahi, te mercury, te mata rānei)
- Matawai tomography rorohiko (CT)
- Te whakamātautau hiko o te roro (EEG)
- Te whakamātautau hiko-mīro (whakamātautau ara iahiko)
- Ngā pūmanawa whakaoho (ngā whakamātautau pānga)
- Whakamātautau ira
- Whakaahua aukume (MRI)
- Matawai i te tomografi tukunga Positron (PET)
He aha ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana mō ngā mate e pā ana ki te 'Pons'?
He tino takitahi ngā maimoatanga mō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā 'Pons'. Ka taea te whakahaere i ētahi āhuatanga mā te rongoā, ko ētahi ia me whai wawaotanga matatau pērā i te pokanga. Engari, ko ētahi āhuatanga kāore e taea te whakaora, kāore rānei e taea te rongoā i tēnei wā; i roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka neke te arotahi hauora ki te whakahaere tika i ngā tohu. Kāore he maimoatanga "kotahi te rahi e pai ana mō te katoa" mō ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā pons.
Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te tiaki i ō 'Pons'?
Ahakoa ka puta ohorere mai ētahi āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā 'Pons', ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tuponotanga ki ētahi raruraru. Anei ngā mahi ārai pai rawa atu ka taea e koe te mahi:
- Kia mau ki te kai taurite:Ka pāngia tō roro me tō pūnaha io e ngā taumata huaora rerekē. Ka tautokona hoki tō pūnaha tohanga toto e te kai hauora, he mea nui tēnei mō te hauora whānui o te roro.
- Kia kaha te tinana, kia mau tonu te taumaha hauora: Mā te whakahaere i tō taumaha me ō taumata mahi ka ārai, ka whakaroa rānei i ngā raruraru o te ngākau e arahi atu ai ki ngā mate pēnei i te whiu.
- Whakamahia ngā taputapu haumaru: Ka taea e ngā whara o te upoko, inā koa ngā whara roro, te whakararu i te roro mō te wā roa, tae noa ki te wā tuturu. Me mau tonu ngā taputapu tiaki, pērā i ngā potae, i te wā e mahi ana, e mahi whakangahau ana rānei hei tiaki i tō upoko.
- Whakahaerehia ngā mate pūmau: He maha ngā mate e pā ana ki te roro ka kino haere i roto i te wā mena ka kore e whakahaerea, inā koa te toto toto tiketike kāore e taea te whakahaere. Mā te rongoā i ēnei mate taketake ka āwhina i te aukati, i te whakaroa rānei i te whanaketanga o te mate, ka tiaki i tō roro mai i ngā kino kino.
Ngā whakaaro whakamutunga
He wāhanga iti engari he tino kaha tō 'Pons' o tō roro. Ahakoa e warewarehia ana, he mea nui ia mō tō noho me tō wheako i te ao e karapoti nei i a koe. Ka whakahaere tonu ia i ngā mahi nui pēnei i tō manawa, tō taurite, me tō whakarongo. Mena ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu mate pūnaha io ohorere, rapua tonutia he awhina hauora mā te waea atu ki te 911, ki ngā ratonga ohorere rānei o tō rohe.
Kia maumahara tonu ko te tiaki i tō roro mai i ngā whara me ngā āhuatanga ka taea te ārai ko tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui hei mahi māu mō tō hauora whānui. Ahakoa he iti noa iho, he tino hohonu te pānga o ngā 'pons' ki tō oranga o ia rā!
Pons, Roro, Pūnaha Io, Moe, Mamae, Io Angaanga, Kakau Roro
