He mīharo te āhua o ō tātou kanohi? Kia ako tātou mō ngā mahi a ngā kanohi!

Kua whakaaro kē koe ki te maha o ngā mahi a ō tātou kanohi, kāore tātou e mōhio? He rite ki te makutu iti nei. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i a koe ki te kite, engari ka mahi aunoa hoki hei tiaki i ō kanohi. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko " Ngā Whakaata Kanohi." Ka puta aunoa ēnei mea, arā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakahaere i a rātou, ki te whakaaro rānei, "Me pēnei te āhua."

He aha ngā urupare kanohi? He aha i hiranga ai?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko ngā urupare kanohi he raupapa o ngā huringa aunoa e puta ana i roto i ō kanohi. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he mea hanga hei āwhina i a koe ki te kite mārama, hei tiaki hoki i ō karu mai i te kino . Whakaarohia te mea ka tupu mēnā ka titiro ohorere koe ki tētahi mārama kanapa, mēnā rānei ka uru tētahi matū paru ki roto i tō kanohi. Ka urupare ō kanohi ki taua mea i mua i tō whakaaro. Koinei te tikanga o ngā urupare.

He tino uaua ngā okana o ō tātou kanohi. He maha ngā wāhanga o te kanohi e mahi tahi ana ki te arotahi i tā tātou e kite nei, me te tuku i aua mōhiohio tirohanga ki te roro. Nō reira, ko ēnei urupare te mea e tiaki ana i ō karu kanohi, e āwhina ana hoki i ō kanohi kia urutau ki ngā āhuatanga mārama rerekē. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te pupuri i tō tirohanga kia kore e pōuri ahakoa ka neke tere ō kanohi, ka huri ohorere rānei te mārama.

Mā ētahi urupare ka neke, ka rerekē rānei ō kanohi i runga i ngā mea e tū ana i tō taha. He maha ngā wāhanga o tō kanohi e whai wāhi ana ki ēnei urupare. Hei tauira:

• Ākonga : Koinei te wāhanga iti, pango porowhita kei waenganui o te kanohi.
• Kornea : Ko te kiriuhi mārama kei mua o te kanohi.
• Pūnaha Roimata : Ko te pūnaha e whakaputa ana, e tuku ana hoki i ngā roimata.
• Io o te Kanohi : Ko te io e pā ana ki te tirohanga.

Waihoki, ka puta ētahi urupare kanohi hei urupare ki ngā panonitanga o ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana. Kei roto i ēnei ko:

• Ngā uaua
• Ngā io
• Pūnaha Io

Ina haere koe ki te tākuta kanohi, ka tirohia hoki e rātou ēnei tauhohenga ina tirohia ō kanohi. Ka aro nui te tākuta ki ēnei tauhohenga motuhake, inā koa mēnā he tohu kei a koe, he raruraru rānei kei ō kanohi, kei ō tirohanga rānei.

Me pēhea te mahi a ēnei pūoro whakaoho? He mea whakamiharo!

Ka tukuna ngā urupare kanohi ki tō roro, ka whakahokia atu ki ō kanohi e ngā pūtau io motuhake.('Ngā Pūtau Io') ki ngā tohu hiko e haere ana i roto i a rātou. Whakaarohia he rite ki te 'pēhi' i tētahi 'kī' i runga i te 'papapātuhi rorohiko'. Ina 'pēhi' koe i tētahi 'kī', ka haere tētahi tohu hiko i runga i tētahi waea ki te 'rorohiko' ka whakaatu hei reta i runga i te mata, tika? Engari ko te mea e tupu ana i konei ehara i te mea kei te 'pato' koe i ia reta. Ki te kore koe e whai wā ki te whakaaro, kei te hangaia tonutia ō kanohi, kei te tiakina hoki mā roto i ēnei tauhohenga.

Ko ngā ara e haerehia ana e ēnei tohu he mea hanga mai i ngā mea penei:

• Ngā Pūoko (`NGĀ KAIWHAKAWHAKI`): Koinei ngā mea tuatahi ki te mōhio ki ngā whakaohooho.
• Ngā Neuron Afferent: Ka haria e ēnei ngā tohu mai i ngā rongo ki te roro.
• Ngā Neuron Efferent: Ka haria e ēnei ngā tohu mai i te roro ki te uaua, ki te repe rānei e tika ana.
• Ngā Kaiwhakawhiwhi: Koinei ngā wāhanga ka aro atu i te mutunga (hei tauira, ka whakakorikori te uaua).

Whakaarohia tēnei he mekameka hononga. Kāore e taea e tetahi te mahi me te kore tetahi. Me tino taunga ngā mea katoa.

He aha ngā momo whakaataata o te kanohi? Me titiro tātou.

He maha ngā momo matua o ngā urupare kanohi. Me kōrero takitahi tātou mō ēnei.

• Ngā Whakaata o te Pupilary
• Ngā Whakaata o te Kornea
• Te aro o te kanohi-pūkahukahu
• Te Whakaata o te Kanohi o te Tāre (e kiia ana ko te "Whakaata Kanohi o te Tāre")
• Te Whakaata o te Mata o te Palpebral (e kiia ana ko te Whakaata a Bell)

Ngā Whakaata o te Pupilary

Ko te wāhanga mangu i waenganui o tō kanohi e kiia ana ko te āpure . Kua kite pea koe i ētahi wā ka nui haere, i ētahi wā ka iti haere. Ko te tikanga o tēnei hei whakahaere i te nui o te mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi. Ko ngā uaua o te wāhanga tae o tō kanohi, te iris, te kaiwhakahaere i te rahi o te āpure. Mā tēnei mahi whakaata ka huri aunoa te rahi o tō āpure i raro i ngā āhuatanga mārama rerekē. Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te 'whakanohoanga āpure'. Ko te tikanga o tēnei hei pupuri i te pumau o tō tirohanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Arā, ka whakahaere i te nui o te mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi ka taka ki te ' retina' .

He maha ngā mahi a te iris:

• Te Whakaata Mārama o te Puku:Koinei te mea ka tupu ina kōpiri (ka iti haere) tō kamo i te mārama kanapa. Ina pā te mārama kanapa ki tō kanohi, ka kōpiri pūmau ngā uaua o te iris, ka pēhi i te kamo. Whakaarohia, ki te tomo ohorere mai koe i tētahi wāhi paki, ka kikorangi ō kanohi mō tētahi wā, kia whānui anō tō kamo, kia taunga ki te pōuri.
• Te Āhua Pōuri o te Pupilary: Koinei te wā e whānui haere ai (e nui haere ana) tō pupil ina haere koe ki tētahi wāhi pōuri. Mā tēnei ka wātea ngā uaua o te iris, ka nui ake te mārama e uru ki te kanohi.
• Te Whakapūngao Ciliospinal: He rerekē tēnei. Mēnā ka pā mai tētahi mea ki tō mata, ki tō kaki rānei, ko te tikanga ka pāngia koe e te mamae, ka pā rānei, ka whānui haere ō kamo.

Ngā Whakaata o te Kornea

Ko te kornea te wāhanga mārama, rite ki te matapihi o tō kanohi. He mea hanga ki te kiko pakari, mārama. Me te wāhanga mā o te kanohi (e kiia nei ko te sclera ), ka āwhina te kornea ki te tiaki i tō kanohi. E rua ngā mahi a te kornea:

• Te Whakaata Kimo: E ai ki te ingoa, koinei te whakaata e kati aunoa ai ō kanohi ina pā tetahi mea ki tō kornea. Whakaarohia, ka kimo koe i te kore e mōhio ina uru mai he puehu ki roto i tō kanohi, tika? Koinā te mutunga.
• Te Whakahokinga Roimata (`Tear Reflex` / `Lacrimatory Reflex`): Ka puta anō hoki tēnei ina pā tetahi mea ki tō kanohi. Ka whakakīia tō kanohi e tō pūnaha roimata ki ngā roimata hou, ka horoia atu ngā mea katoa e piri ana i roto.

Ina taka he kamo ki roto i tō kanohi, ka pāngia koe e ēnei uruparenga e rua o te kornea. I mua i tō mōhio, ka kati tō kanohi, kātahi ka kī tonu tō kanohi i ngā roimata, ka horoia atu. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa tēnei ki tō kanohi, engari he wā anō ka puta ai tēnei uruparenga kimo, ki te roimata rānei. Hei tauira:

• Mārama kanapa
• Ina pōuri, ina manukanuka rānei
• Ina tae mai te maremare
• Ina ruaki
• Ina pupuhi mai te hau makariri

Te whakaata kanohi-pūmau (Vor)

E ono ngā uaua e whakahaeretia ana ō tātou kanohi, e neke ana i a rātou mai i tētahi taha ki tētahi taha, ki runga, ki raro hoki. Koinei ngā mea e āhei ai tātou ki te kite i tā tātou e hiahia ana. Ka nekehia hoki ō tātou kanohi e ēnei uaua anō i roto i te mea e kiia nei ko te 'Vestibulo-ocular Reflex '. Ina neke tō upoko, ka hanga aunoa tō roro me te 'Oculomotor Nerve' i ngā whakarerekētanga iti ki ngā uaua o tō kanohi. Ahakoa kāore koe e whakaaro ana ki tēnā, kei te neke tonu tō upoko, inā koa kei te hikoi koe, kei te oma, kei te mahi rānei i tētahi atu mahi tinana. Nō reira, ina neke tō upoko, ko tēnei vestibulo-ocular reflex te mea e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i ō kanohi kia rite te taumata. Whakaarohia, mehemea kāore i a koe tēnei reflex, ka pōuri tonu tō tirohanga, me te mea kei te rere koe i runga i tētahi poti i te moana ngaru.

Te Whakaata Kanohi o te Tāre (Te Whakaata Kanohi o te Tāre)

He huarahi tēnei mā te tākuta kanohi ki te tirotiro i te pai o te mahi a ō io angaanga. Ka kiia hoki ko te whakaata kanohi o te tāre . He 'whakamātautau kanohi nohoanga' tēnei, he whakamātautau nekehanga hei tirotiro i te pai o te urutau o ō kanohi ki ngā huringa. Ina tirohia e te tākuta tō 'Whakaata Kanohi o te Tāre', ka pupuri ia i ō kamo, ka huri tere i tō upoko mai i tētahi taha ki tētahi taha. Kātahi, ahakoa te neke o tō upoko, ka urutau aunoa ō kanohi ki te titiro tika ki mua. Mena ka kino haere tō tirohanga i te wā o te whakamātautau, ki te neke rawa rānei ō kanohi, tera pea kei te whakararuraru tetahi mea i ngā io, i ngā uaua rānei e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i ō kanohi kia pumau. Me mahi anō te tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau kia kitea ai te mea e pā ana ki ō kanohi.

Te Whakaata o te Mata o te Palpebral (Te Whakaata o te Pere)

Koinei te wā e ngana ana tetahi ki te pā atu ki ō kanohi, ki te āki rānei i a rātou kia katia, ka huri noa koe i ō kanohi. Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te Bell's Reflex . Mena kua huri kē koe i ō kanohi i te wā e tāpiri ana koe i ngā karaihe whakapā, i te wā rānei e tāpiri ana koe i ngā rongoā kanohi, kua pā pea tēnei ki a koe. Kei ētahi tāngata tēnei Bell's Reflex i te wā e mau ana rātou i te meiki.

He rerekē tēnei i ngā momo whakaata kanohi kē atu, kāore te whakaata a te Pere e āwhina ana i tō tirohanga, e tiaki rānei i ō kanohi. E whakapono ana ngā tohunga he tikanga tiaki tēnei i roto i ō tātou tinana. Ko te hunga e pāngia ana e te pararutiki kanohi, pērā i te Pararutiki a te Pere, kāore i a rātou te whakaata a te Pere. Heoi, ki te kore e whai whakaata a te Pere, ehara i te mea he hē kei ō kanohi. Inaa, tata ki te 10% o te taupori kāore i a rātou te whakaata a te Pere.

He aha ngā āhuatanga me ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā urupare kanohi?

Ko ngā mea katoa e kino ana ki ō kanohi, ki ō uaua, ki ō io, ki tō roro rānei, ka pā ki ngā urupare kanohi. Anei ētahi raruraru ka whakararuraru i ngā urupare kanohi:

• Ngā whara kanohi
• Neuropati
• Ngā whiu
• Pararutiki
• Te Mate Parauri
• Te Mate o Horner
• Matapōkere (kanohi whiti)
• Nystagmus (te wiri o ngā kanohi)

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

He huarahi tino nui ō kanohi ki te taunekeneke ki te ao e karapoti ana i a koe. Ahakoa kāore koe e whakaaro ana ki tēnā, ka tiakina, ka whakahaerehia hoki ō kanohi e ngā urupare. Ka pupuri aunoa rātou i tō tirohanga kia pumau, ka tiaki i ngā kiko o tō kanohi mai i te kino, ā, ka tiaki hoki i a koe mai i ngā mea o waho.

Ahakoa kāore koe e āta whakahaere i ēnei, ki te mea he hē kei tētahi o ngā urupare o tō kanohi, ka puta he whakaaro "kei te hē" me te "kāore i te tino tika" ki ō kanohi.

Nō reira, ki te kite koe i ētahi panonitanga ki ō kanohi, ki ō tirohanga rānei, me toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi . Kātahi ka taea e rātou te tirotiro i ō kanohi me te hoatu i ngā tohutohu e tika ana. Kia maumahara, he tino utu nui ō tātou kanohi!

Ngā urupare kanohi , te hauora o te kanohi, te awhi, te kornea, te tirohanga, te pūnaha io, te whakamātautau kanohi