He aha te GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei aromatawai i te hinengaro o tētahi e tata ana ki a koe?

Kua rongo pea koe, kua rongo rānei i tētahi tākuta e kōrero ana mō ēnei reta e toru "GCS" i roto i te hōhipera. Tērā pea ina pāngia tētahi e te aituā, ina ngaro whakarere rānei te mārama o tētahi e tata ana ki a koe, ka kōrero ngā tākuta mō tēnei uara GCS. Nō reira, he aha tēnei GCS, he aha te hiranga, ā, he aha tonu te mea e inehia ana e ia, me kōrero tātou i tēnei rā me te taipitopito, me te tino māmā noa iho. Ko taku whāinga he hoatu ki a koe he māramatanga mārama mō tēnei.

He aha te GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Ko te GCS, kia tika, he huarahi hei ine i te taumata o te hinengaro o te tangata. He rite ki tētahi pūnaha whakatauranga. Ka whakatauria ngā mea pēnei i te mataara o tō hinengaro, te mōhio o tō hinengaro ki tō taiao, me te pai o tō urupare ki ngā tohutohu ngāwari.

I te tau 1974 i whakaurua tuatahitia ai tēnei pūnaha e tētahi rōpū tohunga i Te Whare Wānanga o Glasgow i Kōtirana. Ahakoa te kupu "coma" i roto i te ingoa, kei te whakamahia whānuitia te GCS i roto i te rongoā. Koinei te tauine matua, ā, ko te mea tino whānuitia hoki e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā āhua o te ngoikore o te hinengaro, tae atu ki te coma.

He aha te "māramatanga" i roto i ngā kupu hauora?

Ina kōrero tātou mō te "māramatanga" i roto i te rongoā, e toru ngā whakaritenga matua. Kia kiia ai he māramatanga te tangata, me tutuki ēnei mea:

• Oho: E pā ana tēnei ki te whakaara i a koe ina kōrero koe, ina pā atu rānei tētahi ki tō tinana. Koinei te rerekētanga i waenganui i te moe noa me te noho pōrearea.
• Te Mataara: Ko te tikanga tēnei ko te āhua o tāu urupare ina kōrero mai tetahi ki a koe, kei hea koe, me te mārama rānei koe ki ngā mea e tū ana i tō taha.
• Me mōhio koe (Arotahi): Ko te tikanga tēnei e mōhio ana koe ki ngā taipitopito e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga o nāianei, pēnei i a wai koe, kei hea koe, me te aha te rā.

Ki te mea kei te tū katoa ēnei mea e toru, ka kiia he "hinengaro tika" te tangata.

Āhea te wā e whakamahia ai te GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakamahi i te GCS hei wāhanga o te whakamātautau io . He mea whai hua anō hoki i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa e ngaro ana te māramatanga o te tangata. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā āhuatanga i puta mai i ngā whara o te mahunga, pērā i te whara o te roro me ngā whara roro whara (TBI) .

Ehara i te mea koinā anake, engari he āwhina anō hoki te tauine GCS mō ngā take o te ngaronga o te māramatanga nā ētahi atu take ehara i te whara. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia mō ngā take o te iti rawa o te huka toto (hypoglycemia) , te paihana, te whai muri rānei i te haurangi.

He aha te ine a te GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Mā te whakamātautau io ka tirohia ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te mahi a ngā wāhanga matua e rua o tō tātou pūnaha io. Ko ēnei wāhanga e rua:

• Pūnaha io matua: Kei roto i tēnei ko tō roro, te kakau roro, ngā io whatu e hono ana i te roro ki te retina kei muri o ō kanohi, me te taurakira.
• Pūnaha io taha: E pā ana tēnei ki ngā io katoa ehara i te wāhanga o te pūnaha io matua.

E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te GCS e pā ana ki tēnei whakamātautau io. Ko te nuinga o ēnei e pā ana ki te roro tonu, engari ko ētahi ka pā ki te taurakira me ngā io puta noa i te tinana:

• Tauhohenga kanohi: E pā ana tēnei ki te nui o tō araara me tō mataara.
• Tauhohenga ā-tinana: Ka tirohia e tēnei wāhanga te pai o te whakahaere a tō roro i te nekehanga o ngā uaua. Ka taea hoki e ia te kite i ngā raruraru o ngā hononga i waenga i tō roro me ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana.
• Urupare ā-waha: Ka whakamātautau tēnei i te pai o te mahi a ētahi mahi roro, pēnei i te whakaaro, te mahara, te aro, me te mōhio ki tō taiao.

Me pēhea te mahi a te GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Hei kimi i tō kaute GCS, ka tāpirihia e ngā tākuta ngā kaute mai i ngā wāhanga e toru o mua o te GCS. Ka whakamātautauhia e te tākuta ia wāhanga i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Hei tauira, ka tirohia e rātou tō whakautu ā-waha, ka pātai atu ki a koe i ētahi pātai. Ko tēhea te rā o te wiki i tēnei rā, ko tēhea te wā, ā, kei tēhea tāone koe i tēnei wā?

Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te GCS ko tōna āheinga ki te aroturuki i ngā huringa o tō taumata māramatanga. He maha ngā wā ka whakahokia e ngā tākuta tēnei whakamātautau io i ngā wā motuhake, ā, ka tuhia ngā huringa o te kaute GCS.

Anei te huarahi e tohua ai ēnei wāhanga:

Te Urupare a te Kanohi

Ko te nuinga o tēnei ka ine i te oho o tō tinana. Mēnā kāore koe i te mōhio, ka inehia tō taumata o te kore mōhio mā te whakamātautau i ō urupare ki te pēhanga. I konei, ko te "pēhanga" he rite ki te pēhanga mārie ki te maikuku. Me puta he mamae iti noa iho, he wā poto noa iho, kaua e whara.

Whakautu ā-Waha

Ka whakamātautauhia tēnei e te tākuta mā te pātai atu i ngā pātai hei ine i tō mahara, tō kaha whakaaro, me tō mōhio ki tō taiao. Ka taea hoki e ia te tirotiro mō ngā raruraru o te roro, ngā io rānei e whakahaere ana i ngā uaua o tō mata me tō waha.

Urupare Mōta

Ka taea e tēnei wāhanga te whakaatu i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā hononga i waenga i ō io, tō tuaiwi, me tō roro. Ka whakamātautau hoki i te kaha o tō roro ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga o ngā uaua, me te mea ka taea e koe te mārama me te mahi i runga i ngā tohutohu.

He aha te GCS-P?

I te tau 2018, i tukuna e tētahi rōpū tohunga — tae atu ki tētahi o ngā kaihanga taketake o te GCS — tētahi putanga whakahou o te GCS, ko "GCS-P" te ingoa. Ko te P te tikanga mō "Pupil," te kōhao pango i roto i te kanohi. Ko te tuawhā tēnei o ngā tau kua tangohia mai i te kaute GCS paerewa.

He mea tino nui te āhua o te urupare a te kamo o te kanohi ki te mārama (te tauhohenga o te kamo) nā te mea ka homai he tohu mō te mahi a te roro. Ki te kore tō kamo e urupare ki te mārama, he tohu pea tēnei kei te pāngia te roro e te raruraru nui, te whara rānei.

Ko te kaute e hoatu ana ki te ākonga kei waenganui i te 0 ki te 2.

• 2: Kāore ngā kornea e rua e aro ki te mārama.
• 1: Kāore tetahi tauira e aro ki te mārama.
• 0: Ka aro atu ngā kornea e rua ki te mārama.

Ina tangohia te kaute urupare a te tauira mai i te kaute GCS, ka taea e te kaute GCS-P te awhe mai i te 1 ki te 15. Ko te kaute GCS-P o te 8, iti iho rānei, he tohu kei te koma koe.

Hei tauira, mēnā ko te kaute GCS he 3, ā, ko te kaute aris he 2, ko te kaute GCS-P he 1. Ko te tikanga he koma tino hohonu, ā, kāore ngā aris o ngā kanohi e rua e aro ki te mārama.

He mamae kei te wā e whakahaerehia ana te whakamātautau GCS?

I roto i ngā whakaahuatanga tawhito o te GCS, i whakamahia te kupu "mamae" hei whakaahua i te kare ā-roto e whakamahia ana hei whakamātautau i ētahi urupare. Heoi, kua hurihia taua kupu e ngā aratohu hou ki te "pēhanga." He tika ake tēnei whakarerekētanga kupu, nā te mea kāore he whara e pā ana. He mārama ake hoki nā te mea kāore te tākuta e ngana ana ki te whakapouri, ki te whara rānei i tō hoa aroha.

Kāore i te mārama te whakamārama a ngā aratohu GCS taketake ki te wāhi hei pēhi i ngā uruparenga. I te tau 1975, kotahi tau i muri i te whakaputanga tuatahi o te GCS, i whakaputa ngā tohunga nāna i whakawhanake i ngā aratohu motuhake. Anei ētahi o ngā wāhi ka pēhia pea e te tākuta:

• Ngā moenga whao: He tairongo ngā whao o ō ringaringa me ō waewae ki te pēhanga. He maha ngā wā ka pēhia e ngā tākuta tētahi, ētahi rānei o ēnei hei tirotiro mēnā ka urupare te tinana ki taua pēhanga.
• Uaua trapezius: Ka hono tēnei uaua i ō pakihiwi, te kaki waenga, me te tuara. He uaua ngāwari ki te toro atu hei whakatutuki i te pēhanga.
• Te kōhao supraorbital: He kōhao iti tēnei kei roto i tō angaanga, kei runga ake i ō kanohi me raro i ō tukemata.

He aha ngā hua, ā, he aha tā rātou e whakaatu mai ana ki a tātou?

Ko te kaute teitei rawa atu ka taea i runga i te GCS ko te 15, ā, ko te kaute iti rawa ko te 3.Ko te kaute 15 te tikanga kei te tino ara koe, kei te aro atu, ā, kāore he raruraru ki tō whakaaro, ki tō mahara rānei. Ko te tikanga, ko te kaute 8, iti iho rānei, ko te tikanga kei roto koe i te koma. Ko te iti iho o te kaute, ko te hohonu ake o te koma.

Tērā pea ka tuhia e ngā tākuta tō kaute GCS hei huinga reta/tau. Hei tauira, ko te kaute 15 ka tuhia ko "E4V5M6". Ko te kaute 3 ka tuhia ko "E1V1M1". (E=Kanohi, V=Waha, M=Nekeneke)

Ngā Awhe GCS mō ngā Whara o te Upoko

Ina whakamahia e ngā tākuta te GCS mō te whara o te upoko, ka whakamahia e rātou ngā awhe o ngā kaute hei whakaahua i te kaha o te whara. Ko ēnei awhe ko:

• 13 ki te 15: Whara Roro Ngāwari (mTBI). Ka kiia hoki tēnei he whara roro .
• 9 ki te 12: TBI ngawari.
• 3 ki te 8: Whara nui o te roro (TBI nui).

He aha ngā mea me mōhio ahau mō te kaute GCS a tētahi e tata ana ki ahau?

Ko te tikanga, ka kōrerohia e tō whānau, e ō whanaunga rānei tō kaute GCS ki tō tākuta. He iti noa ngā mea me mōhio koe mō te GCS me te whakamahinga a ngā tākuta:

• He uaua ake ngā hua o te whakamātautau i te tau anake. Kāore te kaute GCS e whakaatu i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hua o te whakamātautau. He nui atu ngā mahi o te whakamātautau io i te tau anake. Ahakoa he ngāwari te mārama ki te tau, he pai ake te kōrero ki te tākuta o tō whanaunga kia mārama ai ki tōna āhua tuturu.
• He iti anō hoki ngā herenga o te GCS. I ētahi wā, kāore pea te GCS e whai hua. Hei tauira, mēnā kei runga te tangata i te mīhini manawa , mēnā rānei kāore rātou e kōrero i te reo kotahi me te tākuta. Kāore hoki pea e whai hua mō te hunga whai mate, whara rānei e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga tinana, ki ngā pūnaha rānei e whakawhirinakihia ana e te GCS (hei tauira, te ngoikore o te tirohanga, te ngoikore o te whakarongo).
• Ehara i te mea ko te GCS anake te mea e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei matapae i te matapae o te mate. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta te GCS hei matapae i ngā putanga pea, engari ehara i te mea koinei anake te mea e whakaarohia ana e rātou. Pātai atu ki te tākuta o tō whanaunga mō tā rātou kaute me tōna tikanga pea mō te wā roa.

Kia maumahara, he taputapu noa iho te kaute GCS. Ahakoa he mea nui ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana, he mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai ki te tīma hauora kia mārama ai koe ki te tirohanga katoa.

Hei whakamutunga, he aha ngā mea hei maumahara

He taputapu tino noa, he mea nui hoki te Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei ine i ngā taumata o te ngaronga o te māramatanga me te koma.Ahakoa kua tata ki te 50 tau mai i tōna whanaketanga tuatahi, kua rangahauhia e ngā tohunga te tauine, ā, kua kitea he taputapu tātaritanga whai hua. (Kua whakapai ake hoki rātou i roto i te wā.) Mā te whakamahi i te taputapu ka āwhina hoki i ngā tākuta ki te whai i ngā huringa o te mahi roro. Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina ki te ārahi i te maimoatanga me te whakapai ake i te tiaki mō te hunga whai mate e pā ana ki te hinengaro.

Mena kei te pāngia koe, tetahi atu rānei e tata ana ki a koe, kaua e wehi ki te pātai me te tiki kōrero mai i ō tākuta. Kei te rite rātou, ā, kei te ngākau nui ki te āwhina i a koe.

` Te Hinengaro, GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale, Te Whara o te Roro, Te Koma, Te Whakamātautau Neurological, Te Hauora