He uaua ki tāu tamaiti te mahi tahi me ētahi atu, te kōrero rānei? He uaua ki a ia te titiro tika ki ngā kanohi o ētahi atu, me te kōrero? He roa rānei tana ako i te reo, i te kōrero rānei? He tangi rānei ia mō ngā hāora, he whanonga rānei e kore e taea te whakahaere? Mena he mātua koe nō tētahi tamaiti autism, e mōhio ana pea koe ki te nui o te pānga o tēnei momo whanonga ki te oranga o tētahi tamaiti. Ko tētahi tikanga whai hua ka taea e koe te whakaaro mō tāu tamaiti i ēnei wā ko te Tātari Whanoke Whakamahinga, te rongoā ABA rānei.
He aha te tikanga o te rongoā ABA?
Ko te rongoā ABA (Tātari Whanoke Āhua) he rongoā whanonga motuhake e whakamahia ana mō ngā tamariki me ngā tāngata whai autism me ētahi atu hauātanga whanaketanga. He tino māmā te ariā matua. Arā, ina whakaatu te tamaiti i tētahi whanonga pai, tika, ki te whakanuia taua whanonga, ā, ka hoatu he urupare pai (utu) mōna, ka hihiri te tamaiti ki te mahi anō i taua whanonga.
Arā, ina whakakaha tātou i te whanonga a te tamaiti, ka nui haere te auau o taua whanonga. Waihoki, ki te kore tātou e aro atu ki te whanonga hē a te tamaiti i te ara kotahi, ka heke haere taua whanonga, ā, ka ngaro atu pea.
Ka taea e te rongoā ABA te āwhina i te tamaiti autism ki te:
- Whakawhanake i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori: Ako ki te kōrero, ki te tākaro, me te mahi tahi me ētahi atu.
- Akohia ngā pūkenga hou: ngā mea pēnei i te reo, ngā mahi mātauranga, me pēhea te mahi i ngā mea māu ake.
- Whakanuia ngā whanonga pai, pai hoki: pērā i te whakarongo ki ētahi atu, me te manawanui i te wā e tono ana.
- Whakaititia ngā whanonga wero: ngā mea pēnei i te whara i a koe anō, te patu i ētahi atu, me te hamama tonu.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he tino whakapai ake te rongoā ABA i ngā pūkenga pāpori, ngā pūkenga kōrero, me te reo whakapuaki a ngā tamariki. Kua kitea e ētahi rangahau he nui ake i te 20 hāora ia wiki te roa o te rongoā ABA i ngā tau tōmua o te oranga o te tamaiti (ina koa i mua i te 4 tau te pakeke) ka tino whakapai ake i te whanaketanga o te tamaiti. Kua kitea hoki ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā ratonga motuhake i muri mai i te oranga.
He aha tonu ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te rongoā ABA?
Ina tīmata tāu tamaiti i te rongoā ABA, ka tūtaki tuatahi rātou ki tētahi Kaitātari Whanoketanga Poari Whaimana (BCBA), he tohunga whakangungu kei a ia i tēnei mara. Ko te mea tuatahi ka mahia e rātou ko te mōhio pai ki tāu tamaiti me te aromatawai i ōna hiahia me ōna pūkenga o nāianei.
Kia mōhio pai koe ki tāu tamaiti i tēnei ara, ka waihangahia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro he mahere maimoatanga e hāngai ana ki tāu tamaiti, ā, e hāngai ana ki a ia . Kua hangaia tēnei mahere hei arotahi ki ngā whanonga me whakarerekē e tāu tamaiti, me ngā pūkenga hoki me whakawhanake e ia.
Ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro o tāu tamaiti ngā momo tikanga, i runga i ngā hiahia o tāu tamaiti me te whanonga e arohia ana e rātou.
He aha ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā ABA?
He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaitātari whanonga (BCBA) ina whakatinanahia te rongoā ABA. Anei ētahi o ngā tikanga matua. He mea nui kia mārama koe ki ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i a rātou.
| Tikanga | Hei whakarāpopototanga... |
|---|---|
| Whakangungu Whakamātautau Motuhake (DTT) | Koinei te whakaaro o te tangata ina rongo rātou i te ABA. Engari he wāhanga noa iho tēnei o te ABA. He tikanga tino hanganga te DTT, e whakaakona ana e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro te tamaiti kia kotahi te mahi i ia wā, taahiraa i ia taahiraa. Ka mahia takitahi. Mō ētahi tamariki, he tino angitu tēnei tikanga. Ko te mea nui, ahakoa i mua i uru tēnei tikanga ki te whiu mō te whanonga hē, kua tino aukatia inaianei. Kāore e whakaaetia ana i ēnei rā. |
| Te Maimoatanga Tauhohenga Pivotal (PRT) | He tino rerekē tēnei tikanga i te DTT. Kāore i te tino hanganga. E arotahi ana ki te whakaako mā te tākaro me ngā mea e pā ana ki te oranga o ia rā o te tamaiti. I roto i te PRT, ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro te hiahia me ngā hiahia o te tamaiti ki te whakaako. Ka whai te kaiwhakaora hinengaro i te tamaiti, engari kāore e akiaki i te tamaiti ki te mahi i tāna e hiahia ai. Hei tauira, ki te whakaatu te tamaiti i te hiahia ki te tākaro ki ngā poraka, ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro aua poraka hei whakaako i a ia ki ngā tae, ki ngā āhua, ki ngā reta rānei. |
| Tauira Tīmatanga Moata o Denver (ESDM) | He huinga tēnei o ngā tikanga e rua o runga ake nei. Pērā i te PRT, he maha ngā mahi tākaro kei roto i te tikanga ESDM. Heoi, ki te tika, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakaako hanganga pērā i te DTT. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o tēnei tikanga ko te ngana ki te whakatutuki i ētahi whāinga i roto i te mahi kotahi. Hei tauira, ko te whakaako i te tamaiti ki te āhua o te tapatoru ka taea te noho hei whāinga kotahi. I taua wā anō, ko te whakauru tika a te tamaiti i te wāhanga tapatoru ki roto i te panga ka taea te noho hei whāinga anō, arā, ko te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke pai o te tamaiti. |
He aha ngā painga matua o te rongoā ABA?
He maha ngā painga ka puta mai i te rongoā ABA ki a koe me tāu tamaiti:
- Te kaha ki te whakamahi mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē: Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga mō ngā āhuatanga hauora maha atu, ehara i te mea ko te autism anake.
- He mahere motuhake mō te tamaiti: Kāore e rite ana ngā tamariki katoa. Ka whakaritea te mahere maimoatanga kia rite ki ngā hiahia me ngā āheinga o tāu tamaiti.
- Ngā hua kua whakamātauhia e te pūtaiao: Ehara tēnei i te mea he mahi noa iho. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakamātau i te angitu me ngā hua pai o tēnei tikanga maimoatanga.
- Ngā tikanga ka taea te whakamahi i te kāinga: Ka ako anō hoki te rongoā ABA i a koe, te mātua, i ngā huarahi hei whakaako i tāu tamaiti i te kāinga, me te ine i tā rātou ahunga whakamua. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te whanaketanga o tāu tamaiti.
He aha ngā whakaaro hē o te hapori mō te ABA?
Mai anō i ngā wā o mua, kua whakahēngia, kua hē hoki ngā whakaaro mō te whakaora ABA. Ina koa, i te wā i whakaurua tuatahitia ai tēnei tikanga, i whakamahia he tikanga whiu mō ngā tamariki kāore i ako i tetahi mea. Engari me mahara tātou kua whakarērea rawatia aua tikanga . Engari kei te whakahē tonu ētahi tāngata i tēnei whakaora nā ēnei hē.
| Whakaaro hē | Te Kōrero Tuturu |
|---|---|
| "Ko te kaupapa o te ABA he akiaki i ngā tamariki kia noho 'noa'." | He whakaaro hē nui tēnei. Ko te whāinga matua o te ABA ehara i te whakarerekē i te tamaiti, kia rite hoki ki te katoa. Ko te arotahi ki konei ko te whakarerekē i ngā whanonga pāpori e pā tika ana ki te haumaru me te ako o te tamaiti . Hei tauira, ki te mea kei te whara te tamaiti i a ia anō, he mea nui te whakamutu i taua whanonga mō te haumaru o te tamaiti. |
| "He rite tēnei ki te whakangungu kararehe." | He kaupapa matua te whakaū pai i roto i te pūtaiao o te ako me te whanonga. He mea noa tēnei ki ngā kararehe me te tangata hoki. Koia anō te kaupapa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mea pēnei i te mihi a te kaiako ki tētahi tamaiti i te kura, i tētahi pōnahi rānei mō tētahi e mahi pai ana i te wāhi mahi. I roto i te ABA, ka whakamahia tēnei kaupapa hei whakaako i tētahi tamaiti ki ngā pūkenga ora nui. |
| "Ko ngā raruraru whanonga anake te arotahi a te ABA." | Ko te whakaiti i ngā whanonga wero tētahi wāhanga o te ABA. Engari ko te mea nui ake, ka whakaakona ngā tamariki ki ngā whanonga tika, āwhina hei whakakapi i aua whanonga kino. Engari i te kī noa "kaua e hamama," ka whakaakona rātou me pēhea te tono i tā rātou e hiahia ana, me pēhea hoki te whakahaere i tō rātou riri. |
| "Mō te utu i ngā tamariki ki te mahi tēnei." | He rerekē rawa ngā mea e rua o te 'whakapau utu' me te 'whakapau pai'. Ko te whakapau utu he mahi kino a te tamaiti (hei tauira, te takahurihuri i roto i te toa me te tangi), kātahi ka hoatu he mea hei whakamutu. Engari i roto i te whakapau pai , ka kī atu mātou ki te tamaiti i mua, "Ki te pai tō whanonga i roto i te toa, ka hokona e au he mea e pai ana ki a koe ina puta tāua." I konei, ka whakapuakihia e mātou te whanonga pai e tumanakohia ana i mua. |
Kia pēhea te roa e hiahiatia ai e taku tamaiti te rongoā ABA?
He pātai tēnei e pātaihia ana e te tini o ngā mātua. Engari kāore he whakautu kotahi. Ko te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana e tāu tamaiti te rongoā ABA e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga. He rerekē ia tamaiti.
Ina tīmata tāu tamaiti ki te mahi tahi me te kaiwhakaora hinengaro, māna koe e āwhina ki te whakatau i te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana e tāu tamaiti. Ka whakaarohia e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro te momo whakaora e whakamahia ana, te nui o te āwhina e hiahiatia ana e tāu tamaiti, me te tere o te whakapai ake i te hauora o tāu tamaiti.
Ina kitea he autism tō tamaiti, ka taea e koe te mātua te pōuri me te manukanuka. Kei te hiahia koe ki te mahi i te mea pai mō tō tamaiti. Engari nā te maha o ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e wātea ana, he uaua ki te mōhio ko tēhea te mea hei whiriwhiri. Ko te tangata pai hei kōrero atu mō tēnei ko tō tākuta . Kōrero ki a ia mō ō kōwhiringa. Ko tētahi o ngā maimoatanga tino whai hua ka taea e koe te whakaaro ko te rongoā ABA. Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina i tō tamaiti ki te whakarerekē i ō rātou whanonga, ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga, me te whakaiti i tō rātou hiahia mō ngā ratonga motuhake ā muri ake nei.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He tikanga pūtaiao te whakaora ABA e whakanui ana i te whanonga pai o te tamaiti, e aro pai ana ki taua whanonga, ā, e whakapai ake ana i taua whanonga.
- Kāore tēnei mahere maimoatanga i te ōrite mō ia tamaiti. He mea whakarite kia rite ki tāu tamaiti e tētahi tohunga whai mātauranga.
- Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga pāpori, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te ako a te tamaiti, ā, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā whanonga wero.
- Kāore te rongoā ABA hou e whakamahi i tētahi momo whiu. Kaua e wehi i tēnā.
- He maha ngā whakaaro hē mō te ABA i roto i te hapori, nō reira me rapu tonu i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā puna pono me tō tākuta.
- I mua i te whakatau ko ēhea ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e tika ana mō tāu tamaiti, me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta .
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