ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ!

ꯃꯁꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ Descending Thoracic Aorta ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ‘ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ‘ Descending Abdominal Aorta ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ‘ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯨꯠ (Aortic root): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (Aortic arch): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ (descending thoracic aorta) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯟ (descending abdominal aorta)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ‘ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ‘ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ?

‘ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ‘ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯉꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ, ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯋꯦ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
• ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ , ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ , ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
• ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫
• ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (i.e. ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ )
• ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ꯫
• ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ!

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ, ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ)ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯤ ꯕꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯕꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯏ.

‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ’ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯤ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯌꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯒꯣꯅꯥꯗꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ)
• ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ)
• ꯂꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

• ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 1.6ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ: ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 3ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 2)꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯤ !

‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ , ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯅꯤ . ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ (TAA): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯐꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ (AAA): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ (AAA) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 65ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯀꯣꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ (TAAA): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯔꯄꯆꯔ (aneurysm rupture): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ (ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯏꯞ B ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯔꯄꯆꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ!

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (aorta) : ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯣꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯂꯨꯁꯤꯚ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ: ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (aortic bifurcation ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ‍ ‍ . . ' ' (Aneurysm) , . :

• ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ! ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ!

(Aneurysm rupture) (Aortic dissection) ‍ ‍ ‍ . 1990 (‍ ) :

• ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ, ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯜꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯦꯠ꯫
• ꯆꯃꯝꯅꯕ.
• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯒꯅꯨ!

‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

‍ ' ' (Descending Aorta) ‍ (Imaging tests) . ‍ . :

• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ (ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯎꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ - ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦ.)
• ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.(ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ - ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)
• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯑꯦꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

‍ , ‍ ‍ . ' ' (Descending Aorta) (Aneurysm) ‍ :

• ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ (EVAR):ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯇꯔ) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯤꯞ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ: ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ (ꯁꯣꯜꯇ), ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯆꯨꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 150ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ)꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯌꯣꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ! ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:

• ‘ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ (ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯏꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯣꯀꯦ?

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ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ, ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ, ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ꯫