ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯨꯛ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯡ-ꯍꯋꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯋꯥꯔꯝ" ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯋꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯋꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯡ, ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯘꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ "ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ "ꯃꯥꯔꯆ" ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯋꯥꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ꯫
ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫
1. ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ: ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯃꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯥ 200 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫
2. ꯂꯥꯔꯚꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯔꯚꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯕ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯶ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ `(ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ)` ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯗꯥꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 80%ꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
3. ꯄꯨꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ: ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
4. ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯌꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
| ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ꯫ | ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ |
|---|---|
| ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯎꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ |
| ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯆꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯎꯃꯪꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯒꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ |
| ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (1-2 mm) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯃꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯔꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯅꯤ꯫ |
| ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ |
ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯔꯥ꯫
ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ .
- ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯝꯕꯣ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯅꯁ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯌꯈꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
1. ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫
2. ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯎꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯎꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ (`(ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯂꯁ ꯊꯨꯔꯤꯟꯖꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁ)`, `(ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯅꯣꯁꯥꯗ)`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ (`(ꯗꯦꯂꯇꯥꯃꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ)`, `(ꯕꯥꯏꯐꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ)`ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯏꯅꯁꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ: ꯏꯅꯁꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐꯦꯁ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫
꯴.ꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯀꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ-ꯃꯔꯥꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯉꯥ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯀꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯉꯥ ꯌꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯋꯥꯔꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (caterpillar debris) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯄꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
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- ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯂꯊ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯏ.ꯇꯤ.ꯌꯨ .
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