ꯀꯣꯜꯗꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯔꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ? (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ; ꯐꯦꯅꯤꯂꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ꯫ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ... ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯤꯔꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯅꯤꯂꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ꯫

1. ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ‘ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯝ’ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

2. ꯐꯦꯅꯤꯂꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯀꯟꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯉꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯄꯁꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯀꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯀꯁꯉꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯃꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯧ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ:ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 2ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ 2ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 60ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU) ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ . ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯝꯕꯣ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯅꯁ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ .

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯐꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫