ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯉꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯁꯔꯨ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ, ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ "ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ .

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯵꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯝ (`ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯤꯌꯥ`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ (`ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯥꯔꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯃꯥꯌꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤ`) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ : ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯔꯕꯥꯔ (Spinal curvature): ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (scoliosis) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ (kyphosis) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯂꯦꯀꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯂꯦꯀꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯂꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ: ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ (hypotonia): ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ:

• ꯐꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯂꯤꯁ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ .
• ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (`cutis laxa`)꯫
• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ (hyperpigmentation) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (benign) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯇꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ:

• ꯄꯦꯄꯤꯂꯣꯃꯥ (ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ): ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯋꯥꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯥꯌꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ (ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ (ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯅꯣꯃꯥ (ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ HRAS ꯖꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ HRAS ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ H-Ras ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ H-Ras ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯏꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ HRAS ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ "ꯑꯣꯐ" ꯁꯨꯏꯆ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ "ꯑꯣꯟ" ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ "ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯀꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ (`de novo` ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ)ꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ꯫ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ``ꯑꯇꯣꯁꯣꯃꯜ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 50% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ? (ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯴.

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯇꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ (ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯁꯤ. ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯅꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯆꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯥ-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯤꯛ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ (`ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ`) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ: ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ꯫ ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯄꯤꯂꯣꯃꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ .

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯤꯡ (`ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯤꯡ`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ `ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ` ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯐꯦꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ :

• ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ? (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ)

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯂꯊꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, HRAS ꯖꯤꯟ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫