ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ’ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ: ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ’ ꯑꯁꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ!

ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ’ꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ . ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯎ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯎ... ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯪꯐꯩ (long bons) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ (thigh bone, or femur ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ (shin bone) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ (shin bone) , ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯂꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ (metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges)ꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯦ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ . ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ: ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (chondrocytes) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ (ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ’ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ‘ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔ’ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ... ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯖꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

• ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ , ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 13 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 15ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯀꯥꯞ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 15 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 17ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯂꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ‘ꯑꯣꯍ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯏ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ... ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯒꯦ? ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯊꯝꯂꯒꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯅꯤ .

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ , ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯐꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯔ ꯖꯣꯟ (phalanges)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ (phalanges) .
• ꯐꯣꯔꯑꯥꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ (ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (ꯎꯂꯅꯥ) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ)
• ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ (Tibia) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (Fibula)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯔ, ꯕꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯇꯕꯣꯜ, ꯖꯤꯃꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ! ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ) ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ, ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ D ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (scrape) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ:

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ꯫ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯥ, ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ/ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ)꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯈꯔꯥ꯫

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

• ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ , ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 13-15 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 15-17ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ .
• ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯪꯂꯥꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ?