ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ "ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ" ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ "प", "ब", "त"ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯛꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ? ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯐꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ( VPI ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ (oral cavity) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ (nasal cavity)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ `ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯐꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ "ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ" ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, "ꯄꯤ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯛꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫
ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯐꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ( VPI ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `sphincter`, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, VPI ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯗꯦ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ : ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ’ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ꯫VPI ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ: ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯂꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ: ꯱.
- ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯏꯗꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (ꯌꯨ.ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ) .
- ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ/ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯗꯋꯤꯟꯗ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ "ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯚꯤꯄꯤꯑꯥꯏ" ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
VPI ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ VPI ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫
| ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ꯫ | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯥꯔꯅꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ |
| ꯑꯛꯁꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯅꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ‘ꯄꯥ’, ‘ꯕꯥ’, ‘ꯇꯥ’, ‘ꯗꯥ’, ‘ꯀꯥ’, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯒꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯏ꯫ |
| ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ꯫ | ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯝꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ‘ꯁ꯭ꯍ꯭ꯁ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯔꯤꯒꯔꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ (ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ/ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ) | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:
- ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯕꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ (ꯃꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ) ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
- ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ‘ꯄꯐꯝ’ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, ‘ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯛ’ꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ‘ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
- ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ?
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯥꯡ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ (ENT ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
1. ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ: ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ VPIꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
3. ꯅꯥꯁꯣꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
꯴.ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
VPI ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
꯱.ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
꯲.ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, VPIꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯃꯦꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ (throat wall) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯞ (`pharyngeal flap`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ (`ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, VPI ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫
- ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯅꯥꯁꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯄꯅꯤꯌꯥ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ (ꯍꯥꯌꯄꯔꯅꯥꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯚꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯸꯵% ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ꯫
ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯐꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ (VPI) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ (‘ꯅꯥꯁꯥ’ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ‘প’, ‘ব’, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ত’ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯛꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ, ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯄꯤ꯫
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