ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯅꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯌꯨ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ CPU ꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

1. ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ (Developmental Dysarthria): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯂꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

2. Acquired Dysarthria: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ, ꯄꯥꯔꯀꯤꯅꯁꯅꯁ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯤꯁꯥꯔꯊꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ (Stroke): ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯏꯅꯖꯨꯔꯤ (traumatic Brain Injury): ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯄꯥꯔꯀꯤꯅꯁꯅꯁ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ: ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯂꯁꯤ (cerebral palsy) : ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (MS): ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (ALS): ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .
• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯁ: ꯱.ꯅꯔꯚ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .
• ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ : ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯄꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ 1990ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ "ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ" (SLP) ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯥꯛ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
• ꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯚꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: EEG (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯑꯦꯅꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ EMG (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯥꯌꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯞ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯧꯅꯒꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ, ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ (ꯄꯥꯔꯀꯤꯅꯁꯅꯁ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ (SLP) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ:

ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯒꯦ꯫

• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯞꯂꯤꯐꯥꯌꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯇꯕꯨꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯂꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
• ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯏꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ) ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ, "ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?" ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫