Kodi mudamvapo za SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Mungakumbukire, zaka zingapo zapitazo, panali nkhani zokhudza matenda oopsa omwe anafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Umenewo unali SARS. Kunena zoona, chinali cha m'ma 2002 kapena 2003 pamene izi zinakhala vuto lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu m'maiko ambiri anavutika chifukwa cha izi, ndipo ena anataya miyoyo yawo. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za matenda a SARS awa. Tiyeni timvetse bwino kuti ndi chiyani, momwe adayambira, komanso zomwe zinachitika panthawiyo.

Kodi SARS ndi chiyani? Kodi inakhudza bwanji dziko lapansi?

Mwachidule, SARS ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza kwambiri njira zathu zopumira, kutanthauza njira zopumira. Anazindikirika koyamba kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2002. Mu 2002-2003 matendawa anafalikira mofulumira m'maiko pafupifupi 29 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo anakhudza anthu oposa 8,000. Panthawiyo, anachititsa mantha ndi nkhawa zambiri, chifukwa anali matenda atsopano ndipo anatikhudza kwambiri.

Koma, mwamwayi, chifukwa cha zomwe akuluakulu azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi adachita mwachangu, izi zidathetsedwa. Ngakhale kuti anthu ochepa adatenga kachilombo kachiwiri mu 2004 chifukwa cha ngozi yomwe idachitika mu labotale ku China, izi zidathetsedwanso mwachangu. Kuyambira pamenepo, sipanakhale malipoti a SARS padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi si mpumulo waukulu?

Kodi zizindikiro za SARS ndi ziti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za SARS. Zina mwa izi zingamveke ngati chimfine kapena chimfine wamba. Koma zizindikiro zina zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri, makamaka zinthu monga kupuma movutikira.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:

• Malungo amphamvu osalekeza: Malungo nthawi zambiri amakhala opitirira madigiri 38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit). Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimabwera poyamba.
• Kuzizira: Kumva kuzizira, ngati kunjenjemera, komwe kumapangitsa thupi kunjenjemera.
• Mutu : Ukhoza kukhala wovuta pang'ono kuposa mutu wamba.
• Kupweteka kwa thupi: Kumva kupweteka thupi lonse, makamaka minofu.
• Chifuwa: Chingayambe ngati chifuwa chouma kenako n’kukhala chifuwa chokhala ndi ntchofu mkati mwa masiku ochepa.
• Kupuma movutikira: Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa pang'ono. Zingakhale zovuta kupuma, kumva ngati mukupuma movutikira, komanso kumva ngati chifuwa chanu chikuchepa.
• Kutsegula m'mimba: Kwa anthu ena, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa khumi aliwonse, kutsegula m'mimba kungakhalenso chizindikiro.
• Kupweteka pakhosi: Kupweteka pakhosi, kuvutika kumeza.

Taganizirani, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi malungo ndi zizindikiro zina zofanana ndi chimfine. Koma kwa ena, zizindikiro zoyambirirazi zimatha kukhala chifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira mkati mwa masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala panthawiyo chifukwa cha zizindikirozi, makamaka ngati zikutsatiridwa ndi vuto lopuma movutikira limodzi ndi malungo.

Kodi chimayambitsa SARS ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, ndiye matenda a SARS amenewa amachitika bwanji? Chifukwa cha izi ndi kachilombo ka corona komwe kamagwirizanitsidwa ndi SARS , kachilombo kena kotchedwa (SARS-CoV-1) mwachidule. Kodi mukudziwa kuti mavairasi ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, awa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosaoneka m'majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zinthu za majini monga (DNA) kapena (RNA) zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo choteteza chopangidwa ndi mapuloteni. Mavairasi awa akalowa m'thupi lathu, amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'maselo a thupi lathu kuti apange makope ambiri. Pamene chiwerengero cha mavairasi otere chikuwonjezeka, maselo athu amawonongeka ndipo timadwala. Kachirombo ka (SARS-CoV-1) aka kamagwiranso ntchito mofanana.

Kodi SARS imafalikira bwanji?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe kachilombo ka SARS kamafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Kumvetsetsa izi ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndi komwe kungalepheretse kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madontho opumira . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi, monga malovu ndi makoswe , omwe amatuluka munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akatsokomola, kutsamwitsa, kapena kulankhula mokweza. Ngati muli pafupi ndi munthu wotere, madontho amenewo amatha kulowa m'thupi lanu kudzera m'mphuno mwanu, pakamwa, komanso mwina m'maso mwanu, ndipo mutha kudwala.

Njira ina ndi kukhudza malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wodwala agwira chogwirira chitseko, tebulo, kapena foni osasamba m'manja, kapena ngati malovu ake afafazidwa pamalopo, kachilomboka kakhoza kukhalapo pamalopo. Kenako, ngati mukhudza malowo kenako n’kukhudza pakamwa panu, mphuno, kapena maso anu ndi dzanja lodetsedwalo, kachilomboka kangalowe m’thupi mwanu. Ndicho chifukwa chake kusamba m’manja pafupipafupi ndi kuyeretsa malo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe matenda opatsirana.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala SARS? Kodi zingakhale zoopsa?

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti SARS siikufalikiranso padziko lonse lapansi. Koma panthawi ya mliri wa 2002-2003, anthu ena adadwala ngati chimfine wamba ndipo adachira pasanathe masiku angapo. Komabe, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi (10% - 20%) adayamba matenda oopsa. Pali mavuto angapo omwe angachitike akakhala oopsa:

• Chibayo: Apa ndi pamene mapapo amadwala ndipo timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya (alveoli) mkati mwa mapapo timadzaza ndi madzi. Izi zimalepheretsa mpweya kulowa bwino komanso mpweya woipa kutuluka. Kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
• Mpweya wochepa m'magazi ndi minofu (Hypoxia): Mapapo akamalephera kugwira ntchito bwino, magazi samatha kuyamwa mpweya womwe thupi limafunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usamafike m'minofu yonse. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe woopsa kwambiri.
• Kulephera kupuma: Pamene mapapo afooka kwambiri moti sangathe kugwira ntchito yawo, yomwe ndi ntchito yopuma. Apa ndi pamene kupuma kochita kupanga kumafunika.

Anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri chonchi, ngati sangathe kupuma okha, amaloledwa ku zipatala zosamalira odwala kwambiri.Tinayenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira mpweya, kutanthauza, makina opumira mpweya.

Komabe, omwe zizindikiro zawo sizinali zazikulu kwambiri komanso zinali zachibadwa adatha kulandira chithandizo kunyumba. Monga momwe timachitira tikakhala ndi chimfine kapena malungo, timamwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ochepetsa malungo, timamwa madzi ambiri, ndikupuma.

Kodi pali mankhwala enieni a kachilombo ka SARS?

Funso lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi lakuti kodi pali mankhwala enieni a kachilombo ka SARS, kutanthauza mankhwala omwe angachiritse matendawa kwathunthu? Kunena zoona, ayi. Palibe mankhwala enieni omwe angachiritse kachilombo ka SARS kwathunthu. Komanso, monga matenda ambiri a mavairasi, panalibe mankhwala enieni oletsa mavairasi panthawiyo, ndipo palibe omwe alipo masiku ano. Chithandizo makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuthandiza thupi (monga kupereka mpweya), ndikupewa mavuto omwe angakhalepo.

Kodi SARS ingapewedwe? Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani?

Inde, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana monga SARS ndi matenda ena opatsirana. Izi nthawi zambiri ndi zizolowezi zaumoyo zomwe tonse timadziwa ndipo tiyenera kutsatira tsiku lililonse. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza osati ku SARS kokha, komanso ku matenda monga COVID, komanso ku zinthu monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza.

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamba m'manja bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi othamanga kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Muyenera kusamba m'manja mukatuluka kunja, musanadye, musanakonze chakudya, komanso mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito bafa. Ngati sopo palibe, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa.
• Pewani kukumana ndi ena mukamadwala: Ngati muli ndi malungo, chifuwa, kapena mphuno yotuluka madzi, khalani panyumba momwe mungathere. Pewani kupita kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Izi zikuthandizani kuti musafalitse matendawa kwa ena.
• Valani chophimba nkhope mukadwala kapena mukuganiza kuti mwina mukudwala komanso mukapita kumalo odzaza anthu: Izi zimateteza ena ku madontho omwe mumatulutsa mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula: Ndi bwino kuphimba pakamwa panu ndi mkati mwa chigongono chanu kapena pepala lokhala ndi nsalu kusiyana ndi chikhatho chanu. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito pepala lokhala ndi nsalu, litayeni m'zinyalala nthawi yomweyo mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Pewani kukhudza nkhope yanu, maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa panu ndi manja osasamba.

Kutsatira zizolowezi zimenezi kungatithandize kudziteteza ku matenda ambiri opatsirana, osati SARS yokha.

Kodi anthu angati anamwalira ndi SARS?

Pofika nthawi imene mliri wa SARS unatha mu 2003, anthu 916 anali atamwalira padziko lonse lapansi. Kenako, pa mliri waung'ono mu 2004, munthu winanso anamwalira. Zimenezi zinapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anamwalira chifike pa 917. Popeza anthu oposa 8,000 anali ndi kachilombo panthawiyo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anamwalira chinali pafupifupi 10%. Zimenezi n'zomvetsa chisoni, koma poganizira momwe matendawa anafalikira, tinganenenso kuti kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komwe bungwe la World Health Organization ndi mayiko ena linachita kukanatha kuletsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anamwalira kuti chisakwere pang'ono.

Kodi COVID ndi SARS ndi matenda omwewo?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa mayinawo ndi ofanana pang'ono. Ayi, COVID-19 ndi SARS si matenda omwewo. Onse ndi matenda opumira omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mavairasi . Komabe, mayinawa ndi ofanana pang'ono chifukwa mavairasi onsewa ali m'banja limodzi la mavairasi otchedwa Coronaviruses . Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa SARS kamadziwika mwasayansi kuti SARS-CoV-1 ndipo kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19 kamadziwika kuti SARS-CoV-2. Kodi mukudziwa kuti ma coronavirus ena angayambitse matenda ang'onoang'ono opumira monga chimfine?

Pali zosintha zingapo zazikulu:

• Kuthamanga ndi kufalikira: Kachilombo ka COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) kamafalikira mofulumira komanso mosavuta kuposa kachilombo ka SARS (SARS-CoV-1). Komanso, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri atenga kale kachilombo ka COVID-19, chiwerengero chachikulu kuposa cha SARS.
• Kufalikira kwa COVID-19 kosawonetsa zizindikiro: Zikuoneka kuti COVID-19 imafalikira mosavuta ndi anthu omwe asanakhale ndi zizindikiro komanso omwe alibe zizindikiro. Komabe, SARS inali yofala kwambiri zizindikiro zikaonekera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti COVID-19 ikhale yovuta kuilamulira.
• Kuopsa: Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zingakhale zoopsa, chiwerengero cha imfa kuchokera ku COVID-19 nthawi zambiri chimawoneka chotsika poyerekeza ndi cha SARS, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19, chiwerengero chonse cha imfa ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa cha SARS.

Kodi kufalikira kwa SARS kunatha bwanji?

Njira zoyendetsera zaumoyo wa anthu onse zinali zothandiza kwambiri poletsa mliri wa SARS. Panthawiyo, asayansi, madokotala, ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala padziko lonse lapansi ankagwira ntchito limodzi mwachangu kwambiri.

• Kuzindikira Kachilombo ka HIV: Asayansi anazindikira mwamsanga kachilombo ka HIV (SARS-CoV-1) ngati komwe kamayambitsa matenda atsopanowa.
• Kukonza njira zoyesera: Kachilombo kameneka kakapezeka, njira (monga mayeso a PCR) zomwe zikanatha kuyesa kupezeka kwake zinayambitsidwa mwachangu.
• Kuzindikira ndi kupatula odwala: Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti SARS imafalikira kwambiri zizindikiro zikayamba, kotero anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine ayenera kuzindikirika mwachangu m'mabwalo a ndege ndi m'zipatala, ndipo ayenera kudzipatula kunyumba.Zimene zinachitika, kapena kusungidwa m'zipinda zapadera m'zipatala, zinathandiza kwambiri poletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
• Kutsata wodwala: Wodwala akapezeka, amapeza amene wakumana naye ndipo amamuyang'aniranso.
• Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse: Mayiko adagawana chidziwitso ndikugwira ntchito limodzi kudzera m'mabungwe monga World Health Organization (WHO).

Ndipotu, n'zachibadwa kuti anthu azikhala osatsimikiza, amantha, komanso akuda nkhawa matenda aliwonse, makamaka mliri watsopano, akafalikira. Kwa ena, SARS inali yofatsa, pomwe kwa ena inali yoopsa kwambiri, yomwe inkapha anthu mazana ambiri. Koma asayansi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndi madera omwe akhudzidwa adagwira ntchito limodzi ndipo adagwira ntchito molimbika, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala. Akuluakulu azaumoyo m'maiko osiyanasiyana adagwira ntchito limodzi kuti azindikire mwachangu kachilomboka ndikuletsa kufalikira kwake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake palibe milandu yatsopano ya SARS kuyambira 2004.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikukambirana za SARS. Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti pakadali pano palibe mliri wa SARS padziko lonse lapansi. Umenewo ndi mpumulo weniweni. Koma, tili ndi maphunziro ambiri ofunika oti tiphunzire kuchokera ku mitundu iyi ya miliri.

• Kufunika kwa zizolowezi zabwino pa thanzi: Ngakhale zinthu zosavuta monga kusamba m'manja, kupewa anthu ena mukamadwala, komanso kuvala chophimba nkhope kungathandize kwambiri kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana.
• Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi kafukufuku: Zinthu ngati izi zimatiwonetsa bwino kufunika kwa sayansi pakupeza matenda mwachangu, kuchita mayeso, kupeza chithandizo, komanso kupanga katemera.
• Mphamvu ya mgwirizano: Timaonanso mphamvu yothana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi ngati awa pamene mayiko, asayansi, mabungwe azaumoyo, ndi anthu onse agwirizana ndikugwira ntchito limodzi.

Kotero, ngakhale kuti SARS inali matenda oopsa kale, tiyenera kukhala okonzeka kwambiri kukumana ndi zochitika zofanana mtsogolo ndi maphunziro omwe taphunzira kuchokera pamenepo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusamalira thanzi lanu nthawi zonse ndikuchita zinthu mosamala.

` SARS, SARS, matenda opumira, coronavirus, zizindikiro, matenda a kachilombo, mliri, thanzi la anthu onse