Kodi inunso mukuvutika ndi chifuwachi mochulukirachulukira? Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza chifuwa chachikulu!

Mukamva mawu akuti chifuwa chachikulu (TB), mungakhale ndi mantha pang'ono, eti? Mungaganize zinthu monga, "O, kodi inenso ndingatenge?" kapena "Kodi uwu si matenda oopsa?" Koma mukadziwa bwino lomwe kuti matendawa ndi otani, momwe amakulira, komanso zomwe tingachite nawo, mantha amenewo adzachepa kwambiri. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za chifuwa chachikulu, kapena `(TB - TB)`, mwachidule, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse bwino.

Kodi chifuwa chachikulu n'chiyani? Mwachidule...

Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka bakiteriya . Kunena zoona, kachilombo kakang'ono ka bakiteriya kotchedwa `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` ndi komwe kamayambitsa izi. Nthawi zambiri kamakhudza mapapo athu . Komabe, nthawi zina kamakhudzanso ziwalo zina zofunika m'thupi, monga msana wathu, ubongo, ndi impso.

Kodi aliyense amakhala ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu? TB yobisika komanso yogwira ntchito

Apa pali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Si aliyense amene ali ndi kachilombo ka TB amene amadwala matendawa. Kodi sizodabwitsa?

• TB Yobisika: Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mabakiteriyawa m'thupi lawo ndikukhalabe athanzi popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Timatcha 'TB yobisika'. Taganizirani ngati mdani amene akugona m'thupi lanu. Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili champhamvu , chingathe kulamulira mabakiteriyawa ndikuchisunga chigonere. Mwanjira imeneyi, anthu ena akhoza kukhala opanda zizindikiro kwa moyo wawo wonse. Akuti anthu pafupifupi 13 miliyoni ku United States amakhala ndi mtundu uwu wa 'TB Yobisika'.
• TB Yogwira Ntchito: Koma ... ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka mwanjira ina - mwina chifukwa cha matenda ena, mankhwala omwe mumamwa, kapena chifukwa choti mukukalamba - mabakiteriya omwe sagwira ntchito amatha kudzuka ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Pamenepo matendawa amakhala 'TB yogwira ntchito'. Pamenepo ndi pomwe zizindikiro zimawonekera.

Kodi zizindikiro za TB yogwira ntchito ndi ziti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za munthu amene ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi, kodi ndi bwino kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala?

• Chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhalapo kwa milungu yoposa iwiri: Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa: Mungamve kupweteka pachifuwa chanu mukamapuma kapena kutsokomola.
• Kutsokomola phlegm kapena magazi: Ngati mukutsokomola phlegm (mphuno/ntchofu) pamodzi ndi magazi pang'ono, zimenezonso ndi chinthu choyenera kusamala nacho.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso wopanda moyo (Kutopa/Kufooka): Mungamve kutopa kwambiri moti simungathe kugwira ntchito iliyonse.
• Kusowa chilakolako: Mungataye chilakolako chonse chofuna kudya.
• Kuchepetsa thupi: Ngati mwachepetsa thupi mosayembekezereka.
• Kuzizira ndi Malungo: Sikuti malungo aliwonse okha, koma malungo omwe amabweretsa kuzizira.
• Thukuta la usiku: Mutha kutuluka thukuta kwambiri mukamagona moti machira anu ogona amanyowa.

Kumbukirani: Mungakhale ndi TB yobisika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simungasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse. Koma ngati mutenga mayeso a TB, mwina muli ndi kachilomboka.

Kodi chimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu ndi chiyani?

Monga ndanenera kale, chifukwa cha izi ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Kachiromboka kamafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga . Munthu wodwala chifuwa chachikulu akamatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kulankhula, kuimba, kapena kuseka, tizilomboti timatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, ndipo tikamapuma mpweya umenewo, timatha kulowa m'mapapu athu. Nthawi zina, mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi mwanjira imeneyi amathanso kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chifuwa chachikulu?

Inde, mtundu waukulu komanso wofala kwambiri wa chifuwa chachikulu ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mapapo. Timachitcha kuti Pulmonary Tuberculosis .

Komabe, mabakiteriya amenewa amathanso kukhudza ziwalo zina za thupi. Timatcha izi kuti ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo .

Mwinanso munamvapo za matenda otchedwa Miliary Tuberculosis . Amafalikira m'thupi lonse ndipo angayambitse matenda aakulu monga:

• Kutupa kwa minyewa ya ubongo - Timatcha izi `(Meningitis)`.
• Chifuwa Cham'mimba Cham'mimba - Ichi chimatchedwa `(matenda a Pott)` kapena `(Chifuwa Cham'mimba Cham'mimba Cham'mimba)`.
• Matenda a Addison, omwe ndi matenda okhudzana ndi adrenal glands.
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes m'khosi - Izi zimatchedwa `(Scrofula)`.

Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chimafalikira bwanji?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kudziwa motsimikiza. Chifuwa chachikulu chimafalikira pamene munthu amene ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu m'mapapo akutsokomola, kuyetsemula, kulankhula, kuimba, kapena kuseka. Chofunika kwambiri, chimafalikira ndi anthu okhawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo m'mapapo mwawo .

Kawirikawiri, kuti mupeze matendawa, muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali . Sikophweka kuwapeza kuchokera kwa munthu amene mwangokumana naye mumsewu.

Anthu ambiri omwe amapuma mabakiteriya a TB ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndikuletsa kukula kwawo. Apa ndi pomwe TB yobisika yomwe ndatchula kale imachitika.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a chifuwa chachikulu?

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka TB. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali:

• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu amatha kufalikira mosavuta kwa anthu okhala kapena ogwira ntchito m'malo odzaza anthu, monga ndende, nyumba zosungira okalamba, nyumba za okalamba, malo azaumoyo, ndi malo ogona.
• Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito mu ma laboratories a microbiology (Mycobacterialology laboratory).
• M'madera omwe chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chili chofala, monga Latin America, Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, ndi RussiaKwa iwo omwe adakhalapo kapena omwe adayendapo.
• Kwa iwo omwe akhala pafupi ndi munthu wodziwika kapena woganiziridwa kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga TB yobisika kapena TB yogwira ntchito?

Anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu chobisika kukhala TB yogwira ntchito:

• Kwa iwo amene amaika mankhwala m'mitsempha.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Mwachitsanzo, makanda, ana aang'ono, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndi anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda osatha monga matenda a impso ndi matenda a shuga.
• Kwa iwo omwe adasinthidwa chiwalo.
• Kwa iwo omwe akulandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy cha khansa.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji chifuwa chachikulu?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi chifuwa chachikulu, mukapita kwa dokotala, akhoza kuchita mayeso otsatirawa:

• Kuyezetsa khungu kapena magazi: Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yodziwira ngati mwakhalapo ndi mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu.
• Mayeso a labu pa makoswe ndi madzi a m'mapapo: Chitsanzo cha makoswe anu chimatengedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa ngati pali mabakiteriya.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Kuona ngati pali kusintha kulikonse m'mapapo.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Nthawi zina izi zimathandiza kupeza chithunzi chomveka bwino kuposa X-ray.

Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chimachiritsidwa bwanji? Kodi chingachiritsidwe?

Inde! Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda ochiritsika! Koma chiyenera kuchiritsidwa bwino.

Madokotala amachiritsa TB yogwira ntchito komanso yobisika ndi mitundu ina ya maantibayotiki . Kuti muthetse matenda onse, muyenera kumwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala nthawi imodzi.

Chofunika kwambiri: Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali - osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi inayi . Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumaliza mankhwala onse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, osaphonya tsiku limodzi. Pokhapokha mudzatha kuchotsa kwathunthu mabakiteriyawa m'thupi lanu.

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Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati simutenga mankhwala moyenera kapena kusiya kumwa pakati? Matendawa angabwererenso. Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti mabakiteriya amatha kusintha kukhala osagonja ku mankhwala (kusagonja ku mankhwala). Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchiza.

Mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu

Nazi mitundu ina ya mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu angakupatseni:

• `(Isoniazid)`
• `(Rifampin)`
• `(Ethambutol)`
• `(Pyrazinamide)`
• `(Rifapentine)`

(Izi ndi mitundu ya mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa. Dokotala adzawunika momwe mulili ndikukupatsani mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera.)

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo mutayamba kumwa mankhwala, mudzamva bwino pang'ono, ndipo zizindikiro zanu zidzayamba kuchepa. Chifuwa chanu chidzachepa, ndipo chilakolako chanu chidzawonjezeka. Koma musasiye kumwa mankhwala chifukwa choti mukumva bwino! Nthawi yonse ya chithandizo itenga pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 9. Muyenera kumwa mankhwala moyenera nthawi yonseyi.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwakhala mukudwala chifuwa chachikulu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu (chifuwa, kutentha thupi, kuchepa thupi), onetsetsani kuti mwapita kukayezetsa, chifukwa mungathe kufalitsa matendawa kwa wina.
• Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu ndipo mukumva ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zina zilizonse kuchokera ku mankhwalawa (monga chikasu cha maso, kupweteka kwa thupi, nseru), uzani dokotala wanu za zimenezo.

Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe kukula ndi kufalikira kwa chifuwa chachikulu?

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Tonsefe tingathandize pa izi.

• Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse ndi sopo.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu ndi chigongono chanu kapena pepala lachikopa mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Ndikofunikanso kupewa kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula pamaso pa ena mukakhala panja.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu, chepetsani kukhudzana ndi anthu ena momwe mungathere.
• Ngati mukulandira chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu, imwani mankhwala onse omwe mwapatsidwa monga mwalangizidwira komanso nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa.
• Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chachikulu, musabwerere kuntchito kapena kusukulu mpaka dokotala atakupatsani chilolezo.

Mu zipatala, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa chifuwa chachikulu ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE) (monga zophimba nkhope) ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala.

Kodi pali katemera wa chifuwa chachikulu?

Inde, pali katemera wotchedwa `(BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)`. Mayiko ena (sigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko ngati America, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ngati Sri Lanka) amagwiritsa ntchito. Makamaka m'maiko omwe chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chili chofala, katemerayu amaperekedwa kwa ana aang'ono kuti awateteze ku mitundu yoopsa ya matendawa.

Kodi chifuwa chachikulu ndi chofala bwanji?

Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, mu 2020, anthu pafupifupi 10 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi adadwala chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni adamwalira. Panthawi ina, chifuwa chachikulu chinali chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ku United States. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala atsopano, chiwerengero cha odwalawa chinachepa mofulumira m'zaka za m'ma 1940 ndi 1950. Chifuwa chachikulu ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi ku Sri Lanka.

Koma kumbukirani, chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda ochiritsika ngati mutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndikumwa mankhwala oyenera.

Pomaliza, zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzatha kukumbukira mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana lero zokhudza chifuwa chachikulu.

Chifuwa chachikulu si chinthu choopa, koma sichinthu chongofunika kuchinyalanyaza.

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chifuwa chomwe chimatenga milungu yoposa iwiri , malungo, thukuta usiku, komanso kuchepa thupi, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala.
• Ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi munthu wodwala chifuwa chachikulu, uzani dokotala.
• Pali mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo ngati chithandizocho chachitika bwino komanso kwa nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa, chingachiritsidwe kwathunthu.
• Ngakhale mutayamba kumwa mankhwalawo, musasiye kumwa mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani kuti mutero.
• Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuganizira za thanzi lanu ndi thanzi la anthu omwe akuzungulirani ndikuchita zinthu mosamala.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wa banja lanu kapena chipatala cha boma chapafupi. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

` Chifuwa chachikulu, TB, chifuwa, mapapo, matenda, chithandizo, zizindikiro