Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa!

Tikamva mawu oti khansa, tonse timachita mantha pang'ono, sichoncho? Ndipotu, ngakhale tikamva mawu awa, timamva mantha ndi chisoni. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe kuti khansa ndi chiyani, momwe imakulira, komanso mankhwala omwe alipo. Chifukwa, kudziwa ndiye mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi chinthu chonga ichi. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za khansa iyi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi khansa iyi ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, khansa ndi dzina lofala la gulu la matenda omwe amapezeka pamene maselo abwinobwino m'thupi lathu amakhala maselo a khansa, amagawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika, ndipo amayamba kufalikira m'thupi lonse. Taganizirani izi, majini athu ndi omwe amapereka malangizo kwa maselo athu - mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga 'yambani kukula tsopano, siyani kukula tsopano'. Maselo abwinobwino amatsatira malangizo awa ndendende. Komabe, maselo a khansa salabadira malangizo awa konse. Amayamba kugawikana ndikufalikira momwe akufunira. Ndipotu, khansa ndiye chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha imfa m'maiko ngati United States. Komabe, nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha khansa tsopano chatsika kuposa momwe chinalili zaka 20 zapitazo. Kuzindikira msanga ndi njira zamakono komanso zamakono tsopano zathandiza kuchiritsa khansa ndikuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa kukhala ndi moyo wautali.

Kodi pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa?

Inde, pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya khansa. Madokotala amaigawa m'magulu kutengera komwe khansa imayambira m'thupi komanso mtundu wa minofu yomwe imakhudza. Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: 1. Khansa yolimba: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa . Mwachidule, odwala khansa 8 mpaka 9 mwa 10 amadwala khansa yamtunduwu. Izi zikuphatikizapo khansa yomwe imayamba m'minofu ya epithelial, monga yomwe ili pakhungu lathu, m'mawere, m'matumbo, ndi m'mapapo, yotchedwa carcinomas. Ikuphatikizaponso khansa yomwe imayamba m'minofu ya mafupa ndi yolumikizana, yotchedwa sarcomas. 2. Khansa ya m'magazi: Izi zimayambira m'maselo athu amagazi kapena m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga `(Leukemia)` (Leukemia), `(Lymphoma)` (Lymphoma)` ndi `(Multiple Myeloma)` akuphatikizidwa m'gululi. 3. Khansa zosakanikirana: Pali khansa zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yonse iwiri yomwe ili pamwambapa, kapena mawonekedwe a mitundu iwiri. Chitsanzo ndi mitundu ya `(Carcinosarcoma)` ndi `(Adenosquamous carcinoma)`.

Kodi khansa ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha imfa padziko lonse lapansi. Ofufuza akuyerekeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2024, anthu oposa 2 miliyoni ku United States kokha adzapezeka ndi khansa, ndipo anthu oposa 611,000 adzafa ndi matendawa. Munthu mmodzi pa anayi aliwonse ndi ameneyu.Akuti anthu akhoza kudwala khansa nthawi ina m'moyo wawo. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya khansa ku United States ndi iyi:

• Khansa ya m'mawere
• Khansa ya m'mapapo
• Khansa ya prostate
• Khansa ya m'matumbo
• Khansa ya magazi

Aliyense akhoza kutenga khansa. Komabe, pali kusiyana pakati pa mafuko ena ndi amuna kapena akazi. Malinga ndi Lipoti la Khansa la Chaka cha 2022:

• Amuna ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa kuposa akazi.
• Anthu azaka zopitilira 60 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa kuposa magulu ena azaka.
• Khansa ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa amuna akuda poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
• Khansa ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa akazi aku America a ku India kapena aku Alaska kuposa akazi a mafuko ena.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zimatengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo komanso momwe yafalikira. Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe mungakhale nazo:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri nthawi zonse (` Kutopa` )
• Malungo, makamaka usiku
• Chilakolako cha chakudya
• Thukuta la usiku
• Ululu wopitirira
• Kusintha kwa khungu , makamaka kusintha kwa mawonekedwe kapena kukula kwa zizindikiro zoberekera, kapena mawonekedwe a zizindikiro zatsopano zoberekera
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zenizeni za chiwalo chomwe khansa ilimo zingaonekenso. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kutuluka magazi mu mkodzo kapena ndowe
• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, mtundu, kapena kukula kwa chizindikiro chobadwa nacho pakhungu
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Ziphuphu zatsopano kapena zotupa pathupi

Mndandandawu si wokwanira. Komanso, kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa. Khansa ndi matenda ovuta . Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, simungadziwe kuti muli ndi khansa kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimatha kuonekera ndipo zimatha kukhala zazikulu mwachangu.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndi kunena za kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo m'thupi lanu komwe kwakhala kukuchitika kwa milungu yoposa iwiri., Kudziwitsa dokotala za nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chiyani khansa iyi imachitika? (Zifukwa za Khansa)

Khansa ndi matenda a majini . Koma sizikutanthauza kuti khansa zonse zimabadwa nazo. Izi zimachitika majini omwe amalamulira momwe maselo athu amagwirira ntchito akusintha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo osazolowereka akule, agawikane, ndipo pamapeto pake amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a matupi athu. Maselo osazolowereka awa amatha kupanga zotupa. Nthawi zina, maselo a khansa awa amatha kuchoka pa chotupacho ndikupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi kudzera mu dongosolo lathu la lymphatic kapena m'magazi. Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amatcha metastasis. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chotupa m'mawere mwanu chikufalikira mpaka m'mapapo mwanu, mungakhale ndi vuto lopuma. Mu mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi, mafupa athu amayamba kupanga maselo osazolowereka amagazi osalamulirika. Pakapita nthawi, maselo osazolowereka awa amadzaza maselo abwinobwino amagazi. Ofufuza zachipatala akuti 5% mpaka 10% yokha ya khansa zonse imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kwabadwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira. Khansa zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kwapezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kusintha komwe kumachitika nthawi ya moyo wathu. Madokotala apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa.

Zinthu zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe chimayambitsa khansa. Komabe, zinthu zina zingawonjezere chiopsezo chotenga khansa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mbiri ya banja : Ngati wachibale wanu wapafupi (makolo, abale, agogo) adadwala khansa, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa.
• Kusuta : Kusuta fodya ndi ndudu zamagetsi kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mapapo, ya m'mero, ya kapamba, ndi ya mkamwa.
• Zinthu Zachilengedwe: Kukhudzidwa ndi poizoni wa chilengedwe, monga asbestos, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi radon, kungayambitse khansa pakapita nthawi.
• Kusadya bwino: Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso shuga wambiri zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Komanso, ngati simuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira, mumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala matenda.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni:Azimayi omwe akutenga mankhwala obwezeretsa mahomoni akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'chiberekero.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa: Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kochokera ku dzuwa nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya pakhungu. Kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kungakhalenso chifukwa choopsa.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi khansa? (Kuzindikira)

Madokotala amayamba njira yodziwira khansa ndi kuyezetsa thupi lonse. Amakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu. Kuphatikiza apo, angafunike kuchita mayeso monga:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa khansa: Izi zitha kuphatikizapo "Kuwerengera Magazi Konse (CBC)`` (kuwerengera magazi konse), "kuyezetsa mapuloteni m'magazi``, ndi "kuyezetsa zizindikiro za chotupa``.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga `(CT scan)` (CT scan), `(MRI)` (MRI), `(Ultrasound)` (Ultrasound) kapena `(Iodine Metaiodobenzylguanidine - MIGB)`.
• Kuyeza magazi m'thupi: Izi zitha kuchitika mwa opaleshoni (kudzera mu kudula) kapena popanda opaleshoni (ndi singano). Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa cha minofu yokayikitsa ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.
• Kuyezetsa khansa m'majini: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira mitundu ya khansa yobadwa nayo ndikukonzekera chithandizo chake.

Kodi gawo la khansa limatsimikiziridwa bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira khansa pokonzekera chithandizo ndikupeza lingaliro la momwe matendawa adzapitirire (kuzindikira matenda). Khansa zambiri zimakhala ndi magawo anayi akuluakulu. Gawo lenileni limatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupa ndi komwe chili.

• Magawo I-III (1-3) (oyambirira kapena opita patsogolo m'deralo): Magawo amenewa nthawi zambiri amafotokoza milandu pamene khansa yakula mwachindunji m'minofu yozungulira, kapena yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo Lachinayi (4) (khansa yofalikira): Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zakutali za thupi, kaya kudzera m'magazi anu kapena m'thupi lanu.

Kodi khansa imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Nthawi zina, angagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira, kutengera matenda anu. Mankhwala odziwika bwino a khansa ndi awa:

• Opaleshoni: Zotupa za khansa zomwe sizinafalikire mbali zina za thupi zimatha kuchotsedwa kudzera mu opaleshoni.
• Chemotherapy: Mankhwala amphamvu amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena ngati madzi operekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kuti awononge maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Mankhwala amphamvu a radiation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chizilimbana ndi matendawa.
• Chithandizo cholunjika: Chithandizo chimayang'ana mwachindunji kusintha kwa majini komwe kumasintha maselo athanzi kukhala maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni: Chimaletsa mahomoni omwe amathandiza khansa kukula. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate angapatsidwe mahomoni omwe amachepetsa testosterone.
• Kusamutsa mafupa: Maselo oyambira magazi owonongeka amalowedwa m'malo ndi maselo athanzi.

Chithandizo cha khansa chingayambitse zotsatirapo zingapo. Zotsatirapo izi zimadalira mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mumalandira komanso momwe thupi lanu limayankhira. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse panthawi ya chithandizo chanu cha khansa, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu. Akhoza kukupatsani malangizo kapena mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni.

Kodi pali njira zopewera khansa?

Si khansa zonse zomwe zingapewedwe, makamaka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sitingathe kuziletsa. Komabe, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Ngati mumasuta kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya, yesani kusiya . Funsani dokotala wanu za mapulogalamu oletsa kusuta.
• Tsatirani ndondomeko yodyera zakudya zabwino yomwe ikuyenererani.
• Onjezerani masewera olimbitsa thupi pa zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Pewani poizoni wowononga chilengedwe monga asbestos ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Dzitetezeni ku dzuwa (monga kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a dzuwa, zipewa, mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa).
• Yesani kuyezetsa khansa nthawi zonse.

Kodi moyo uli bwanji ndi khansa? (Maganizo a Khansa)

Ndinu wapadera, ndipo nthawi yoti matenda anu ayambe ndi yapadera. Madokotala anu adzasankha momwe mukuonera matenda anu kutengera zinthu monga:

• Thanzi lanu lonse .
• Mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo.
• Gawo la khansa yanu.
• Momwe mumachitira mukalandira chithandizo .

Ngakhale kuti palibe "mankhwala" amodzi a khansa, khansa zina zimachira bwino zikalandira chithandizo. Anthu ambiri amaona kuchepa kwa zizindikiro. Madokotala amatcha kuchepa kwa zizindikiro, nthawi zina ngakhale kuzimiririka kwathunthu, "kuchotsedwa"'. "Kuchotsedwa pang'ono" kumatanthauza kuti zizindikiro zachepa pang'ono. "Kuchotsedwa kwathunthu" kumatanthauza kuti palibe zizindikiro zina. Chifukwa khansa zosiyanasiyana zimafuna chithandizo chosiyana, zotsatira zake zimasiyana. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe amapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa khansa isanafalikire amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri . Komabe, ngakhale khansa yanu itafalikira kupitirira komwe idayambira, chithandizo chingawongolere kukula kwake, kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu, kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wautali, ndikukweza "moyo wanu" wanu.

Kodi anthu omwe akuchira khansa amapulumuka bwanji?

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apulumuka malinga ndi zomwe anthu ambiri akumana nazo. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matendawa, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apulumuka chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa, gawo lake, ndi chithandizo chake.

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka ndi kungoyerekeza chabe. Sikukuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo kapena momwe thupi lanu lidzayankhira chithandizo china. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri za izi.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji? (Kudzisamalira)

Kudzisamalira n'kofunika kwambiri mukakhala ndi khansa. Zingakhale zosiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Kudzisamalira pang'ono ndi TLC (Tender Loving Care) mukafuna kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa ndikukweza thanzi lanu la maganizo, lamaganizo, komanso lauzimu. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Yesani zinthu monga zaluso kapena nyimbo.
• Pezani gulu lothandizira kuti mulankhule ndi anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zomwezo ngati inu.
• Pezani kutikita minofu pang'ono (koma funsani dokotala kaye ).
• Kumanani ndi katswiri wazakudya ndipo pangani dongosolo la chakudya lomwe likuyenererani.
• Yesetsani kuchita zinthu zoganizira bwino monga yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha.
• Werengani buku lomwe mumakonda, kapena onerani filimu yomwe mumakonda.
• Pumulani nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna, osati nthawi yokhayo yomwe mungathe.
• Konzani nthawi yanu yochezera anthu kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yocheza ndi okondedwa anu komanso kuti muteteze nthawi yanu yopuma.
• Lankhulani ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena mlangizi za momwe matendawa amakhudzira maganizo anu.
• Lembani zomwe zili m'maganizo mwanu mu dayalo.

Zina mwa zinthuzi sizingakuyendereni bwino, ndipo palibe vuto. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuchita zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chimwemwe ndi chikhutiro.Pezani njira zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yanu mwanzeru.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Uzani dokotala wanu za mavuto aliwonse omwe muli nawo pamene mukulandira chithandizo cha khansa, kuphatikizapo zotsatirapo zake. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wanu wa khansa angakuthandizeni kupeza njira zokuthandizani kukhala bwino. Ngati simukumva bwino, musazengereze kuwauza.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. Ngati muli ndi khansa, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zambiri momwe mungathere. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Ndi khansa yamtundu wanji yomwe ndili nayo?
• Kodi khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi langa?
• Kodi mwayi wanga wochira ndi wotani?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi ubwino wa chithandizo changa ndi ziti?
• Kodi chithandizo chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndidzatha kugwira ntchito panthawi yolandira chithandizo cha khansa?
• Kodi chithandizo cha khansa chingakhudze chonde changa?
• Kodi ndiyenera kukhala m'chipatala kuti ndikalandire chithandizo?
• Kodi kuyesa kuchipatala kungakhale njira yabwino kwa ine?

Mawu oti "muli ndi khansa" mwina ndi mawu owopsa kwambiri omwe mungamvepo. Mwadzidzidzi, chilichonse chimakhala chosatsimikizika. Mungamve chisoni, kusungulumwa, kukhumudwa, kukwiya. Mungamve zonsezi nthawi imodzi. Kapena, mungamve kukhumudwa kwathunthu. Kaya mukumva bwanji, palibe vuto. Kodi matendawa andisintha bwanji? Kodi moyo wanga udzakhala bwanji tsopano? Ndidzakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji ndi okondedwa anga? Ngati mafunso awa akukuzungulirani, simuli nokha. Kuyambira tsiku lomwe mudapezeka ndi khansa, mwakhala wopulumuka khansa - membala wa gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi. Mudzakumana ndi anthu ambiri panjira. Funani thandizo kwa iwo ndi okondedwa anu. Madokotala anu akumvetsa kufunika kwa chochitika chosintha moyo ichi - ​​ali pano kuti akuthandizeni mwanjira iliyonse yomwe mukufuna.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Ngakhale khansa ndi vuto lalikulu, kudziwa, kuzindikira msanga, ndi kulandira chithandizo choyenera kungathandize kwambiri.

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zachilendo (makamaka ngati zimatha milungu yoposa iwiri), funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
• Pewani zinthu zomwe zingachititse khansa momwe mungathere (kusasuta fodya, kudya zakudya zabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi).
• Pita kukayezetsa thanzi lako nthawi zonse.
• Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake.
• Kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha . Pezani thandizo kuchokera kwa abale, abwenzi, ndi magulu othandizira.

Kumbukirani, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi vutoli ndi maganizo amphamvu komanso malingaliro abwino .