Kodi mwadzidzidzi mukukumana ndi mavuto mu ubongo wanu ndi msana? Tiyeni tiphunzire za ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis)!

Kodi mudamvapo za mawu oti `ADEM` (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis)? Izi zitha kukhala zachilendo kwa inu. Ndi vuto losowa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti limakhudza anthu ochepa kwambiri, koma limatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi ndikukhudza mitsempha yathu. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi ADEM ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Mwachidule, ADEM ndi kutupa mwadzidzidzi kwa dongosolo lathu la mitsempha - kutanthauza ubongo ndi msana. Taganizirani izi motere, monga momwe timachitira tikavulala , thupi lathu limatupa, izi zimayambitsa kutupa m'madera ena a ubongo ndi msana.

Kutupa kumeneku kungawononge chigoba choteteza chomwe chimazungulira ulusi wathu wa mitsempha. Chigoba ichi chimatchedwa chigoba cha myelin . Chili ngati pulasitiki yophimba waya wamagetsi. Chimathandiza mauthenga kuyenda mofulumira kudzera mu mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, chigoba cha myelin ichi chikawonongeka, mauthenga a mitsempha samayenda bwino. Pamenepo ndi pomwe zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimawonekera. Madokotala ena amatchanso vutoli kuti "demyelinating".

Mawu akuti "acute" mu ADEM amatanthauza kuti zimachitika mwadzidzidzi . Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika kamodzi kokha m'moyo. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti zibwerezedwenso kawirikawiri.

Kodi izi ndizofala bwanji?

ADEM ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti m'dziko ngati America, matendawa amapezeka mwa munthu mmodzi pa anthu awiri ndi theka miliyoni. Choncho, si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ADEM nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha masiku angapo kuchokera pamene kachilombo ka HIV kapena bakiteriya kayamba . Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu, komanso zimadalira komwe kutupa kuli mu ubongo kapena msana.

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Malungo
• Mutu.
• Kusanza kapena kusanza
• Chisokonezo
• Kutopa

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje zingaphatikizepo:

• Kumva dzanzi kapena kumva kunjenjemera m'miyendo
• Kuvuta kumeza
• Kutaya kapena kusokonekera kwa masomphenya (optic neuritis)
• Kufooka kwa minofu
• Kuyenda movutikira
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu

Monga mukuonera, zizindikirozi ndi kuopsa kwake zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu . Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri, pomwe ena amatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi zifukwa za ADEM ndi ziti?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha ADEM sichinadziwikebe . Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya akalowa m'thupi mwathu, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimalimbana nacho. Komabe, mwa munthu amene ali ndi ADEM, chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira molakwika ziwalo za dongosolo lake la mitsempha . Zili ngati kuukira m'modzi mwa mamembala ake, poganiza kuti ndi mdani. Kuukira kolakwika kumeneku kumayambitsa kutupa (kutupa) komwe kwatchulidwa kale, komwe kumayambitsa zizindikiro.

Zapezeka kuti pakati pa 70% ndi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi ADEM amakhala ndi matenda kapena matenda zizindikiro za ADEM zisanawonekere. Zizindikiro za ADEM nthawi zambiri zimayamba masiku 7 mpaka 14 pambuyo pa matendawa. Matenda ena ofala omwe angagwirizane ndi ADEM ndi awa:

• Fuluwenza kapena Fuluwenza
• Chikuku
• Matumbo
• Rubella
• Nthomba
• Kachilombo ka Epstein Barr
• Kachilombo ka Cytomegalovirus
• Kachilombo ka Herpes simplex (kachilombo ka Herpes simplex)

Ngakhale kuti mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, mavairasi, ndi matenda ena agwirizanitsidwa ndi ADEM, sizikuwoneka kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kamodzi kokha.

Posachedwapa, chifukwa china cha ADEM, makamaka mwa ana, chadziwika kuti Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD). Ichi chimaonedwanso ngati vuto la autoimmune. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira dongosolo lake la mitsempha. MOGAD iyi nthawi zina ingayambitse ADEM.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga ADEM?

Aliyense akhoza kutenga ADEM. Komabe, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana kuposa akuluakulu . Komanso, ngati mwakhala ndi kachilombo ka ADEM posachedwapa, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi ADEM chikhoza kukhala chachikulu pang'ono.

Kodi ndi mavuto ati omwe angayambitse ADEM?

ADEM ingayambitse mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo:

• Kutaya kukumbukira
• Kuchedwa kwa ntchito yoganizira zinthu
• Chikomokere

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za ADEM zimatha kupha munthu ngati zitakula kwambiri. Koma zimenezo sizichitika kawirikawiri .

Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapitirira ngakhale atalandira chithandizo:

• Mutu waukulu.
• Kusanza
• Mavuto ndi mgwirizano
• Maso osawoneka bwino

Kodi ADEM imapezedwa bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za ADEM, dokotala adzakudziwitsani mbiri yanu yonse ya matenda anu, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, ndikukupimani ubongo , mayeso onse akuthupi, ndi mayeso ena angapo kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi ADEM .

Mayeso amachitidwanso kuti aone ngati pali matenda ena omwe amayambitsa ADEM, monga MOGAD. Mayeso odziwika bwino ozindikira ADEM amaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi ndi:

• Kujambula kwa MRI
• Kuyesa madzi a msana

Kodi mayeso a MRI amafufuza chiyani?

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ndi njira yapadera yojambulira zithunzi yomwe ingayang'ane kusintha mkati mwa ubongo. Madokotala amafufuza zilonda kapena mawanga omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ADEM m'malo atatu akuluakulu a dongosolo la mitsempha: ubongo, chingwe cha msana, ndi mitsempha ya maso.

• Zinthu zoyera : Apa ndi pomwe ulusi wa mitsempha umakutidwa ndi myelin. Izi zimaoneka zoyera pa MRI.
• Grey matter : Izi zili ndi matupi a maselo a mitsempha. Amaoneka akuda pa MRI chifukwa alibe myelin.

Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa MRI yoyamba, dokotala angalamule MRI ina kuti awone momwe madera awa amasinthira pakapita nthawi.

Kodi n’chiyani chimafunidwa poyesa madzi a msana?

Izi zimatchedwanso kuphulika kwa lumbar . Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro za mitsempha. Zimaphatikizapo kumwa pang'ono madzi a m'mitsempha yanu (CSF). CSF ndi madzi omveka bwino, opanda mtundu omwe amazungulira, kuteteza, ndikudyetsa ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu.

Mu ADEM, madzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo amakhala ndi maselo oyera ambiri, makamaka ma lymphocyte . Maselo amenewa ndi mbali yogwira ntchito ya chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Chitsanzo cha CSF ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona momwe maselowa amayankhira ku mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi omwe akuganiziridwa kuti amayambitsa ADEM, komanso kuyang'ana matenda ena otupa a mitsempha.

Kodi mankhwala a ADEM ndi ati?

Cholinga chachikulu chochiza ADEM ndikuchepetsa kutupa mu ubongo ndi msana . Mankhwala otsatirawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Mankhwala a steroidMankhwala a steroid: Chithandizo choyamba cha ADEM ndi ma steroids a m'mitsempha (IV). Izi zitha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kwa masiku angapo. Kenako mutha kupatsidwa mapiritsi a steroid akumwa kwa masiku angapo.
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) : Iyi ndi njira yochizira yomwe ili ndi ma antibodies opangidwa kuchokera ku plasma ya magazi a wopereka. Izi zimaperekedwanso mumtsempha.
• Kusinthana kwa plasma (kapena plasmapheresis): Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi anu ena, kuwayendetsa kudzera mu makina omwe amachotsa zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, kenako nkuwabwezeretsa m'thupi lanu. Chithandizochi chingatenge maola angapo ndipo chingachitike kangapo.

Kafukufuku akupitilizabe kuphunzira zambiri za vutoli ndikupeza njira zatsopano zochiritsira.

Kumbukirani kuti mankhwala amenewa amasankhidwa ndi dokotala wanu. Iye ndiye adzasankha chomwe chili choyenera thanzi lanu.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa mankhwala awa?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithandizo chilichonse, zotsatirapo zina zingachitike.

Zotsatirapo za chithandizo cha steroid cha kanthawi kochepa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa, koma zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi
• Kuchepa kwa potaziyamu
• Kuvuta kugona
• Kusintha kwa maganizo (kukwiya, kulira, nkhawa)
• Kulemera
• Kufiira kwa masaya
• Kumva kukoma kwachitsulo mkamwa

Zotsatirapo ndi zovuta za chithandizo cha `IVIG` :

• Kusamva bwino kwa thupi
• Matenda
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Magazi amaundana
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso
• Mutu.

Mavuto a Plasmapheresis :

• Kusakhazikika
• Kutuluka magazi
• Matenda
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso
• Kusakwanira kwa magazi ku gawo la thupi (`Ischemia`)

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo izi. Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuthandizidwa.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Anthu ambiri omwe amalandira chithandizo cha ADEM amayamba kumva bwino patatha masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene alandira chithandizo . Komabe, kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu, zingatenge miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti achire mokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ena sangachire mokwanira. Komabe, anthu ambiri amachira bwino.

Kodi pali njira yopewera ADEM?

Palibe njira yeniyeni yopewera ADEM. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwa kuchita zinthu zaukhondo kuti mupewe matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya (monga kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi komanso kupewa anthu odwala).

Kodi chiyembekezo cha ADEM ndi chotani? Kodi chimachiritsidwa?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ADEM amachira kwathunthu kapena pafupifupi kwathunthu atatha kulandira chithandizo.Ngati kutupa kuli koopsa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sikungakhale koopsa kupha. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni lingaliro labwino kwambiri la vuto lanu.

Zizindikiro za ADEM nthawi zambiri zimachitika kamodzi kokha , koma zimatha kubwereranso kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa (monga MOGAD). ADEM nthawi zambiri imatha ndi chithandizo, koma zizindikiro zimatha kubwereranso. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ADEM, makamaka mutadwala matenda , onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Zikapezeka msanga, chithandizo chimayamba msanga.

Mafunso ofunikira oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Ngati mwapezeka ndi ADEM, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera bwanji mayesowa?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chamtundu wanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi zizindikiro zanga zidzapitirirabe nditalandira chithandizo?

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha mukakumana ndi zizindikiro monga kulephera kuyenda, kutaya maso, kapena kukhala ndi khunyu losadziwika bwino. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakuthandizani kuthana ndi vutoli. Mankhwala ena angatenge masiku angapo kapena maola angapo. Panthawiyi, werengani buku kapena chitani china chake chomwe chimakutonthozani. Kumbukirani, izi zimachitika kamodzi kokha kwa anthu ambiri, koma zitha kuchitikanso.

Mfundo zazifupi zoti muzikumbukire

• ADEM ndi kutupa kwadzidzidzi kwa ubongo ndi msana.
• Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika munthu akatenga kachilombo.
• Akuti izi zimachitika pamene chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikuukira molakwika dongosolo la mitsempha.
• Zizindikiro zimasiyana ndipo zimatha kuphatikizapo malungo, mutu , dzanzi, mavuto a maso, komanso kuyenda movutikira.
• Amapezeka makamaka kudzera mu MRI ndi kuyezetsa madzi a msana.
• Pali mankhwala monga ma steroids, IVIG, ndi kusinthana kwa plasma.
• Anthu ambiri amachira bwino, koma kuchira kwathunthu kungatenge miyezi ingapo.
• Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yopewera izi, ndikofunikira kudziteteza ku matenda.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena, musaiwale kulankhula ndi dokotala.