Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza kuyezetsa magazi kuti tidziwe ngati pali chiopsezo cha matenda a mitsempha ya mtima.

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mtima wanu uli ndi thanzi labwino bwanji? Nthawi zina titha kudwala matenda okhudzana ndi mtima popanda kuzindikira. Koma mwamwayi, pali mayeso a magazi omwe angathandize kuzindikira zinthu zoopsa izi msanga. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mayeso a magazi awa ndi momwe angakuthandizireni kudziwa chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima, makamaka matenda a mitsempha ya mtima (CAD). Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa izi mosavuta, ngati kuti mukulankhula ndi mnzanu.

N’chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira mayeso a magazi awa?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku?" Si aliyense amene amafunikira nthawi yomweyo. Koma pali zochitika zina pomwe dokotala angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe magazi awa. Onani ngati zifukwa izi zikukukhudzani:

• Makhalidwe Odyera: Nthawi zambiri mumadya zakudya zosapatsa thanzi zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri, shuga, ndi ufa.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu, makamaka amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena abale anu, adakhalapo ndi matenda a mitsempha ya mtima (CAD) asanakwanitse zaka 50 .
• Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri: Ngati thupi lanu lili ndi kulemera kwakukulu kuposa kwachibadwa.
• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Ngati thupi silikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira masana.
• Kusuta: Ngati mumasuta fodya kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya fodya (monga mtedza wa betel kapena tsamba la betel).
• Matenda ena: Ngati muli kale ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena ngati munadwalapo matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Ngati muli ndi vuto limodzi kapena angapo mwa awa, kungakhale bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala ndikuyesedwa magazi motere.

Ndani amayesa magazi awa?

Kawirikawiri, chitsanzo cha magazi chimatengedwa kuchokera kwa inu ndi munthu amene waphunzitsidwa izi. Timawatcha ``Phlebotomist'' kapena ``Phlebotomy technician''. Kenako chitsanzo cha magazichi chimatumizidwa ku labotale yachipatala. Pali ``Medical laboratory technician'' kumeneko. Iye amagwiritsa ntchito makina apadera kuyeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magazi anu ndikukonzekera lipoti.

Kodi mayeso a magazi amenewa amayesa chiyani kuti adziwe chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe mayeso a magazi awa akuyang'ana. Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.

Cholesterol ndi Zinthu Zina Zogwirizana Nazo

• Cholesterol Yonse (TC): Ichi ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse m'magazi mwanu. Chimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.
• Triglycerides (TG): Uwu ndi mtundu wa mafuta. Izi zimagwirizananso ndi matenda a mtima. Shuga wamba, chakudya chosavuta (monga buledi, mpunga), zakudya zamafuta, ndi mowa zomwe timadya zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa `(TG)`. Izi zitha kuchepetsedwa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi bwino.
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kuti "cholesterol yabwino." Ngati ili yochuluka m'magazi, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima chimachepetsa.
• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha "cholesterol yoyipa." Ngati ili yochuluka m'magazi, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima chimakula.
• Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)): Izi zimapangidwa pamene puloteni yotchedwa apo(a) yalumikizidwa ndi cholesterol ya LDL. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu m'magazi, pamakhala chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima, sitiroko, magazi kuundana, mafuta m'mitsempha yamagazi pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya mitsempha ya mtima, komanso mitsempha ya mtima kucheperanso pambuyo pa angioplasty. Izi zitha kuchitikanso m'mabanja. Chifukwa chake, ngati wina m'banjamo adakhala ndi matenda amtima ali wamng'ono, dokotala adzalangiza mayesowa.
• Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Iyi ndi puloteni yofunika kwambiri mu cholesterol. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ApoB ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha chiopsezo kuposa kuchuluka kwa LDL kokha. Kuchuluka kwa ApoB kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta LDL.

Zigawo zina zofunika za magazi ndi zizindikiro zake

• Kuwerengera Magazi Konse Kokhala ndi Kusiyana (CBC): Kuyeza kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet m'magazi anu. Kumatha kuzindikira matenda monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, komwe ndi kusowa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Iyi ndi amino acid. Kuchuluka kwa izi m'magazi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mitsempha ya mtima (CAD). Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayi.
• Kusala Shuga M'magazi / Kusala Shuga M'magazi: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'mawa mutasala usiku wonse. Zingathe kuzindikira matenda a shuga asanakwane komanso matenda a shuga, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Iyi ndi enzyme yomwe imapezeka m'minofu. Kuchuluka kwake kungakwere ngati mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol (monga ma statins).
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) kapena SGPT: Iyi ndi enzyme yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi. Kuchuluka kwake kungakwere mukamwa mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol.
• Aspartate Transaminase (AST) kapena SGOT: Iyi ndi enzyme ina m'chiwindi. Imathanso kukwera mukamwa mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol.
• Fibrinogen:Iyi ndi puloteni yomwe ili m'magazi mwanu. Imathandiza magazi kuundana. Koma ngati yakwera kwambiri, imawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.
• Hormone Yolimbikitsa Chithokomiro (TSH): Izi zimayesa momwe chithokomiro chanu chimagwira ntchito bwino. Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chithokomiro kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a mtima ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka.
• Mapuloteni a C-reactive omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya Ultra-sensitive (us-CRP) kapena High-sensitivity CRP: Izi zimasonyeza kutupa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Kuchuluka kwake, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi chimakwera.
• Chiŵerengero cha Albumin-Creatinine mu Mkodzo (uACR): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo. Ngakhale kuchuluka kochepa kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Kuyesaku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
• MPO (Myeloperoxidase): Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kutupa. Kuchuluka kwa izi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima, sitiroko, komanso kufunikira kwa opaleshoni ya mitsempha ya mtima. Kuchuluka kwa izi kungasonyezenso kukulirakulira kwa matenda a mtima.
• Vitamini D: Iyi ndi vitamini yosungunuka ndi mafuta. Imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium ndi phosphate m'thupi. Izi zimathandiza kuti mafupa akhale athanzi. Kusowa kwa Vitamini D kumakhudzana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana paumoyo. Komanso, ngati mukuvutika kupirira ma statins (mankhwala a cholesterol), kusowa kwa Vitamini D kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa chake.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Izi zimapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya m'matumbo mwanu. Zimapezeka zambiri mu nyama, mazira, ndi mkaka. Zakudya zowonjezera monga choline, lecithin, ndi L-carnitine zimathanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa TMAO. Kuchuluka kwa TMAO m'magazi kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi atherosclerosis.
• Amino-terminal, pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): Puloteni iyi imapangidwa mumtima mwanu. Imatulutsidwa m'magazi pamene mtima wanu uli ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuchuluka kwa puloteni iyi kumasonyeza chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima ndipo kungasonyezenso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mtima. Mayeso ena angachitike kuti mudziwe zambiri.
• Serum Creatinine (CR): Izi zimagwirizana ndi momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito. Ngati impso sizikugwira ntchito bwino, zimatha kuvutitsa mtima. Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa impso nthawi yayitali ndi vuto lomwe lingapangitse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima kukhala aakulu. Ndipo mtima ungakhudzenso impso.
• Chiwopsezo cha Matenda a Mtima a Atherosclerotic (ASCVD): Chiwopsezochi chikuwonetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi "atherosclerotic" (monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko) mkati mwa zaka 10 zikubwerazi.

Taganizirani izi motere, mayeso onsewa ali ngati ofufuza. Zimatengera chidziwitso chilichonse kuti chiphatikizidwe pamodzi chithunzi chonse. Mofananamo, madokotala amawona malipoti a mayesowa ndipo amafika pamlingo wokhudza thanzi la mtima wanu.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji musanayese magazi?

Musanatenge magazi anu, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu ngati mukufuna kusiya kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, mavitamini, kapena zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa. Mankhwala ena amatha kusokoneza zotsatira za mayeso a magazi. Koma musasiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala wanu.

Mayeso ena a magazi amafuna kuti musale kudya kwa maola angapo (nthawi zambiri maola 8-12) musanayesedwe. Choncho funsani dokotala wanu za izi musanayesedwe.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya mayeso?

Dokotala wa phlebotomist nthawi zambiri amaika singano mu mtsempha womwe uli pamwamba pa mkono wanu kapena mkati mwa chigongono chanu. Mungamve kupweteka pamene singano ikulowetsedwa mu mtsempha. Kutengedwa kwa magazi kumatenga mphindi imodzi.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani magazi akatengedwa?

Pambuyo poyesa magazi, dokotala wa phlebotomist amachotsa singano, kugwira malo omwe magaziwo anali, kuika pulasitala kapena thonje, ndikuyika chomangira.

Kodi zotsatira zake ndi ziti? Kodi zimandiuza chiyani?

Zotsatira zake zimasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili m'magazi mwanu. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu za zotsatira zanu ndikukuuzani choti muchite kenako.

Nazi zina mwazofunikira pa mayeso angapo ofunikira okhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima:

• Cholesterol Yonse (TC):
• Zaka 20 kapena kuchepera: Pakati pa 75 - 169 mg/dL.
• Zaka 21 kapena kuposerapo: Pakati pa 100 - 199 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides (TG): Zosakwana 150 mg/dL ndi zabwino. Ngati zili zopitirira 500 - 1000 mg/dL, pali chiopsezo cha kapamba. Mlingo uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
• Lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri (HDL - "cholesterol yabwino"): Izi zikakwera, zimakhala bwino.
• Amuna: oposa 45 mg/dL.
• Akazi: oposa 55 mg/dL.
• Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri (LDL - "cholesterol yoyipa"): Akatsika, amakhala bwino. Mlingo womwe ukuyembekezeka umasiyana malinga ndi thanzi lanu:
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a mitsempha yamagazi, matenda a shuga, kapena muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima: Zosakwana 70 mg/dL.
• Ngati muli ndi `(Metabolic Syndrome)` kapena zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakubweretsereni matenda a mtima: Zosakwana 100 mg/dL.
• Ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda a mitsempha ya mtima: Osakwana 130 mg/dL.
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC):
• Chiwerengero cha maselo oyera m'magazi: 5,000 - 10,000 (pa microliter iliyonse).
• Hematocrit (kuchuluka kwa magazi opangidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi): Amuna 40% - 55%; Akazi 36% - 48%.
• Hemoglobin (gawo la maselo ofiira a magazi lomwe limanyamula mpweya): Amuna 14 - 18 gm/dL; Akazi 12 - 16 gm/dL.
• Lipoprotein (A) (Lp(a)): Zosakwana 30 mg/dL ndi zabwino.
• Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Zosakwana 100 mg/dL ndi zabwino.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Zosakwana 15 mcmol/L ndi zabwino.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):
• Mulingo wathanzi: 6% kapena kuchepera.
• Matenda a shuga asanakwane: 5.7% - 6.4%.
• Matenda a shuga: 6.5% kapena kupitirira apo.
• Cholinga cha munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga: 6.5% - zosakwana 7%.
• Kusala Kudya kwa Shuga wa M'magazi: Kusakwana 100 mg/dL ndikwabwino.
• Matenda a shuga asanakwane: 100 - 125 mg/dL.
• Matenda a shuga: 126 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo kawiri.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Pakati pa 30 - 220 U/L.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT): Nthawi yabwinobwino 5 - 45 U/L.
• Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT): Mulingo wabwinobwino ndi 7 - 40 U/L.
• Fibrinogen: Nthawi yabwinobwino 200 - 400 mg/dL.
• Hormone Yolimbikitsa Chithokomiro (TSH): Mlingo woyenera ndi 0.4 - 5.5 mIU/mL. (Izi zitha kusiyana ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha chithokomiro.)
• Puloteni ya C-reactive yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ultra-sensitive (us-CRP):
• Chiwopsezo chochepa: chochepera 2.0 mg/L.
• Chiwopsezo chapakati: 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L.
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu: choposa 3.0 mg/L.
• Chiŵerengero cha albumin-creatinine mkodzo (uACR): Zosakwana 30 mg/g ndi zabwino.
• MPO: Zosakwana 420 pmol/L ndi zabwino.
• Vitamini D: Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi 31 - 80 ng/ml.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO):
• Chiwopsezo chochepa: chochepera 6.2 um.
• Chiwopsezo chapakati: 6.2 - 9.9 um.
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu: 10 um kapena kuposerapo.

(Ngati milingo ya TMAO ili yokwera, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuchepetsa LDL ndikuwongolera zinthu zina zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo. Angakulangizeninso kumwa aspirin yochepa kawiri patsiku ndikutsatira zakudya za ku Mediterranean.)

• NT-proBNP: Zosakwana 125 pg/mL ndi zabwino.
• Serum Creatinine (CR):
• Akazi: 0.58 - 0.96 mg/dL.
• Amuna: 0.73 - 1.22 mg/dL.
• Chiwerengero cha chiopsezo cha ASCVD:
• Chiwopsezo chochepa: <5%
• Chiwopsezo cha malire: 5-7.4%
• Chiwopsezo chapakati: 7.5-<20%
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu: >20%

Chofunika: Izi ndi ziwerengero zapakati chabe. Zotsatira zanu ziyenera kuyerekezeredwa ndi zinthu zina zambiri, monga zaka zanu, jenda, ndi matenda ena. Chifukwa chake , ndikofunikira kukambirana zotsatirazi ndi dokotala wanu.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mudziwe zotsatira zake?

Zotsatira za magazi nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku angapo kapena kuposerapo kuti zibwererenso. Funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomwe zingatenge kuti mupeze zotsatira zanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kuwonananso ndi dokotala?

Ngati simunalandire zotsatira za mayeso anu patatha milungu iwiri, imbani dokotala wanu. Mukalandira zotsatira, dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu zomwe mungachite kenako.

Kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti kuyezetsa magazi kungakupatseni lingaliro labwino la chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima, iwo okha sangakuuzeni motsimikiza kuti muli ndi matendawa. Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwanu kukuwonetsa kuti chiopsezo chanu ndi chachikulu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwenso. Musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe muli nazo panthawi yonseyi.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Mwachidule, mayeso a magazi awa ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira matenda a mtima msanga. Kutengera ndi zomwe amapereka, mutha kusintha moyo wanu, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Kenako, mumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wodziteteza ku matenda oopsa a mtima.

Kumbukirani:

• Ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima (zomwe takambirana kale), yesani mayesowa potsatira upangiri wa dokotala.
• Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala za zotsatira zake.
• Musadandaule ngati zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti chiopsezocho chili chachikulu. Zimangotanthauza kuti muyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu pang'ono.
• Mungathe kusunga mtima wanu wathanzi mwa kutsatira zakudya zabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse , komanso kupewa kusuta fodya .

Monga momwe mtima wanu ulili wamtengo wapatali kwa inu, ndikofunikiranso kudziwa za thanzi la mtima wanu!

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