Tiyeni tingophunzira za ma electrolyte, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi!

Kodi munamvapo kale mawu oti 'electrolytes'? Mwina munamvapo mawuwa mukamatuluka thukuta mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena munthu wina akadwala komanso akusowa madzi m'thupi. Kodi ma electrolytes amenewa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? N’chifukwa chiyani matupi athu amawafuna? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule.

Kodi ma electrolyte ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Taganizirani izi, ma electrolyte ndi zinthu zazing'ono zomwe, zikasungunuka m'madzi, zimapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono (kapena china chake ngati mphamvu yaying'ono). Zina mwa zinthuzi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (+), ndipo zina zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (-). Matupi athu, pankhani ya munthu wamkulu, amakhala pafupifupi 60% ya madzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti selo lililonse m'thupi, pafupifupi madzi onse, lili ndi ma electrolyte awa. Izi ndi zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi lathu lizigwira ntchito bwino, kusunga madzi mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo kukhala bwino, komanso kuchita zinthu zina zambiri.

Timapeza ma electrolyte awa kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya ndi kumwa. Impso zathu zimatulutsa ma electrolyte ochulukirapo kudzera mu mkodzo. Ma electrolyte nawonso amatayika m'thupi lathu tikatuluka thukuta.

N'zosavuta ngati mukukumbukiranso mawu awa!

Pali mawu ochepa omwe timamva nthawi zambiri tikamalankhula za ma electrolyte awa. Ngati muwamvetsa mosavuta, mutha kumvetsetsa mosavuta ngakhale zomwe dokotala akunena.

• Hyper- : Mawu awa akamadza patsogolo pake, amatanthauza kuti pali chinthu chochuluka kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali sodium wochuluka, amatchedwa `Hypernatremia`.
• Hypo- : Mawu awa akayamba, amatanthauza kuti pali kusowa kwa chinthu china. Mwachitsanzo, sodium yochepa imatchedwa `Hyponatremia`.
• Ioni : Izi zikutanthauza atomu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Ili ngati batire yaying'ono.
• Ma Cations : Awa ndi ma ayoni omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (+).
• Anions : Awa ndi ma ayoni omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoipa (-).
• pH (pH) : Izi zimayesa ngati madzi ali ndi asidi (monga asidi), basic (monga sopo), kapena neutral (monga madzi). `pH` yabwinobwino ya magazi athu iyenera kukhala pakati pa 7.36 ndi 7.44.
• Asidi : Ngati pH ili yochepera 7.
• Neutral : Ngati mtengo wa `pH` uli ndendende 7.
• Basic/Alkaline : Ngati mtengo wa `pH` ndi woposa 7. Basic imatchedwanso "alkaline".

Kodi ma electrolyte amachita chiyani kwenikweni ku matupi athu?

Maselo m'thupi lanu amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte awa pothana ndi ma charge amagetsi. Ma charge amagetsi awa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti minofu yanu ikomane ndikutambasuka. Taganizirani izi, mukasuntha mkono wanu, mukatseka maso anu, mtima wanu ukamagunda - ma electrolyte awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zonsezi.

Si zokhazo, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zimenezi zimathandizanso pa zochitika za mankhwala. Makamaka, ma electrolyte ndi ofunikira kuti thupi lizitha kuyamwa madzi (hydration) ndikusunga bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge madzi amchere. Magetsi amayenda m'madzi amchere, sichoncho? Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti mchere umapangidwa ndi sodium (yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yabwino) ndi chlorine (yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yoipa). Zikaphatikizidwa ziwirizi, mphamvu zimafanana. Koma mchere ukasungunuka m'madzi, maatomu a sodium ndi chlorine amapatukana ndikukhala ma ayoni okhala ndi mphamvu zabwino ndi zoyipa kachiwiri. Kenako magetsi amayenda pakati pa ma ayoni a sodium ndi chlorine awa, osati pakati pa mamolekyu amadzi.

Zomwezo zimachitikanso mkati mwa matupi athu. Ma electrolyte amathandiza kusuntha mankhwala kulowa ndi kutuluka m'maselo athu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ma electrolyte ali ngati ngwazi zazing'ono zomwe zimasunga matupi athu bwino.

Kodi ma electrolyte ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu ndi ati?

Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndizofunikira kuti thupi lathu likhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira zoyezera ma electrolyte. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zinthu zofunikazi ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati zitakwera kwambiri (Hyper-) kapena zochepa kwambiri (Hypo-) m'thupi.

Sodium (+)

Sodium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimathandiza kusunga madzi okwanira mkati mwa maselo. Chimathandizanso maselo kuyamwa michere. Sodium ndi ayoni wochuluka kwambiri m'thupi lathu.

• Hypernatremia : Izi zingayambitse chisokonezo, kusintha kwa khalidwe, kulephera kulamulira minofu, kukomoka , komanso ngakhale kukomoka.
• Kusowa kwa sodium (Hyponatremia) : Izi zingayambitsenso kusokonezeka, kukwiya, kufooka kwa minofu, nseru, kusanza, kugwidwa ndi khunyu , komanso ngakhale chikomokere.

Magnesium (+)

Magnesium imathandiza maselo kusintha zakudya kukhala mphamvu. Magnesium ndi yofunika kuti ubongo ndi minofu yanu zigwire ntchito bwino.

• Hypermagnesemia : Kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka mtima (Arrhythmias), kufooka kwa minofu, kuvutika kupuma, ndi kuima kwa mtima kungachitike.
• Kusowa kwa Magnesium (Hypomagnesemia) : Kufooka kwa minofu, kupweteka m'mimba, kulephera kudziletsa, komanso kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (arrhythmias) kumatha kuchitika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika limodzi ndi kusowa kwa calcium ndi potaziyamu.

Potaziyamu (+)

Maselo amagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu pamodzi ndi sodium. Sodium ion ikalowa mu selo, potaziyamu ion imachoka. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira. Potaziyamu ndi yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima wanu. Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwake kungayambitse mavuto aakulu a mtima.

• Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu (Hyperkalemia): Thupi lopanda moyo, kulephera kusuntha minofu, kutaya chidziwitso, komanso kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (arrhythmias) kungachitike.
• Kuchepa kwa potaziyamu (Hypokalemia) : Zizindikiro zake ndi kufooka kwa minofu, kupweteka kwa msana, kukodza pafupipafupi, chizungulire mukamayimirira, komanso kukomoka. Ngati izi zakwera kwambiri, minofu imatha kuyamba kusweka (vuto lotchedwa rhabdomyolysis, lomwe lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso) komanso kusokonezeka kwa mtima (arrhythmias).

Kalisiyamu (+)

Tikamaganizira za calcium, timaiona ngati chinthu chomwe chimalimbitsa mano ndi mafupa. Ndi zoona. Koma calcium imafunika pazinthu zambiri kuposa zimenezo. Calcium ndi yofunikanso pazinthu monga kulamulira minofu, kutumiza mauthenga kudzera m'mitsempha, komanso kulamulira kugunda kwa mtima. Kaya calcium m'magazi ndi yokwera kapena yotsika, ingayambitse zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'thupi.

Kuchuluka kwa calcium (Hypercalcemia)

• Ubongo : Mutu, kutopa, kusowa chidwi, kusokonezeka.
• Chimbudzi : kudzimbidwa, kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza.
• Impso : Kukodza pafupipafupi, miyala mu impso, kulephera kwa impso.
• Mtima : Kusakhazikika kwa kayimbidwe ka mtima (Arrhythmias) (zina zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri).
• Matenda a minofu ndi mafupa: Kupweteka m'mafupa ndi m'malo olumikizirana mafupa.

Kalisiamu yochepa (Hypocalcemia)

• Ubongo : Kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, kusintha kwa khalidwe.
• Minofu : Minofu yolimba, kulephera kudziletsa, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, kuvutika kulankhula ndi kupuma chifukwa cha kulimba kwa minofu ya pakhosi.

Chloride (-)

Chloride (dzina loperekedwa ku chlorine ion) ndi ion yachiwiri yochuluka kwambiri m'thupi. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuti madzi azikhala bwino mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo. Imathandizanso kuti thupi likhale ndi pH yachilengedwe.

• Hyperchloremia : Izi zingayambitse vuto lotchedwa acidosis (kuchuluka kwa asidi m'magazi). Izi zingayambitse nseru, kusanza, kutopa, kupuma mofulumira, ndi kusokonezeka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa potaziyamu.
• Ngati pali potaziyamu wambiri m'thupi: Mavuto aakulu a impso kapena kulephera kwa impso kungachitike.
• Kusowa kwa potaziyamu kungagwirizane ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kutuluka kwa madzi a kapamba, ndi matenda ena akuluakulu a mkodzo.
• Hypochloremia : Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi akhale amchere kwambiri (alkalosis). Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi hyponatremia kapena kusanza. Zizindikiro zake zitha kukhala kusalabadira, kusokonezeka, kusakhazikika kwa mitsempha, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, kapena kulephera kudziletsa.

Phosphate (-)

Phosphate ndi molekyu yokhala ndi phosphorous. Ndi yofunika kwambiri ponyamula mankhwala ndi mamolekyu kuchokera m'maselo. Imathandiza maselo kugwiritsa ntchito michere m'thupi. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mamolekyu otchedwa nucleotides omwe amapanga DNA yathu.

• Hyperphosphatemia : Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi hypocalcemia, pamene thupi likuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito calcium m'malo mwa phosphorous. Zizindikiro sizingawonekere mpaka zitakula kwambiri. Zizindikiro za kusowa kwa calcium zingachitikenso ndi izi. Kukanda kwambiri kungagwirizanenso ndi izi.
• Hypophosphatemia : Chizindikiro choyamba cha izi ndi kufooka kwa minofu. Pamene vutoli likuipiraipira, zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri monga rhabdomyolysis (kusweka kwa minofu, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso), khunyu , kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mtima, komanso kupuma movutikira (chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu) zimatha kuchitika.

Bicarbonate (-)

Si mpweya wonse wa carbon dioxide womwe matupi athu amapanga womwe umapita ku mapapo ndi kutuluka mpweya. Ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga bicarbonate. Bicarbonate iyi ndi yomwe imathandiza kusunga pH ya magazi athu.

• Acidosis : Ngati kuchuluka kwa bicarbonate kumachepa, magazi amakhala ndi asidi. Izi zingayambitse kutopa, nseru, kusanza, kupuma mofulumira, kupuma mozama, komanso kusokonezeka.
• Alkalosis : Ngati kuchuluka kwa bicarbonate kumawonjezeka, magazi amakhala amchere. Izi zingayambitse chisokonezo, kusasangalala, kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (arrhythmias), komanso kupweteka kwa minofu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amathandiza kuzindikira mavuto a electrolyte?

Pali mayeso osiyanasiyana a labotale omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte. Mayeso oyamba omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi mayeso wamba, monga gulu la kagayidwe kachakudya. Ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino, dokotala wanu angafune mayeso apadera kwambiri. Mayesowa ndi ofunikira chifukwa angathandize kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera.

Mayeso okulirapo

Izi ndi mayeso a magazi:

• Gawo Loyambira la Kagayidwe ka Thupi (BMP) : Izi zimayang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana m'thupi.
• BUN (Blood Urea Nayitrogeni). Izi zingapereke chithunzi cha momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi madzi m'thupi.
• Kulinganiza kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte monga sodium, potaziyamu, carbon dioxide, ndi chloride.
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati kuchitidwa mukusala kudya, kungasonyeze matenda a shuga kapena matenda a shuga asanakwane.
• Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) : Izi zikufanana ndi `BMP`, koma deta yambiri ikusonkhanitsidwa.
• Mlingo wa calcium.
• Kuchuluka kwa albumin (puloteni yopangidwa ndi chiwindi).
• Mapuloteni onse m'magazi.
• Bilirubin (mankhwala omwe amapangidwa m'chiwindi).
• Kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme otchedwa aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ndi alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (izi zimagwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi).
• Electrolyte Panel : Izi zikufanana ndi `Metabolic Panels` zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, koma izi zimangoyang'ana ma electrolyte okha. Zimasanthula sodium, chloride, potaziyamu, ndi bicarbonate.

Mayeso ena enieni

Mayeso ena enieni okhudza mavuto a electrolyte:

• Kuyezetsa magazi a Aldosterone: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayesa mahomoni apadera opangidwa ndi impso.
• Kuyesa magazi kwa Anion gap: Kuyerekeza milingo ya ma electrolyte omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso zoyipa.
• Kuyesa kwa Hormone ya Antidiuretic (magazi) / Kuyesa kwa ADH: Hormone iyi imayesedwa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa carbon dioxide: Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'magazi.
• Kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo padera kwa ma electrolyte osiyanasiyana (chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium).
• Kuyesa kwa magazi osmolality: Izi zimachitika ngati mukukayikira kuti madzi m'thupi akusowa madzi m'thupi, kumwa madzi ambiri m'thupi, kapena kudwala matenda a impso.
• Kuyesa kwa osmolality ya mkodzo: Kumayesa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi.
• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo: Izi zimayesa momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi lipoti la mayeso lomwe ndidzalandira lidzakhala lotani?

Malipoti ambiri a labu amakhala ndi "reference range" ndi zotsatira zanu. Izi zili ndi malire apamwamba ndi otsika. Ngati zotsatira zanu zili pakati pa malire awiriwa, zimaonedwa kuti ndi zotsatira "zabwinobwino".

Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa potengera "kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwacho chomwe chili mu chitsanzo."

• Mamilimoli (mmol/L) : Ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
• Ma Milliequivalents (mEq/L) : Izi nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
• Ma milligram pa decilita (mg/dL) : Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mamolekyulu ena akuluakulu.

Ngakhale kuti mayunitsi oyezera awa angawoneke ovuta pang'ono, dokotala wanu adzawamvetsa bwino. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati zotsatira zanu zili mkati mwa mulingo woyenera kapena kunja kwake.

Kodi milingo ya electrolyte ndi yotani?

Electrolyte iliyonse imakhala ndi magazi ndi mkodzo wofanana. Magawo amenewa amatha kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku labu kupita ku labu. Amathanso kusiyana malinga ndi zaka zanu komanso thanzi lanu. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe bwino zotsatira zanu.

Kodi zonse zili bwino ngati zotsatira zabwinobwino zabweranso? ​​Kodi zotsatira zachilendo nthawi zonse zimakhala vuto?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Si aliyense amene ali wofanana. Nthawi zina zotsatira zanu zingakhale zosiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zili bwino, koma simungakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Nthawi zina, ngakhale zotsatira zake zili bwino, zizindikiro zanu ndi mayeso ena zingasonyeze kuti muli ndi vuto la thanzi.

Taganizirani za munthu wina mu sekisi akuzungulira mbale pamtengo. Ngati mbaleyo itsamira kwambiri kumbali imodzi, idzagwa. Kulinganiza bwino n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte anu ndi zotsatira za mayeso zimadalira mtundu umenewo wa kulinganiza. Matupi athu nthawi zonse amayesetsa kusunga kulinganiza kumeneku momwe angathere. Nthawi zina, thupi lingathandize dongosolo lina pothandiza lina, ndipo vuto likhoza kubisika kuti lisawonekere pamwamba. Dokotala adzachita mayeso angapo kuti aone ngati thupi likubisa vuto lina ndikupanga lina.

Kodi ndidzadziwa liti zotsatira za mayeso?

Dokotala wanu kapena antchito ake angakuuzeni nthawi yomwe zingatenge kuti mupeze zotsatira za mayeso anu. Mayeso ena amapereka zotsatira mwachangu, pomwe ena angatenge masiku angapo.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyimbira dokotala wanga liti?

• Ngati simukumvetsa zotsatira za mayeso anu.
• Ngati zotsatira zake zili kunja kwa muyezo woyenera, muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudza izo.
• Ngati mukukumana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte m'thupi lanu.

Mu mkhalidwe ngati uwu , ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala popanda kuwononga nthawi.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Ma electrolyte ndi ofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa matupi athu. Amakhudza chilichonse kuyambira momwe timayamwa madzi mpaka momwe mtima wathu umagunda. Mayeso a electrolyte amathandizanso madokotala kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mavuto azaumoyo.

Choncho, kudziwa za ma electrolyte ndi mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha izi kudzakuthandizani kudzisamalira nokha ndikupewa mavuto azaumoyo mtsogolo. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte anu ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mwamva? Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Ma electrolyte, sodium, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, madzi amthupi, mphamvu yamagetsi