Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti pakamwa panu nthawi zonse pamakhala pouma, maso anu sakuoneka bwino, kapena m'mimba mwanu nthawi zonse pamakhala pouma chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake omwe mumamwa? Mungaganize kuti ichi ndi chinthu china chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha matenda anu. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala chakuti mosadziwa mukumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoletsa cholinergic. Musadandaule, izi ndizofala kwambiri. Lero, tikambirana izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi mankhwala oletsa cholinergic awa ndi otani kwenikweni?
Dzinali lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yosavuta. Thupi lathu la mitsempha ndi lolumikizana modabwitsa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chomwe chimalamulira chilichonse kuyambira malingaliro athu, mayendedwe, kupuma, ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Pali "amithenga" mu dongosolo la mitsempha ili onyamula mauthenga. Monga anthu otumiza makalata ku positi ofesi. Timawatcha amithenga awa `(Neurotransmitters)`.
Mtumiki wina wofunika kwambiri ndi acetylcholine .
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone ntchito yaikulu ya 'Acetylcholine' iyi. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha.
1. Dongosolo lachifundo: Ili ndi dongosolo lathu la "nkhondo kapena kuthawa". Mwachidule, dongosololi limatikonzekeretsa kukumana ndi ngozi, mantha, kapena chiwopsezo. Lili ngati cholimbikitsira galimoto. Chikayamba kugwira ntchito, mtima wathu umagunda mofulumira, maso athu amatambasuka, ndipo timatuluka thukuta.
2. Parasympathetic system: Iyi ndi njira yathu yopumulira ndi kugaya chakudya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira imeneyi imathandiza thupi kukhala bata, kugaya chakudya, komanso kupumula. Ili ngati mabuleki a galimoto. Mtumiki wathu wotchedwa `Acetylcholine` amagwira ntchito makamaka mu njira iyi.
Chabwino, tsopano mwamvetsa mbiri ya nkhaniyi, sichoncho? Mankhwala oletsa choledzeretsa amagwira ntchito posokoneza ntchito ya mthenga wotchedwa `Acetylcholine`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mthengayo akapita kumalo komwe akufunika kupereka uthenga wake, malo amenewo (receptor) amatsekedwa. Kenako ntchito ya dongosolo "lotonthoza" (Parasympathetic) imachepa pang'ono.
Mwachidule, mankhwala oletsa cholinergic amaletsa kwakanthawi ntchito ya mthenga yemwe amalamulira njira zopumulira komanso zotonthoza m'thupi lathu.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda amtundu wanji?
Pali mankhwala opitilira 600 omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoletsa cholinergic. Mankhwala ena amapangidwira kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zoletsa cholinergic izi pochiza matenda. Mankhwala ena ali ndi mphamvu izi ngati zotsatirapo zake.
Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu, tiyeni tiwone mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu ya anticholinergic iyi pochiza matenda.
| Dzina la mankhwala (chitsanzo) | Kugwiritsa ntchito milandu ndi kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Atropine | Uwu ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza bradycardia pamene kugunda kwa mtima kuli pang'onopang'ono, komanso ngati mankhwala ophera poizoni wochokera ku mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo. Ngati mwamwa poizoni, dokotala wanu adzalumikizana ndi National Poisons Information Center ku National Hospital kuti akalandire malangizo ena. |
| Ipratropium / Tiotropium | Mankhwalawa amapezeka mu mankhwala opumira omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opuma monga mphumu ndi COPD. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kukulitsa njira zopumira komanso kupangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta. |
| Oxybutynin / Solifenacin | Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pochiza vuto la kusadziletsa, vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti mukodze pafupipafupi komanso kuvutika kulamulira kayendedwe ka mkodzo wanu. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kupindika kwa minofu ya chikhodzodzo. |
| Scopolamine | Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kusanza ndi nseru zomwe zimachitika chifukwa choyenda m'mabasi ndi sitima (kudwala ndi kuyenda). Nthawi zina zimabwera ngati chigamba. |
| Benztropine / Trihexyphenidyl | Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro monga kunjenjemera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a Parkinson. |
| Diphenhydramine | Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ziwengo (monga piritan) ali ndi izi. Mphamvu iyi ya anticholinergic ndiyo chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakupangitsani kumva tulo komanso kukhala ndi pakamwa pouma mukamwa izi. |
Mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu imeneyi ngati zotsatira zoyipa
Pali mankhwala ena omwe, ngakhale kuti ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi ina, ali ndi mphamvu yoletsa cholinergic ngati zotsatira zake.
- Mankhwala ena akale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda monga kuvutika maganizo (Tricyclic antidepressants). Mankhwala ena ('Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala') amaperekedwa pa matenda aakulu amisala monga schizophrenia .
- Mankhwala ambiri a ziwengo ('Antihistamines').
Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala oletsa cholinergic ndi ziti?
Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa chifukwa chake mankhwala awa amayambitsa kuuma pakamwa komanso kusawona bwino. Tikachepetsa ntchito ya dongosolo "lotonthoza", zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo limenelo zimakhudzidwa.
Pali mwambi wa Chingerezi womwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira zotsatirapo zake. "Wotentha ngati kalulu, wakhungu ngati mleme, wouma ngati fupa, wofiira ngati beet, wamisala ngati chipewa". Izi zikutanthauza "Wotentha ngati kalulu, wakhungu ngati mleme, wouma ngati fupa, wofiira ngati beetroot, wamisala ngati chipewa" . Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukumbukira zotsatirapo zake zazikulu.
Tiyeni tiwone mosavuta zotsatirapo izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Zotsatira Zam'mbali | Mwachidule, chimachitika n’chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Pakamwa ndi maso ouma | Dongosolo "lodekha" limalimbikitsa kupanga malovu ndi misozi. Ngati silikugwira ntchito mokwanira, malovu ndi misozi sizimapangidwanso mokwanira. |
| Maso osawoneka bwino | Minofu yomwe imasintha kukula kwa mwana wakhanda imakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwona zinthu pafupi. Mwana wakhanda amakula (ana akhanda otambasuka). |
| Kuvuta kukodza (Kusunga mkodzo) | Pamene minofu ya chikhodzodzo ikuyamba kusinthasintha, zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa madzi onse m'chikhodzodzo. |
| Kudzimbidwa | Kuyenda kwa m'mimba komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugaya chakudya kumachepa. |
| Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia) | Kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka kuposa momwe zimakhalira chifukwa "brake" yomwe imalamulira kugunda kwa mtima imafooka. |
| Kusokonezeka / Kusintha kwa maganizo | Acetylcholine ndi yofunika kwambiri pa kukumbukira ndi kuganiza muubongo. Ikasokonekera, makamaka kwa okalamba, ingayambitse chisokonezo. |
| Khungu lotentha kwambiri komanso losalala | Kutuluka thukuta ndi njira yothandiza thupi kulamulira kutentha. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa thukuta, zomwe zingawonjezere kutentha kwa thupi. |
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yanji?
Ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa cholinergic, ubwino womwa mankhwalawa ndi waukulu kuposa zotsatirapo zake. Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
- Ngati matenda anu sakumveka bwino ndi mankhwala.
- Ngati mukuvutika kumwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera (monga ngati mukuvutika chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake).
- Ngati zotsatirapo za mankhwalawo zili zazikulu mokwanira kuti zisokoneze zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku (kupita kuntchito, kuyendetsa galimoto, kuphunzira).
Tangoganizirani, muli ndi mphumu, ndipo chopumira chomwe mwapatsidwa chimapangitsa kuti kupuma kwanu kukhale kosavuta, koma pakamwa panu pamakhala kouma kwambiri. Kapena mukuvutika kulamulira mkodzo wanu ndipo mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa amapangitsa kuti maso anu asaoneke bwino. Pankhaniyi, mukalankhula ndi dokotala wanu, iye akhoza kusintha mlingo wa mankhwalawo kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena omwe amapereka zotsatira zomwezo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati muli ndi vuto, musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo nokha. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo tsatirani malangizo awo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa cholinergic amagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya mankhwala otumiza mankhwala (Acetylcholine) omwe amagwira ntchito mu dongosolo la "kutonthoza" thupi lathu.
- Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda angapo, monga mphumu, matenda a Parkinson, komanso kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo.
- Mankhwala ena a ziwengo ndi kuvutika maganizo alinso ndi mphamvu yoletsa cholinergic ngati zotsatirapo zake.
- Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi monga pakamwa pouma, kusawona bwino, kusokonezeka m'mimba, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, komanso kusokonezeka maganizo.
- Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi zotsatirapo za mankhwala omwe mukumwa, musaope kulankhula za mankhwalawo kapena kupanga zisankho nokha, koma lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
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