Tiyeni tiphunzire za asilikali ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lanu - ma granulocyte.

Tonsefe timayesetsa kupewa matenda, sichoncho? Nthawi zina ngakhale chimfine chingatidwalitse. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwa matupi athu, muli chitetezo chodabwitsa kwambiri cholimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda otere. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chimenecho ndi ma granulocyte omwe tikambirane lero. Anthu awa amagwira ntchito mkati mwa matupi athu ngati asilikali omwe amateteza dziko lathu. Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone omwe ma granulocyte awa ndi ndani, zomwe amachita, ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati achepa kwambiri kapena ochuluka kwambiri. Chilichonse ndi chosavuta.

Kodi mukudziwa zomwe granulocytes ndi?

Mwachidule, granulocyte ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a magazi. Inde, mwamvapo kuti pali maselo ofiira a magazi ndi maselo oyera a magazi m'magazi. Pakati pa maselo oyera a magazi, mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi granulocyte.

Dzina lawo linachokera m'maselo awo, mu cytoplasm (madzi okhuthala omwe ali mkati mwa selo), muli tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga mbewu totchedwa granules. M'kati mwa granules izi muli mankhwala osiyanasiyana, monga ma enzymes . Izi zili ngati zida zawo.

Tangoganizirani, pamene chinthu monga kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya alowa m'thupi mwanu, kapena pamene pali kutupa chifukwa cha kuvulala, ma granulocyte amenewa amathamangira pamalopo ngati ambulansi yokhala ndi siren. Amabwera ndikutulutsa mankhwala omwe ali mkati mwa maselo awo kuti amenyane ndi matendawa.

Choncho, njira yokhayo yodziwira bwino kuchuluka kwa granulocyte yanu ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi CBC (Complete Blood Count), yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa.

• Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte anu kuli kokwera , kungatanthauze kuti muli ndi matenda enaake m'thupi lanu.
• Komanso, ngati kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte kuli kochepa , kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda a m'mafupa , monga khansa ya m'magazi kapena aplastic anemia . Koma musadandaule, sikuti kuchepa kulikonse kuli koopsa.

Ma granulocyte amenewa amatchedwanso `granular leukocytes`, `polymorphonuclear leukocytes` kapena `PMN cells`. Koma tiyeni tingowatcha `granulocytes`.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muli ndi ma granulocyte osakhwima?

Kawirikawiri, maselo a granulocyte amenewa amalowa m'magazi pokhapokha atakhwima mokwanira m'mafupa athu, kutanthauza kuti, atakhwima. Monga momwe ana kusukulu amaphunzirira bwino ndikupambana mayeso, amatuluka.

Komabe, nthawi zina ma granulocyte osakhwima awa, kutanthauza maselo omwe sanakhwime mokwanira, amapezeka m'magazi. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe izi zingachitikire:

• Chimodzi ndi chakuti pakhoza kukhala vuto linalake ndi mafuta a m'mafupa.
• Kapena, mwina thupi likuyamba kuyankha matenda mwamsanga, monga kutumiza asilikali atsopano kunkhondo mwachangu.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amadandaula pang'ono ngati muli ndi maselo oyera opitilira 2% omwe ali ndi ma granulocyte osakhwima.

Koma kumbukiraninso izi:

• Amayi oyembekezera ndi makanda obadwa kumene mwachibadwa amakhala ndi ma granulocyte osakhwima m'magazi awo. Izi ndi zachilendo, chizindikiro chakuti mafuta a m'mafupa akugwira ntchito bwino. Choncho palibe chodetsa nkhawa.

Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya ma granulocyte ndi yotani?

Ma granulocyte sagwira ntchito okha. Amagwirira ntchito limodzi ngati gulu kuti atiteteze ku zinthu monga matenda, majeremusi, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo zomwe zimalowa m'thupi lathu.

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu inayi ya ma granulocyte. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mankhwala ndi ma enzyme osiyana pang'ono mkati mwa ma granule amenewo, motero ntchito zawo zimasiyana pang'ono.

1. Ma Neutrophils

• Uwu ndi mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa granulocyte, monga gulu lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo.
• Mdani wawo wamkulu ndi mabakiteriya . Selo limodzi la neutrophil limatha kudya ndikuwononga mabakiteriya pafupifupi 20 m'moyo wake wonse!
• Ma neutrophils amapanga pakati pa 40% ndi 60% ya ma granulocyte onse m'thupi lathu, zomwe zikutanthauza pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a maselo oyera amagazi.

2. Ma eosinophils

• Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zimapezeka pafupifupi m'machitidwe onse a chitetezo chamthupi .
• Ntchito yawo imakhala yochuluka makamaka ngati ali ndi ziwengo .
• Komanso, ndi ma eosinophils amenewa omwe amalimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , kutanthauza kuti, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda monga mphutsi.

3. Ma Basophil

• Anthuwa makamaka amalimbana ndi ziwengo .
• Amatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa histamine , omwe amathandiza thupi kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo (ganizirani za kuyetsemula ndi mphuno yotuluka madzi).
• Komanso imatulutsa heparin , yomwe imaletsa magazi kuundana.

4. Maselo a m'mimba

• Maselo a mast ndi mtundu wa granulocyte. Koma samayenda m'magazi monga ena. Amakhala mkati mwa minofu yathu.
• Monga ma basophils, amatulutsanso histamine ndi heparin.
• Ma basophil ndi maselo a mast amafanana m'mawonekedwe. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti ma basophil amakhala ndi moyo waufupi ndipo amathamangira kumalo otupa akangoyamba kumene.

Kodi ma granulocyte ali kuti?

Asilikali ang'onoang'ono awa, otchedwa granulocytes, amapangidwa m'thupi lathu.Mkati mwa mafupa . Monga msasa wa boot. Kenako, thupi likafuna thandizo lawo, amalumikizana ndi magazi ndikupita kumalo oyenera.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa granulocytes kuyenera kukhala kotani?

Kawirikawiri, munthu wathanzi ayenera kukhala ndi ma granulocyte pakati pa 1,500 ndi 8,500 pa microliter (dontho laling'ono kwambiri la magazi). Lipoti lanu la magazi mwina lidzawonetsa izi ngati `1.5 - 8.5 x 10^9/L`. Mitengo iyi imatha kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku labu kupita ku labu.

Ngati titenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma granulocyte omwe tidakambirana kale ngati peresenti, izi ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhala:

• Ma Neutrophils: Pakati pa 50% ndi 70% ya maselo oyera onse a m'magazi.
• Ma Eosinophils: Pakati pa 1% ndi 3%.
• Ma Basophils: Pakati pa 0.4% ndi 1%.

Kodi matenda omwe amakhudza ma granulocytes ndi ati?

Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma granulocytes. Tiyeni tiwone ochepa mwa iwo:

• Basophilia: Ichi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma basophil. Izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda, matenda odziteteza okha (matenda omwe maselo a thupi amadziukira okha), kapena vuto monga khansa ya m'magazi.
• Kuchuluka kwa ma neutropenia m'thupi: Apa ndi pamene kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils kumachepa kenako n’kubwerera m’malo abwinobwino. Izi zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Matendawa amawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda.
• Eosinophilia: Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa eosinophils. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'mikhalidwe monga mphumu ndi ziwengo za nyengo . Zingakhalenso chizindikiro cha matenda opatsirana kapena matenda odziteteza ku matenda monga sarcoidosis ndi matenda otupa m'matumbo .
• Kuchuluka kwa granulocytosis: Uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chonse cha granulocytes. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo. Matenda, khansa ya m'magazi, matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, ndi matenda a m'mafupa ndi omwe amachititsa izi.
• Neutropenia (yomwe imatchedwanso granulocytopenia): Uku ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma granulocytes, makamaka ma neutrophils. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a magazi kapena mafupa, monga aplastic anemia kapena leukemia . Agranulocytosis ndiye mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa neutropenia.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda okhudzana ndi granulocyte ndi ziti?

Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi vuto lanu. Komabe, zina mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse (Kutopa)
• Malungo
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi (monga chimfine, matenda a pakhosi, matenda a mkodzo)
• Matenda a chingamu
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Zilonda pakamwa
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Ziphuphu pakhungu, monga eczema
• Chikhure
• Ma lymph nodes otupa (m'malo monga khosi ndi m'khwapa)

Ngati mukupitiriza kukhala ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni malangizo.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti awone kuchuluka kwa granulocyte?

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte anu poyesa magazi onse (CBC) . Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yoyezera magazi yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika.

Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte mu lipoti lanu la CBC, yang'anani mawu awa:

• Neutrophil kapena "neutral."
• Eosinophil kapena "eosin."
• Basophil kapena "baso."

Mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi mawu akuti “abs.” Izi zikutanthauza “absolute.” Amatanthauza chiwerengero chenicheni cha mtundu uliwonse wa selo (chiwerengero chenicheni cha magazi).

Kodi mankhwala otani a matenda okhudzana ndi granulocyte ndi ati?

Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi matenda anu, koma njira zina zochiritsira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Maantibayotiki: Ngati pali matenda.
• Kusamutsa mafupa: Pa milandu ina yoopsa.
• Corticosteroids: Kuchepetsa kutupa.
• Jakisoni wa G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): Amawonjezera kupanga kwa granulocyte.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Mthupi: Mu matenda a autoimmune.

Ngati khansa yakhudza ma granulocyte, njira zina zothandizira zingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Chithandizo cholunjika
• Opaleshoni

Chithandizo cha granulocytes wosakhwima

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi zikusonyeza kuti muli ndi ma granulocyte osakhwima, dokotala wanu angachite mayeso ena kuti apeze chomwe chikuyambitsa.

• Ngati chifukwa chake ndi matenda, mankhwala oyenera adzaperekedwa.
• Ngati chifukwa chake ndi khansa, adzakambirana nanu za njira zina zochiritsira monga opaleshoni, chemotherapy, kapena radiation therapy.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji? Nanga bwanji ngati ndikufunika kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte anga?

Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza kuchuluka kwa ma granulocyte anu, ndikofunikira kudziteteza ku matenda. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Pewani kukhudza maso, mphuno, kapena nkhope yanu osasamba m'manja. Kodi pali majeremusi angati osaoneka m'manja mwathu?
• Pezani katemera woyenera pa nthawi yake. Katemerayu angateteze ku matenda ambiri.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wa mano nthawi zonse, ndipo sungani ukhondo wa pakamwa kunyumba. Tsukani mano anu bwino ndi kuwapukuta ndi ulusi.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira, makamaka musanadye, mutapita kuchimbudzi, komanso mutatuluka.
• Pewani malo odzaza anthu ndi malo omwe anthu odwala amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Idyani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri. Izi zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.
• Gonani mokwanira.
• Pewani kusuta fodya.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zachilendo, osanyalanyaza.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ma granulocyte ndi ma agranulocyte?

Zonsezi ndi mitundu ya maselo oyera a m'magazi. Komabe, ma agranulocyte alibe ma granule omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa mu cytoplasm yawo. Chilembo "A" nthawi zambiri chimatanthauza "ayi." Choncho "agranulocyte" amatanthauza chinthu chonga "maselo opanda ma granule."

Ma monocyte ndi ma lymphocyte ndi zitsanzo ziwiri za ma agranulocyte amenewa. Amagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo chamthupi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Ma granulocyte ndi asilikali osalankhula a chitetezo chathu chamthupi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatikwiyitsa zomwe zimalowa m'thupi lathu. Maselo oyera amagazi awa akamagwira ntchito bwino, matupi athu amatha kudziteteza bwino.

Komabe, ngati thupi lanu silipanga ma granulocyte okwanira, kapena ngati chiwerengero cha ma granulocyte chili chochepa kwambiri kapena chokwera kwambiri, izi zitha kusonyeza vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambitsa matendawa.

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Ma granulocyte, maselo oyera a magazi, chitetezo chamthupi, matenda, kuyezetsa magazi, zizindikiro, malangizo azaumoyo, CBC, ma neutrophils, ma eosinophils, ndi ma basophils