Ngwazi yaying'ono yofunika kwambiri m'miyoyo yathu: Zonse zokhudza Medulla Oblongata!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe zinthu zina m'thupi lathu - kupuma, kumenya mitima yathu, kumeza chakudya - zimachitikira zokha, popanda khama lililonse, popanda ife kuganizira za izo? Munthu wamng'ono koma wamphamvu kwambiri amene ali kumbuyo kwa ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambirizi amatchedwa Medulla Oblongata. Kodi tikambirane za gawo lodabwitsa ili lero?

Kodi Medulla Oblongata ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, medulla oblongata yanu ndi gawo la ubongo wanu. Taganizirani motere, kuyambira muubongo wathu mpaka msana wathu, tili ndi msana, womwe uli ngati mlatho wolumikiza ziwirizi. Ndicho chifukwa chake medulla oblongata ndi malo olumikizirana ofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha. Ili ngati malo olumikizirana akuluakulu komwe misewu ikuluikulu imakumana! Imalamulira ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu.

Kodi medulla oblongata imagwira ntchito yanji kwenikweni? Zina mwa ntchito zake...

Medulla oblongata (tingoitcha "medulla") ili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Sichifukwa cha malo ake okha, koma chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe imalamulira. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe imachita:

• Amayendetsa mtima , kuyenda kwa magazi , ndi kupuma : Inde, medulla ndi komwe dongosolo lathu la mtima ndi dongosolo lathu lopumira zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti ziwongolere zinthu monga kugunda kwa mtima wanu, momwe mumapumira, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi . Tangoganizani, popanda izo, sitingathe kupuma bwino!
• Njira zina zodzichitira zokha zimayendetsedwa: Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika zokha m'thupi lanu popanda kuganizira za izo. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga kutsokomola, kuyetsemula, kumeza chakudya, kusanza , ndi kusunga bwino . Tikamadya, sitimaganiza kuti, "Ndikufunika kumeza tsopano," sichoncho? Zimachitika zokha. Izi ndi zomwe zimatithandiza kuchita zimenezo.
• Kulumikizana kwa mitsempha: Mitsempha yambiri ikuluikulu m'thupi lathu imalumikizana ndi msana wathu. Kuchokera pamenepo, mauthenga amatumizidwa kupita ndi kuchokera ku ubongo kudzera mu mitsempha iyi. Chifukwa chake, mauthenga onsewa ayenera kudutsa mu medulla. Mitsempha inayi mwa khumi ndi iwiri ya cranial, yomwe imalumikiza madera monga khosi lanu, pakhosi , ndi lilime mwachindunji ku ubongo, imadutsa mu medulla iyi.
• Malo osinthira:Apa pali chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri! Pali malo apadera otchedwa "Mapiramidi" mu medulla komwe mitsempha yambiri yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka thupi lathu imadutsana. Kudutsana kumeneko ndi chifukwa chake mbali imodzi ya ubongo wanu nthawi zambiri imayang'anira mbali ina ya thupi lanu. Tangoganizirani, mukafuna kusuntha dzanja lanu lamanja, lamulo limachokera kumanzere kwa ubongo wanu. Ndicho chimene chimachitika chifukwa cha kudutsana kumeneku.

Chofunika: Medulla ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu ndipo limagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuisamalira.

Kodi pali mgwirizano wotani pakati pa medulla ndi mitsempha ya cranial?

Tanena kale kuti pali mtundu wina wa mitsempha yotchedwa mitsempha ya cranial. Mitsempha imeneyi imabwera iwiri. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa mitsempha yomwe imadutsa mu medulla:

• Mitsempha ya Cranial Nerve IX (CN IX): Mitsempha yachisanu ndi chinayi ya cranial iyi imagwira ntchito zambiri mkamwa mwathu. Imalamulira tiziwalo timene timatulutsa malovu, kulawa, ndi kukhudza mkamwa. Imalamuliranso gag reflex, zomwe zimatiletsa kuti tisamavutike ndi chinthu china pakhosi mwangozi.
• Mitsempha ya Cranial Never X (CN X): Dzina lina la mitsempha yakhumi iyi ya cranial nerve ndi Vagus nerve. Iyi ndi mitsempha yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Imalumikizidwa ndi chiwalo chilichonse chachikulu kuyambira pakhosi pathu mpaka kumtunda kwa matumbo athu. Imanyamula mauthenga ochokera ku dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha, lomwe sitiganizira nkomwe. Imayendetsa zinthu monga kugunda kwa mtima ndi mayendedwe a m'mimba. Imanyamulanso mauthenga ku kholingo lathu (bokosi la mawu) ndi minofu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumeza chakudya.
• Mitsempha ya Cranial Nevve XI (CN XI): Mitsempha ya khumi ndi imodzi ya cranial nerve imalamulira minofu ya m'khosi ndi kumbuyo kwathu. Minofu imeneyi imathandiza mukatembenuza mutu wanu ndikukweza mapewa anu.
• Mitsempha ya Cranial XII (CN XII): Mitsempha ya khumi ndi iwiri ya cranial imalamulira minofu yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa lilime lanu. Choncho, kulankhula ndi kumeza n'kofunika kwambiri.

Mukuona, ndi netiweki yofunika kwambiri ya mitsempha yomwe imagwira ntchito kudzera mu medulla yaying'ono iyi!

Kodi medulla ili kuti?

Medulla ili pansi penipeni pa ubongo wanu. Makamaka, ndi komwe msana wanu umalumikizana ndi ubongo wanu kudzera mu dzenje lotchedwa foramen magnum pansi pa chigaza chanu. Pamwamba pa medulla pali ma pons, omwe ali pansi pa kapangidwe ka ubongo. Chinthu china chapadera cha medulla ndichakuti chimalekanitsa mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira kuyenda kwa minofu (yomwe ili kumanzere) ndi mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira kumva monga kukhudza, kutentha, ndi kupweteka (yomwe ili kumanja).

Kodi izi zikuwoneka bwanji? Mawonekedwe, mtundu, kukula?

• Mawonekedwe:Medulla nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati chubu, kapena funnel. Mbali ya pamwamba, komwe imalumikizana ndi ma pons, ndiyo yokulirapo kwambiri.
• Mtundu: Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala za beige kapena zotumbululuka. Nthawi zina zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
• Kukula: Medulla ndi yofunika kwambiri, koma ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Ndi yayitali pafupifupi masentimita atatu (pafupifupi mainchesi 1.1). Gawo lalikulu kwambiri lopingasa ndi pafupifupi masentimita awiri (pafupifupi mainchesi 0.78).
• Kulemera: Ubongo wa munthu wamkulu umalemera pakati pa makilogalamu 1.2 ndi 1.4 (mapaundi 2.6 ndi 3.1). Medulla imakhala pafupifupi 0.5% ya izi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imalemera pakati pa magalamu 59 ndi 72 (ma ounces awiri ndi 2.5). Ndi yaying'ono, koma imagwira ntchito yambiri, eti?

Kodi izi zimapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Monga minofu ina ya ubongo, medulla imapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera ndi a imvi a ubongo ndi mitsempha. Minofu yathu ya ubongo imakhala ndi:

• 77% madzi
• Mafuta `(Mafuta)` 11%
• 8% mapuloteni
• Zinthu zina 4%

Kodi matenda ndi matenda otani omwe amakhudza medulla?

Gawo laling'ono koma lofunika kwambiri ili lingakhudzidwe ndi matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nazi zina mwa izo:

• Ma Aneurysms (mitsempha yamagazi yofooka komanso yotupa)
• Khansa
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala mutu, monga kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo
• Matenda a sitiroko kapena matenda a ischemic osakhalitsa (TIAs) (omwe amatchedwanso kuti matenda a mini-stroke)
• Palinso matenda ena osowa, monga Moebius syndrome, multiple system atrophy, ndi progressive supranuclear palsy.

Pali matenda angapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha sitiroko mu ubongo, ndipo amatchedwa ndi mayina apadera:

• Matenda a Wallenberg: Amatchedwanso kuti lateral medullary syndrome, vutoli limachitika pamene magazi akuyenda mbali ya medulla, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dera limenelo liwonongeke. Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa sitiroko womwe umakhudza medulla.
• Dejerine syndrome: Imatchedwanso kuti medial medullary syndrome, izi zimachitika pamene sitiroko imaletsa kuyenda kwa magazi kupita pakati pa medulla, zomwe zimakhudza mapiramidi omwe mitsempha imadutsa.
• Matenda a msana a msana: Ichi ndi vuto lachilendo pang'ono. Limaphatikiza zizindikiro za matenda a Dejerine ndi matenda a Wallenberg, zomwe zimakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi.
• Matenda a Reinhold:Izi zimatchedwanso hemidemedullary syndrome. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Zili ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Wallenberg ndi Dejerine, koma matenda a Wallenberg amakhudza mbali imodzi yokha.
• Matenda a Babinski-Nageotte ndi Cestan-Chenais: Awanso ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Amayambitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zotsatira zina za matenda a Wallenberg ndi matenda a Reinhold.

Kodi zizindikiro za mavuto mu medulla ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda omwe amakhudza medulla zitha kufanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimawonedwa m'mavuto a ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mitsempha yomwe imadutsa mu medulla. Komabe , kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti ndi sitiroko yomwe imakhudza medulla, mudzakumana ndi zizindikiro zina mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu ndi zina mbali inayo. Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Zizindikiro za sitiroko (monga kugwa nkhope, kulephera kulankhula, kutayika kwa chiwalo)
• Kulephera kapena kusowa mgwirizano (zizindikiro za ataxia) - kuyenda ngati woledzera, wosakhoza kugwira zinthu.
• Mutu
• Kusamveka bwino kwa mawu (Dysphonia)
• Kutaya kumva kutentha kapena kupweteka m'thupi kapena nkhope
• Nystagmus (kuyenda kwa maso kosalamulirika)
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kufa ziwalo (m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za nkhope kapena thupi)
• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia)
• Mavuto a masomphenya

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati medulla ili bwino?

Pali mayeso ambiri omwe angathandize kuzindikira matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu, kuphatikizapo medulla. Mayeso ena odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi (monga kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumayang'ana mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi kapena matenda a majini)
• Kujambula kwa computerized tomography (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) (kuyang'anira ntchito yamagetsi ya ubongo)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (kuyang'ana momwe mitsempha imagwirira ntchito m'minofu)
• Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI)
• Kujambula kwa positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kuponda msana / Kuboola msana

Kodi mankhwala ochizira matenda a medulla ndi ati?

Mankhwala ena a matenda a medulla ndi apadera, chifukwa gawo ili la ubongo limagwira ntchito zake zapadera. Komanso, chifukwa cha komwe medulla ili, opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zosatheka, chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina za ubongo kapena msana wapafupi.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisunge medulla yanga yathanzi?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa medulla yanu, kapena kupewa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi.Ngati muli ndi mavitamini ena osowa, makamaka vitamini B12, zingakhudze ubongo wanu, kuphatikizapo medulla, ndikuyambitsa mavuto akulu.
• Khalani ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino. Mavuto okhudza kayendedwe ka magazi ndi mtima wanu angakhudze ubongo wanu. Stroke ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha izi. Stroke nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha mavuto a mtima. Kukhalabe ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezochi.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati pakufunika kutero. Kuvulala mutu kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubongo. Kugwedezeka kwa ubongo kapena kuvulala koopsa kungachitike. Kuvala zida zodzitetezera (monga chisoti) mukugwira ntchito kapena kusewera kungathandize kuteteza ubongo wanu ku kuvulala kotereku.

Kodi medulla imalamulira mkwiyo ndi khalidwe laukali?

Ayi, medulla yanu silamulira malingaliro monga mkwiyo, mkwiyo, ndi khalidwe laukali. Maganizo amenewo amadalira mbali zina ziwiri za ubongo wanu, makamaka limbic system. Ntchito yokhayo ya medulla muukali ndikuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kupuma, ndi njira zina zodziwikiratu.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kotero, mwina tsopano mukumvetsa kuti Medulla Oblongata ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu, ngakhale litakhala laling'ono bwanji. Limagwira ntchito ngati malo olumikizirana, kuthandiza kutumiza mauthenga a mitsempha ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Popanda ilo, simukanatha kuchita chinthu chosavuta monga kutchula dzina lanu, kapena chovuta monga kugwira ndi kuponya mpira.

Kudziwa za medulla oblongata kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino thupi lanu. Kungakuthandizeninso kusamalira bwino thanzi la ubongo wanu ndi dongosolo lanu la mitsempha. Yesetsani nthawi zonse kukhala ndi thanzi labwino!

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Medulla oblongata, tsinde la ubongo, dongosolo lamanjenje, kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, mitsempha ya cranial, sitiroko