Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza macula, zomwe zimatithandiza kuona bwino.

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe timawerengera zilembo m'buku momveka bwino, kapena kuzindikira mnzathu mumsewu, kapena kusangalala ndi tsatanetsatane wa duwa lokongola? Zonsezi zimathandizidwa ndi gawo laling'ono koma lofunika kwambiri mkati mwa maso athu. Ndicho chimene timachitcha 'macula' . Mwina munamvapo kapena simunamvepo za dzinali. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za macula iyi, kufunika kwake pa masomphenya athu, komanso momwe tingaisungire yathanzi.

Kodi macula ndi chiyani? Kodi kwenikweni imagwira ntchito yanji?

Mwachidule, macula ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira mkati mwa diso lanu, makamaka pakati pa retina - gawo lopyapyala, losavuta kumva kuwala kumbuyo kwa diso. Tangoganizani kuti retina iyi ili pakhoma lakumbuyo la diso lanu. Pakati pake pali macula. Anthu ena amaitchanso 'macula lutea' chifukwa ili ndi mtundu wachikasu pang'ono.

Tsopano, taonani, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukuthandizani kuwona zinthu zomwe mukuziona patsogolo, masomphenya anu apakati , momveka bwino komanso molunjika. Mukawerenga buku, mutha kuwona zilembo bwino, mukaonera TV, mutha kuzindikira bwino nkhope za anthu omwe ali m'nkhaniyi, mukayendetsa galimoto, mutha kuwona bwino msewu womwe uli patsogolo, ndipo zinthu ngati zimenezo sizingatheke popanda macula.

Kuwala kukalowa m'diso, kumadutsa mu lens yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa diso ndikugunda retina. Retina ili ndi maselo apadera otchedwa photoreceptors . Maselo amenewa amasintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi. Chizindikiro ichi chimatumizidwa ku ubongo kudzera mu mitsempha ya optic . Ubongo umasanthula chizindikiro ichi ndikuchisintha kukhala chithunzi chomwe timawona. Chifukwa chake, macula imatenga tsatanetsatane wabwino kwambiri wa zomwe mukuwona patsogolo panu ndikuzitumiza ku ubongo. Izi ndi izi:

• Zimathandiza kuwerenga makalata m'buku kapena nyuzipepala momveka bwino .
• Zimathandiza kuzindikira nkhope za anthu .
• Zimathandiza kuzindikira mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono kwambiri .
• Zimathandiza kusiyanitsa ndi kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana .

Nchifukwa chiyani macula iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri?

Mwina mungaone momwe macula ilili yaying'ono, koma imagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Ndi yomwe imatithandiza kuwona zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri ndikuyang'ana kwambiri mbali zenizeni za zomwe tikuyang'ana. Retina yonse imatenga kuwala ndikutumiza chidziwitso ku ubongo. Koma macula ndi yapadera.

Taganizirani izi motere, monga kuthirira munda ndi payipi, retina yonse imasonkhanitsa chidziwitso. Macula ili ngati kadontho kakang'ono kamene kamadontha mankhwala. Imayang'ana kwambiri chidziwitso chapadera komanso chosavuta (ndiko kuti, zomwe mukuwona patsogolo panu ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri) ndikutumiza ku ubongo.

Popanda macula, kapena ngati macula yawonongeka, diso lanu limagwirabe ntchito (ndiko kuti, lidzalola kulowa), koma maso anu sadzawoneka bwino ndipo zinthu zidzatayika . Zili ngati kamera yomwe yasokonekera.

Kodi macula imawoneka bwanji? Yapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Macula ndi kadontho kakang'ono, kachikasu, kooneka ngati chozungulira pakati pa retina. Macula a anthu ambiri ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 5 m'lifupi. Ndikochepera kotala la inchi! Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti chinthu chaching'ono chotere chingakhudze kwambiri maso athu?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe macula imapangidwa nazo. Macula (ndi retina yonse) imapangidwa ndi maselo omwe amamva kuwala omwe tidakambirana kale otchedwa 'photoreceptors' . Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo awa:

• Ndodo: Izi makamaka zimathandiza kuzindikira kuwala kwakuda ndi koyera. Ndi zomwe zimathandizanso kuti tiwone usiku komanso kuwala kochepa.
• Ma Cone: Awa ndi maselo omwe amatithandiza kuzindikira mtundu. Amalamulira maso athu ambiri owoneka bwino komanso akuthwa masana.

Chofunika apa ndi ichi: Macula ali ndi maselo ambiri a cone. Ichi ndichifukwa chake macula amatha kujambula zinthu ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri m'maso mwathu molondola kwambiri.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza macula?

Vuto lililonse lomwe lingawononge diso lingakhudze macula. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza macula makamaka. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuwonongeka kwa Macular komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha ukalamba (AMD): Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa vuto lalikulu la masomphenya pakati pa akuluakulu.
• Macular Pucker: Amatchedwanso 'Epiretinal Membrane', iyi ndi filimu yopyapyala yomwe imapangika pamwamba pa macula, yomwe ingasokoneze kuwona.
• Mabowo a Macular: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, bowo laling'ono limapangidwa mu macula.
• Cystoid Macular Edema: Pachifukwa ichi, madzi amasonkhana mu macula ndi kutupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maso asaone bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto ena omwe amakhudza retina yonse amathanso kuwononga macula. Mwachitsanzo:

• Matenda a majini monga Retinitis Pigmentosa .
• Kuyandama kwa maso ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa - nthawi zina izi zingakhale chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu.
• Kutsekeka kwa Mitsempha ya Retinal.
• Kuchotsa Ma Vitreous Posterior: Mu izi, chinthu chonga jelly chomwe chili mkati mwa diso chimasiyana ndi retina.
• Kuchotsa Retinal: Izi ndi zadzidzidzi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi vuto ndi macula yanu? Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi za maso, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za vuto la macula kapena gawo lina la diso:

• Kumva ngati maso anu akuyamba kusokonekera .
• Kuona chinthu chimodzi ngati ziwiri kumatchedwa diplopia.
• Zikuoneka ngati mizere yowongoka yajambulidwa ndi kupindika.
• Mtundu watsopano wa ululu wa maso womwe sumatha kwa masiku angapo.
• Kuyang'ana mozama mpaka kufika poti simungathe kuwona kuwala kumatchedwa 'Photophobia'.
• Zikuoneka ngati maso anu akuipiraipira pang'onopang'ono .
• Kuona malo amdima kapena opanda kanthu pakati pa maso.

Ngati muwona chinthu chonga ichi, musachite mantha, komanso musachinyalanyaze. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi macula amafufuzidwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu wa maso adzayang'ananso macula yanu (yomwe imatanthauza maculae) panthawi yoyezetsa maso nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa ophthalmoscope kuti ayang'ane macula yanu. Izi zimawathandiza kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa diso lanu ndikuwunika gawo lililonse la diso, kuphatikizapo macula.

Nthawi zina, ngati pali kukayikiridwa kuti pali vuto ndi macula, dokotala angafunike kuchita mayeso apadera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, scan yotchedwa OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) . Izi zitha kutenga chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha macula, monga cross-section. Komanso, mayeso monga Fluorescein Angiography nthawi zina amachitidwa.

Kodi ndingatani kuti macula yanga ikhale yathanzi?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti titeteze macula athu:

• Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse m'maso mwanu , uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungakhale kofunikira.
• Ngati muvala magalasi kapena ma contact lens, pitani kukayezetsa maso nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo sinthani mankhwala anu ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Pewani kusuta. Kusuta fodya ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa macula, makamaka age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
• Valani zovala zoteteza maso mukamachita masewera kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingaike maso pachiwopsezo.
• Valani magalasi abwino okhala ndi chitetezo cha UV mukapita padzuwa. Kuwala koopsa kwa dzuwa kumatha kuwononga macula.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Zinthu monga ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira, zipatso, ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri a omega-3 ndi zabwino pa thanzi la maso.
• Samalani thanzi lanu lonse. Lamulani matenda monga matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Izi zingakhudzenso maso anu.

Kodi nthawi zabwino zokaonana ndi dokotala ndi ziti?

Izi n'zosavuta. Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga mukangoona kusintha kulikonse m'maso mwanu. Zingakhale zosavuta monga kufunikira magalasi atsopano, kapena kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kupita kukayezetsa maso anu musanadikire kuti zizindikiro zifike poipa kwambiri. Ngati mutazindikira msanga, mutha kuchiza mavuto ambiri ndikusunga maso anu.

Ngati mwadzidzidzi mwataya maso anu, mukumva kupweteka kwambiri m'maso, kapena mwadzidzidzi mwayamba kuona kuwala kapena kuyandama, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Izi zitha kukhala zochitika zadzidzidzi.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri za macula, sichoncho?

• Macula ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kokongola mkati mwa diso, koma kali ngati ngwazi yomwe imatithandiza kuwona bwino komanso mwachangu .
• Macula ndi ofunikira powerenga zilembo, kuzindikira nkhope, komanso kuona mitundu.
• Kaya mukuganiza kapena ayi, timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse.
• Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muziyezetsa maso nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti maso anu (ndi diso lanu lonse) ali bwino.
• Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga mukangoona kusintha pang'ono m'maso mwanu, makamaka maso anu. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungakhale chizindikiro cha chinthu chachikulu chomwe chingakhudze maso anu mtsogolo.

Maso anu ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe muli nacho. Chifukwa chake, ndi udindo wanu kuwasamalira. Ndikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso ichi chokhudza macula chidzakuthandizani pa izi!

Macula , retina, thanzi la maso, masomphenya, matenda a maso, masomphenya apakati, kuyezetsa maso