Kodi maselo a Helper T amenewa ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...
Kotero, maselo a Helper T ndi mtundu waukulu wa maselo mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Tangoganizani kuti monga gulu lankhondo lomwe likuteteza dziko lathu, tili ndi dongosolo lalikulu mkati mwa thupi lathu lotiteteza ku matenda, lomwe timatcha chitetezo chamthupi . Maselo a T awa ndi asilikali apadera mu dongosolo limenelo. Pakadali pano, maselo a Helper T ndi gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito yapadera kwambiri. Ntchito yayikulu ya maselo awa ndi kuzindikira matenda, kutanthauza kuti, kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda, kakalowa m'thupi lathu, kenako kulumikizana ndi maselo ena a chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwalimbikitsa kulimbana ndi matendawa (kuwayambitsa) . Monga mtsogoleri wa asilikali nkhondo ikayamba. Maselo a Helper T awa amapangidwa, kutanthauza kuti, amakula, mu gland kakang'ono kotchedwa thymus kumtunda kwa chifuwa chathu. Izi zili ngati sukulu yomwe imapereka maphunziro apadera ku maselo awa. Mu thymus momwe maselo awa amakula ndikuphunzira kuchita ntchito zawo moyenera. Pali mitundu ingapo ya maselo a T. Kupatula maselo a helper T, pali mitundu ina ikuluikulu:- Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni : Awa ndi omwe amamenyana mwachindunji ndikuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga asilikali omwe amaukira asilikali.
- Maselo a T olamulira : Ntchito yawo ndi kulamulira ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi pakafunika kutero, ndipo nthawi zina kuletsa kuti chisagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso.
- Maselo a NKT: Izi zimathandiza kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi.
N’chifukwa chiyani maselo a Helper T amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri m’thupi lathu? (Ntchito ya Chitetezo Chosinthika)
Tsopano, taonani, pali magawo awiri a chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Chimodzi ndi Innate Immunity , chomwe ndi chitetezo chomwe timapatsidwa kuyambira kubadwa ndipo chimagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kachilombo kalikonse. Chinanso ndi Adaptive Immunity . Ichi ndi chapadera kwambiri. Chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chimazindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalowa m'thupi lathu ndikuphunzira kulimbana nawo mwachindunji. Zili ngati mukamakumana ndi mdani yemweyo kachiwiri, mumakhala okonzeka bwino kuposa momwe munalili poyamba. Pamenepo ndiye pamenepa.Anthu otchuka kwambiri pa chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika ndi maselo othandizira a T. Ndipotu, amagwira ntchito m'maselo ambiri osinthika. Amayambitsa mitundu iwiri ya maselo: 1. Maselo a B: Maselo a B awa ndi omwe amapanga mankhwala apadera otchedwa ma antibodies m'thupi lathu. Ma antibodies awa ali ngati zida zapadera. Amapanga ma antibodies omwe ali apadera pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo amathandiza kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 2. Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni: Monga tanenera kale, awa ndi omwe amalimbana mwachindunji ndi matenda ndikuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Mwachidule, maselo othandizira a T ali ngati atsogoleri omwe amauza maselo ena kuti, "Hei, pali vuto! Aliyense agwire ntchito!"Kodi pali mitundu ya maselo othandizira a T?
Inde, maselo a T othandizirawa akangozindikira matenda, amayamba kugwira ntchito pogawa mitundu iwiri. Izi ndi izi:- Maselo othandizira a TH1: Maselo amenewa amatumiza uthenga wapadera wa mankhwala (tiyeni tiwutche lamulo) kuti ayambitse mtundu wa selo lotchedwa macrophage . Ma Macrophage ali ngati osonkhanitsa zinyalala m'matupi athu. "Amameza" zinthu zakunja ndi majeremusi ochokera kunja ndikuyeretsa thupi. Maselo a TH1 amayatsanso maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni omwe tawatchula kale.
- Maselo othandizira a TH2: Maselo amenewa amayatsa maselo a B potulutsa mauthenga osiyanasiyana a mankhwala. Maselo a B amayamba kupanga ma antibodies . Sikuti zokhazo, komanso maselo a TH2 amenewa amayambitsa zinthu monga kutsokomola, kuyetsemula, ndi kutsegula m'mimba , zomwe nthawi zina zimathandiza matupi athu kuchotsa zinthu zakunja. Ma antibodies okhudzana ndi ziwengo zina amapangidwanso ndi thandizo la maselo a TH2 awa.
Tangoganizirani momwe chitetezo cha thupi lathu chimagwirira ntchito movuta, koma mwanzeru! Zonsezi zimachitika kuti zititeteze ku matenda .
Kodi maselo a T othandizira awa amagwira ntchito bwanji? (Kuyambitsa)
Iyi ndi nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri. Maselo a Helper T ali ndi gawo lapadera pamwamba pawo lotchedwa CD4 receptor . Izi zili ngati kiyi ya chitseko. Tilinso ndi molekyulu ina yapadera m'thupi lathu yotchedwa MHC class II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex II molecules).Mamolekyu a MHC class II awa ndi oyamba "kumva" kuti kachilombo kapena chinthu chachilendo chalowa m'thupi mwathu. Kenako, cholandirira cha CD4 ndi molekyulu ya MHC class II zimalumikizana. Zili ngati kuyika kiyi ndikutsegula chitseko. Pamenepo ndi pomwe maselo othandizira T amayamba kugwira ntchito . Akayamba kugwira ntchito, maselo othandizira T awa amatulutsa ma chemical messenger otchedwa cytokines . Ma cytokines awa ndi omwe amatumiza uthenga ku maselo ena oteteza thupi, "Tiyenera kuyamba nkhondo tsopano!"Kodi maselo a Helper T ndi maselo a Cytotoxic T amagwira ntchito limodzi bwanji?
Awiriwa ali ngati magulu awiri ogwira ntchito limodzi. Ma cytokine omwe amatulutsidwa ndi ma cell othandizira a T amathandizira kuyambitsa ma cell a cytotoxic . Zili ngati akunena kuti, "Chabwino, tsopano ndi nthawi yanu, pitani mukachite ntchito yanu!" Ma cell a cytotoxic a T kenako amatulutsa mankhwala awoawo apadera kuti amenyane ndi matendawa. Amathanso kuzindikira maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kuwapha mwachindunji, ndikuletsa matendawa kufalikira. Onani momwe mgwirizano ulili wabwino!Kodi m'thupi mwathu muli kuti maselo othandiza a T amenewa omwe amapezeka kwambiri?
Maselo a T amayamba kukula m'dera lopanda siponji la mafupa athu lotchedwa bone marrow . Kenako, akakula, amapita ku gland yotchedwa thymus . Monga tanenera kale, thymus imakhala ngati "sukulu" ya maselo a T awa. Pamenepo ndi pomwe maselowa amakula ndipo amaphunzitsidwa bwino. Chofunika kwambiri, thymus imaphunzitsa maselo a T awa kuzindikira maselo omwe ali m'thupi lathu omwe ndi athu komanso omwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe achokera kunja . Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, apo ayi amatha kuukira maselo athu. Maphunziro akatha, maselowa amayendayenda m'thupi lathu lonse kuchokera ku thymus. Pali maselo ambiri a T m'thupi lathu lonse. Makamaka, maselo othandizira a T amapezeka m'magulu akuluakulu mu:- Mafupa
- Matumbo
- Mapapu
- Ma lymph nodes - Mukakhala ndi malungo, izi zimatupa ndipo zimayambitsa zotupa m'khosi ndi m'khwapa.
- Nkhumba
- Ma Tonsils - Mwina munamvapo za ma tonsils pakhosi panu.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza maselo a Helper T?
Mwatsoka, palinso matenda omwe amakhudza ntchito ya maselo othandiza a T awa. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:- Matenda a Autoimmune:Imeneyi ndi vuto limene chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaukira maselo athu athanzi. Kusintha kwa ntchito ya maselo othandiza a T kungakhale chifukwa chake.
- Khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'magazi ndi m'mafupa.
- Khansa ya Hodgkin ya Akuluakulu: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi la munthu.
- HIV: Iyi ndi kachilombo komwe kamaukira maselo oyera amagazi, makamaka maselo othandizira a CD4 T. Izi zitha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndikupangitsa matenda otchedwa AIDS .
- Matenda a Ntchito: Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a chitetezo chamthupi omwe amayambitsa matenda pafupipafupi.
- Thymic aplasia: Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe limachitika munthu akangobadwa pamene thymus sikukula bwino. Kusowa kwa thymus yoyenera kumapangitsa kuti maselo a T-cell asamakule bwino.
Zinthu zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi
Pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti chitetezo chathu chonse cha mthupi, kuphatikizapo maselo athu othandizira a T, chikhale cholimba komanso chathanzi. Kutsatira izi kungatithandize kwambiri kuti titetezeke ku matenda.- Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Pewani mowa momwe mungathere, kapena mugwiritse ntchito mowa pang'ono chabe.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, tirigu wonse, mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri, ndi mafuta abwino.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Chitani zinthu monga masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbitsa mphamvu, amawonjezera kusinthasintha, komanso amapuma mozama tsiku lililonse.
- Gonani bwino: Gonani maola osachepera asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu usiku uliwonse.
- Pewani kusuta: Ngati mukusuta, siyani. Ngati mwayamba kale, musayambe.
- Sambani m'manja nthawi zonse: Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi kuti mudziteteze ku majeremusi.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
Kotero, tsopano mukumvetsa kufunika kwa maselo a Helper T mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Ali ngati atsogoleri anzeru a asilikali oteteza thupi lathu. Matenda akabwera, maselo a Helper T ndi omwe amawazindikira, pamodzi ndi maselo ena omenyera nkhondo (maselo a T ndi maselo a B), amatsogolera polimbana ndi matendawa.Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti matupi athu ali ndi dongosolo lodabwitsa lotiteteza, ngakhale sitikudziwa? Chifukwa chake, tiyeneranso kukhala ndi chidwi chosunga chitetezo chamthupi chamtengo wapatalichi chili bwino. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Kenako maselo athu othandizira a T amathanso kugwira ntchito yawo moyenera!Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!
Chitetezo chamthupi, maselo a T, maselo othandizira a T, thanzi, matenda, matenda, chitetezo cha thupi
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