Tiyeni tiphunzire za Subclavian Artery, imodzi mwa mitsempha yofunika kwambiri yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita kumapewa anu, khosi, ndi mutu!

Moni! Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe manja anu, khosi, ndi ziwalo zina za mutu wanu zimapezera magazi? Matupi athu ali ndi dongosolo lodabwitsa kwambiri la mitsempha yamagazi. Lero tikambirana za chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri, koma mwina zomwe sizikambidwa kwambiri, za dongosololi. Imeneyo ndi mtsempha wa subclavian .

Kodi mtsempha wa subclavian ndi chiyani? Umagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mwachidule, mitsempha yanu ya subclavian ndi mitsempha ikuluikulu iwiri yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi ochuluka okosijeni kuchokera mumtima mwanu kupita ku thupi lanu lapamwamba, kuphatikizapo manja anu, khosi, ndi mutu. Ganizirani ngati mapaipi awiri akuluakulu omwe amanyamula madzi kuchokera mu thanki yamadzi kupita kunyumba kwanu. Ali pansi pa mafupa anu a m'khosi (otchedwa clavicles), umodzi mbali iliyonse. Pali iwiri mbali yakumanja ndi iwiri mbali yakumanzere.

Kotero, ntchito yaikulu ya mtsempha wamagazi wa subclavian uwu ndikupereka magazi okhala ndi mpweya kuchokera mumtima kupita ku mutu, khosi, ndi m'manja. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri, sichoncho?

Tingathe kumvetsa ntchito yake mwa kugawa mtsempha wamagazi uwu m'magawo atatu:

• Gawo loyamba limatumiza magazi ku ziwalo za pachifuwa chanu, chithokomiro , ndi Circle of Willis, dongosolo lalikulu lomwe limapereka magazi ku ubongo.
• Gawo lachiwiri limapita ku ziwalo za khosi lanu zotchedwa costocervical trunks .
• Gawo lachitatu , lomwe ndi gawo lomwe lili kutali pang'ono ndi komwe mtsempha wamagazi umayambira, limapereka magazi m'manja mwanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi amapita ku chilichonse kuyambira ku biceps, minofu ya triceps, minofu ya mapewa, minofu ya mkono, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mtsempha wa subclavian uli kuti kwenikweni?

Monga tanenera kale, mitsempha yonse iwiri ya magazi ili pansi pa mafupa anu a collarbone ('clavicles'). Komabe, mitsempha ya subclavian yakumanzere ndi mitsempha ya subclavian yakumanja zimayamba mosiyana pang'ono.

• Mtsempha wa subclavian wakumanja womwe uli kumbali yanu yakumanja umayamba ndi mtsempha wamagazi wotchedwa brachiocephalic artery yanu.
• Mtsempha wa kumanzere wa subclavian womwe uli kumanzere umayambira mwachindunji kuchokera ku arch ya aorta yanu yayikulu, aortic arch .

Mitsempha iwiri iyi ya magazi imayenda kuchokera pakati pa thupi lanu, kudzera mu minofu iwiri m'khosi mwanu yotchedwa "minofu ya anterior ndi yapakati ya scalene." Imafika ku nthiti yanu yoyamba, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo imakhala "mitsempha ya axillary," yomwe ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapita molunjika pansi pa mkono wanu.

Mitsempha ya subclavian iyi imagawikana kukhala nthambi zazing'ono. Ndi yofunika kwambiri:

• Mitsempha ya msana: Iyi imapereka magazi ku ziwalo zina za ubongo wanu ndi ubongo . Mitsempha yamagazi iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mainchesi pakati pa 3 ndi 5 m'mimba mwake.
• Mitsempha ya m'chifuwa chamkati: Iyi imapereka magazi ku pericardium , fupa la pachifuwa, diaphragm , khoma la pachifuwa, ndi mbali zina za khoma la m'mimba. Iyi ndi mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi yokwana mamilimita awiri m'mimba mwake. Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mitsempha ya m'chifuwa chamkati yakumanzere poika mitsempha ya mtima kudzera mu mitsempha ya mtima .
• Mitsempha ya scapular ya m'mimba: Iyi imapereka magazi ku minofu ya kumbuyo kwanu ndipo imathandizira manja ndi mapewa anu.
• Thupi la thyrocervical: Izi zimathamanga m'mbali mwa khosi lanu ndipo zimapereka magazi kukhosi ndi mapewa anu.
• Chigoba cha Costocervical: Ichi chilinso mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi ndipo chimatumiza magazi m'manja, m'khosi, ndi m'mutu.

Kodi mtsempha wa subclavian uwu ndi waukulu bwanji? Wapangidwa ndi chiyani?

M'mimba mwake mwa mtsempha wanu wa subclavian, kapena m'lifupi mwa gawo lake, muli pakati pa masentimita 0.7 ndi 1.0 (osakwana theka la inchi). Ndi yaying'ono, koma imagwira ntchito yambiri, eti?

Monga mitsempha ina yamagazi, mitsempha yanu ya subclavian imapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu.

1. Chigawo chamkati (Tunica Intima): Ichi chimapangidwa ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri komanso losinthasintha la maselo. Chimathandiza magazi kuyenda bwino.

2. Gawo lapakati (Tunica Media): Uwu ndi gawo la minofu. Uwu ndi womwe umalola mitsempha yamagazi kuti igwire ndikukulitsa. Umathandizanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

3. Chigawo chakunja (Tunica Adventitia): Ichi ndi chophimba cholimba chopangidwa ndi maselo opyapyala komanso osinthasintha. Chimapereka chitetezo ku mitsempha yamagazi.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza mitsempha ya subclavian?

Mwatsoka, ngakhale mtsempha wa subclavian, womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ukhoza kudwala matenda ena. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa matenda akuluakulu:

• Matenda a atherosclerosis: Anthu ambiri amvapo izi. Mwachidule, ndi vuto lomwe mafuta ndi cholesterol zimasonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi (timatcha kuti `plaque` ) ndikutseka mitsempha yamagazi. Zili ngati dzimbiri lomwe limatseka chitoliro chamadzi. Ngati izi zitachitika mumtsempha wa subclavian, zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi.
• Matenda a Thoracic Outlet: Pa vutoli, mtsempha wa subclavian umachepa ( stenosis) chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi fupa, minofu, kapena minofu ina yozungulira.) kusintha. Kenako kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amapita m'manja kungachepe.
• Matenda a Takayasu: Uwu ndi mtundu wa vasculitis . Umayambitsa kutupa, kapena kutupa, kwa mitsempha ya subclavian, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umafika kumutu, pakhosi, kapena m'manja.
• Matenda a Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha atherosclerosis . Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti mtsempha wa subclavian umachepa ( stenosis ), ndipo magazi ena omwe ayenera kupita ku ubongo "akuba" kuchokera ku dzanja. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa "kuba."

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la mitsempha ya subclavian ndi ziti? Kodi mumadziwa bwanji?

Ngati pali vuto ndi mtsempha wa subclavian, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi matenda omwe akukhudza. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimaonekera:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'dzanja limodzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa m'dzanja lina.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa manja kapena zala (monga kutembenukira buluu kapena kuyera).
• Kusanza, kupweteka, kufooka , kapena kungomva chinachake m'dzanja.
• Kutupa kwa dzanja.
• Manja sangathe kupirira kuzizira .
• Kumva chizungulire .
• Nthawi zina kutentha thupi kumatha kuchitika (makamaka pa matenda otupa monga `Takayasu's arteritis`).
• Kukomoka (makamaka m'mikhalidwe monga `Subclavian Steal Syndrome`).

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati mtsempha wa subclavian uli bwino?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, mukapita kwa dokotala, mwina adzakuyesani mayeso ena.

• Choyamba, timayesa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'manja onse awiri . Titha kuwona ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu.
• Kuyeza magazi m'mitsempha : Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yopanda ululu yomwe ingayang'ane momwe magazi amayendera m'mitsempha yamagazi komanso ngati pali kutsekeka kulikonse.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa .
• Kujambula kwa CT .
• Mayeso a MRI (Maginito Owonetsa Maonekedwe a Maginito - MRI) .
• Addison maneuver : Iyi ndi njira yoyesera kuti muwone ngati pali Thoracic Outlet Syndrome . Minofu ya scalene m'khosi mwanu yatambasulidwa ndipo radial pulse m'dzanja lanu imayesedwa ngati yachepa.
• AngiogramMayeso: Iyi ndi njira yosowa kwambiri. Mankhwala apadera amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo X-ray imatengedwa.

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani a matenda a mitsempha ya subclavian?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ngati mtsempha wa subclavian wachepa kapena watsekeka, pali njira zochiritsira kuti ubwerere mwakale. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti atsegulenso mtsempha wamagazi uwu. Chithandizo chimasiyana malinga ndi vutolo.

Matenda a mitsempha ya subclavian (omwe amayamba chifukwa cha `atherosclerosis`)

• Aspirin ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi .
• Angioplasty : Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa baluni kakang'ono mu mtsempha wamagazi ndikuupopera pamalo pomwe patsekeka, kuchotsa plaque yomwe yakhazikika pakhoma la mtsempha wamagazi. Kenako stent , kapangidwe kakang'ono kofanana ndi maukonde, kakhoza kuyikidwa pamalopo kuti kutsekekako kusabwerezenso.
• Opaleshoni yodutsa magazi ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imapanga njira yatsopano yoti magazi aziyenda mozungulira malo otsekekawo.

Matenda a Thoracic Outlet

• Kuchiza thupi : Izi zikutanthauza kuchita zinthu monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse kupanikizika.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs) osagwiritsa ntchito steroidal : Amachepetsa ululu ndi kutupa.
• Mankhwala oletsa magazi kapena "mankhwala ochotsa magazi m'thupi".
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutsekeka kwa Magazi : Mankhwala operekedwa kuti magazi asatseke.
• Opaleshoni imachitika kuti ichotse chomwe chimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

Matenda a arteritis a Takayasu

• Corticosteroids : Kuchepetsa kutupa.
• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi .
• Kutsegula mtsempha wamagazi kudzera mu opaleshoni kapena angioplasty .

Matenda a Kuba kwa Subclavian

• Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana : Amaletsa magazi kuundana kuti asamamatire pamodzi ndikupanga magazi kuundana.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kuundana kwa Magazi : Amaletsa Kuundana kwa Magazi.
• Opaleshoni ya bypass kapena angioplasty .

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti mitsempha ya subclavian ikhale yathanzi?

Monga momwe mumasamalirira mtima wanu ndi dongosolo lonse la mtima, muyeneranso kusamalira mitsempha yanu ya subclavian. Kutsatira malangizo awa kudzakuthandizani kwambiri:

• Lamulirani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi . Awa ndi adani awiri akuluakulu omwe amawononga mitsempha yamagazi.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kwathunthu. Kusuta fodya kumawononga kwambiri mitsempha yamagazi.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse . Kuyenda kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku ndikwabwino kwambiri.
• Khalani ndi thupi labwino . Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera kupanikizika kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

Kotero, chinthu chomaliza kukumbukira ndi ...

Mtsempha wanu wa subclavian ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la thupi lanu lapamwamba, lomwe limapereka magazi ofunikira kuti mukhale athanzi. Monga momwe mtengo umafunira madzi, manja athu, khosi, ndi mutu wathu zimafunikira magazi oyenda kudzera mu mtsempha uwu wamagazi.

Kudya zakudya zabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize osati kokha kuti mitsempha yanu ya subclavian ikhale yolimba komanso mitsempha ina yonse yamagazi m'thupi lanu. Kupita kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse ndi dokotala wanu kungathandizenso kuzindikira mavuto aliwonse okhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka magazi m'thupi lanu msanga. Ngati mwadzidzidzi mwapeza kuti imodzi mwa mitsempha yanu yamagazi yachepa, musachite mantha. Mankhwala apamwamba ali ndi mankhwala ofunikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuwona zizindikiro.