Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe matupi athu amatumizirana mauthenga ang'onoang'ono kuti amenyane ndi matenda ndikuthandizana? Pali ziwalo za matupi athu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati amithenga achinsinsi.
Ma Cytokine ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito yapadera kwambiri. Lero, tikambirana za amithenga ang'onoang'ono koma ofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi ma cytokine kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, ma cytokine ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni. Ali ngati amithenga a mankhwala omwe amafalitsa uthenga mu
chitetezo chathu chamthupi . Taganizirani za chitetezo chathu chamthupi ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko. Gulu lankhondo ili lili ndi
nthambi zosiyanasiyana, asilikali. Ndani amatumiza mauthenga awa (monga maselo a chitetezo chamthupi) monga, "Apa akubwera mdani!" "Pitani kuno mukamenyane!" "Dzitetezeni motere!"? Ndicho chimene
ma cytokine awa amachita. Pamene
tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga majeremusi, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'thupi zimalowa m'thupi mwathu, ma cytokine awa amauza maselo athu a chitetezo chamthupi kuti "ayambe kugwira ntchito, amenyane ndi olowa awa." Sikuti zokhazo, koma ma cytokine awa amathandiza kuti chitetezo chathu chamthupi chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso mogwirizana, ngakhale palibe choopsa pa matupi athu. Monga momwe mauthenga amasinthirana kuti ofesi yathu iyende bwino.
Kodi pali mitundu iti ya ma cytokine?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mamembala a banja la amithenga otchedwa ma cytokine. Onsewa amauza maselo a chitetezo chamthupi komwe angapite ndi zomwe angachite. Koma pali mitundu ingapo, kutengera ntchito zawo. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ingapo yayikulu.
- Chemokines: Awa ndi "maupangiri." Ali ngati GPS. Ndi omwe amatsogolera maselo a chitetezo chamthupi kumalo omwe kachilombo kakufalikira, kuwauza kuti, "Bwerani kuno."
- Ma Interferons: Dzina lenileni la izi limatanthauza "kusokoneza." Kodi kusokoneza kumatanthauza chiyani? Amagwira ntchito poletsa mavairasi kulowa m'maselo athu ndikupanga mavairasi ambiri ('kubwerezabwereza'). Zili ngati kuyika chikwangwani cha mavairasi chomwe chimati, "Simupitanso kuno!"
- Ma Interleukin: Dzinali limachokera ku mawu oti "pakati" (pakati) ndi "leukocyte" (selo loyera la magazi). Poyamba anthu ankaganiza kuti mankhwala amenewa amangolankhulana pakati pa maselo oyera a magazi. Komabe, tsopano zapezeka kuti amapangidwanso ndi maselo ena ndipo amalankhulananso pakati pa maselo oyera omwe si oyera.
- Choyambitsa Matenda a Tumor Necrosis (TNF): Izi zikumveka ngati dzina loipa, sichoncho? Ntchito yake yayikulu ndiImaletsa kutupa , zomwe zikutanthauza kutupa ndi kufiira. Imathandizanso kuti maselo oteteza thupi awononge maselo otupa .
- Zinthu Zolimbikitsa Mitsempha ya M'magazi (CSF): Izi zili ngati "oyang'anira fakitale ya maselo" m'thupi lathu. Chifukwa, pali mtundu wapadera wa maselo otchedwa maselo oyambira magazi (HSC) . Maselo amenewa amatha kupanga mitundu yonse ya maselo amagazi monga maselo oyera amagazi, maselo ofiira amagazi, ndi ma platelet. "Njira yopangira" iyi ( Hematopoiesis ) imathandizidwa ndi "CSF" iyi, kutanthauza kuti, imauza maselo oyambira kuti "apange mtundu uwu wa maselo". Mwachitsanzo, " G-CSF " imathandiza kupanga mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa "Neutrophil" . Ma neutrophil awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda.
Ma cytokine ena amatchulidwa mayina a mtundu wa selo lomwe limawapanga.
- Ma Lymphokine: Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa ma lymphocyte.
- Ma monokine: Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa monocytes.
Kodi ma cytokine amathandiza bwanji matupi athu?
Tikamalankhula za ma cytokine, anthu ambiri amaganiza za
kutupa . Tikamaganizira za kutupa, timaganizira za kutupa kosasangalatsa ndi kufiira komwe kumachitika panthawi ya matenda kapena ziwengo. Koma kutupa kwenikweni ndi chizindikiro chakuti maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi lathu akulimbana ndi adani kapena kuchiritsa minofu yovulala.
Tangoganizirani mukadula chala chanu, malowo amatupa ndi kufiira, sichoncho? Ndi kutupa kumeneko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma cytokine amatumizidwa kumeneko, nati, "Pali vuto pano, bwerani mudzaone, ndipo muchiritse bala," ndipo maselo oyenera amabweretsedwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito.
Kotero, ma cytokine ali ngati amithenga a mankhwala omwe amauza maselo "momwe ayenera kukhalira." Amawonetsa zinthu monga:
- Kuyambitsa kwa maselo: Kumauza maselo komwe angapite ndi zomwe angachite. Mwachitsanzo, kumatsogolera maselo oteteza thupi kumalo komwe kachilombo kamapezeka kuti amenyane ndi majeremusi omwe alipo. Kumawonetsanso kuti kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa njira zokhudzana ndi kutupa.
- Kusiyana kwa maselo:Izi zili ngati sukulu yophunzitsira. Amatenga maselo osakhwima ndikuwaphunzitsa kuti akhale "uyu ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe mukufuna kukhala mukakula." Mwachitsanzo, amatenga selo laling'ono ndikulisandutsa kukhala selo loyera la magazi lomwe lingathe kulimbana ndi matenda.
- Kuchulukana kwa maselo: Izi zikutanthauza "kupangitsa anthu ambiri kukukondani." Zili ngati kupanga kopi. Mwachitsanzo, mukafuna maselo oyera ambiri kuti mulimbane ndi matenda, mumatumiza uthenga ku maselo oyera omwe alipo kuti "apangitse anthu ambiri kukukondani."
Si zokhazo, koma nthawi zina ma cytokine amauzanso maselo a thupi lathu kuti "apange ma cytokine ambiri." Kenako kutupa kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ma cytokines oyambitsa kutupa ndi oletsa kutupa?
Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikagwira ntchito bwino, ma cytokine amayambitsa kutupa pakafunika kulimbana ndi olowa m'thupi ndikuchiritsa minofu. Kenako, amati, "Chabwino, zatha, ndizo zonse," ndipo amachepetsa ndikuletsa kutupa. Zili ngati
accelerator (gas pedal) ndi brake pagalimoto.
- Ma cytokine oyambitsa kutupa: Awa ndi "ma pedal a gas." Awa ndi anthu omwe amawonetsa kutupa kuti kuyambe ndikuwonjezeka. Mdani akalowa m'thupi lathu, amati, "Aliyense, konzekerani nkhondo!"
- Ma cytokine oletsa kutupa: Awa ndi "mabuleki". Awa ndi omwe amawonetsa kuti kutupa kutha ndikuchepetsa . Chifukwa, ngati kutupa kukuchulukirachulukira, kumatha kuwononganso minofu yabwino m'thupi lathu. Awa ndi omwe amaletsa zimenezo.
Kunena zoona, kuletsa kutupa n’kofunika kwambiri monga kuyamba. Kutupa kwambiri kungayambitse zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, matenda a nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina, ngati sikuchiritsidwa, kungakhale koopsa.
Kodi ma cytokine awa amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Izi zimachitika m'njira yosavuta kwambiri. Taganizirani za cytokine ngati
kiyi , ndipo pali
`receptor` pa selo yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kiyi imeneyo. Cytokine (kiyi) ikalowa mu `receptor' yomwe ili pa selo imeneyo, selo imeneyo imalandira uthenga wakuti "Chochita ndi Chiyani?". Kenako selo imeneyo imagwira ntchito motsatira uthengawo. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo. Ngati imodzi mwa maselo athu oteteza thupi izindikira chinthu choopsa, monga kachilombo, mkati mwa thupi, selo imeneyo imatulutsa cytokine. Cytokine iyi imayenda m'magazi kapena m'maselo ndikupeza selo yomwe ili ndi `receptor' yomwe ikugwirizana nayo. Cytokine ikalumikizana ndi `receptor' imeneyo, selo yomwe imalandira uthengawo imalandira malangizowo. Mwina selo imeneyo idzapita komwe kachilombo kali ndikuyamba kuiukira. Kapena, idzalimbitsa chitetezo chake kuti kachilomboko kasalowe. Cytokines imatha kutumiza mauthenga ku selo yomwe idawatulutsa, ku maselo apafupi, kapena ngakhale ku maselo omwe ali kutali.
- Kutumiza mauthenga ku selo yakeyake (`Autocrine signaling`):Cytokine imalumikizana ndi cholandirira chomwe chili pa selo chomwe chimachitulutsa.
- Kulankhula kwa paracrine: kumamatira ku ma receptors omwe ali m'maselo apafupi.
- Kulankhulana kwa Endocrine: Ma Cytokine amamangirira ku ma receptors omwe ali m'maselo omwe ali kutali ndi selo lomwe linawatulutsa.
Pali maselo m'thupi lathu lonse omwe ali ndi ma cytokine `receptors. Ndipotu, ziwalo zambiri m'thupi lathu zimakhala ndi maselo omwe ali ndi ma `receptors' awa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutupa kumatha kuchitika kulikonse.
Kodi ma cytokine amachokera kuti? Ndani amawapanga?
Ma cytokine odziwika bwino m'thupi lathu amapangidwa
ndi maselo oteteza thupi , omwe ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi (leukocytes). Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Macrophages
- Maselo a dendritic
- Lymphocytes (ma lymphocytes a T ndi B)
- Ma monocyte
- Ma Neutrophils
- Ma Basophils
- Ma eosinophils
- Maselo a m'mimba
Koma si maselo oteteza thupi okha, komanso mitundu ina yambiri ya maselo m'thupi lathu imatha kupanga ma cytokine. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:
- Maselo a Endothelial: Maselo omwe ali mkati mwa mitsempha yathu yamagazi.
- Maselo a epithelial: Maselo omwe ali m'mbali mwa ziwalo zathu.
- Fibroblasts: Maselo omwe amapezeka mu minofu yolumikizana.
- Maselo ozungulira: Mtundu wina wa selo womwe umapezeka mu minofu yolumikizana.
- Maselo a Schwann: Maselo ozungulira maselo a mitsempha (ma neuron).
Mtundu womwewo wa cytokine ukhoza kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo.
Ndi matenda ati omwe angagwirizane ndi ma cytokine?
Ma cytokine ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo chathu chamthupi, ndipo agwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda ambiri omwe tingayambitse. Nthawi zambiri, ma cytokine amatithandiza kuti tisatenge matenda. Komabe, nthawi zina chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimatha kupanga ma cytokine ambiri. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda kapena ngati gawo la chithandizo monga
immunotherapy . Izi zimatchedwa
cytokine release syndrome (CRS) kapena
cytokine storm . Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe ambiri a thupi lathu. Ngati sizikuthandizidwa, vutoli likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo. Ngati pali ma cytokine ambiri, kutupa kumawonjezeka. Kutupa kochulukirapo kumeneku kumatha kuwononga minofu, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga:
- Matenda a Autoimmune: Apa ndi pamene maselo athu a chitetezo chamthupi amaukira maselo athu athanzi molakwika.
- Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya:Mavuto okhudzana ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, njira yomwe matupi athu amasinthira chakudya kukhala mphamvu ndikuchotsa zinyalala.
- Khansa
- Sepsis: Apa ndi pamene kutupa kwa thupi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti magazi opita ku ziwalo zazikulu amachepa. Sepsis ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe limatha kupha.
Koma musadandaule. Ngati thupi lanu lakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma cytokine m'thupi ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chayamba kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa kutupako.
Kodi gulu la cytokine ndi chiyani?
Madokotala amatha kudziwa ngati thupi lanu likupanga ma cytokine ambiri kapena ochepa. Amachita izi ndi chinthu chotchedwa
cytokine panel . Uku ndi kuyesa magazi kosavuta. Amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa ma cytokine omwe amagwirizana ndi kutupa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma cytokine kuli kwakukulu, zikutanthauza kuti pali kutupa kowonjezereka. Kenako, mankhwala ofunikira atha kuyamba.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi ndi izi:
Kotero, mwina tsopano mwamvetsa kufunika kwa ma cytokine pa chitetezo chamthupi chathanzi m'thupi lathu. Monga china chilichonse,
kuchepetsa thupi ndikofunikira.
Ngati chizindikiro cha cytokine chili mu kuchuluka koyenera komanso m'njira yoyenera, chingatiteteze ku matenda. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa cytokine kukwera kwambiri, kutupa kwakukulu komwe kumachitika kungakhale koopsa ngati sikuchiritsidwa.
Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za kulankhulana kodabwitsa kumeneku komwe kumachitika m'thupi lathu. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira pankhaniyi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala.
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