Kodi mukudziwa za MSA (Multiple System Atrophy), matenda omwe amakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi?

Tangoganizirani, mwadzidzidzi mukuvutika kuyenda, kutaya mphamvu zanu, ndikumva chizungulire ndikugwa mukayimirira kuchokera pamalo okhala. Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha kwambiri zinthuzi zikayamba kuchitika mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale nthawi zina sitimasamala kwambiri izi, zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ena osowa. Lero tikambirana za matenda amodzi osowa, koma oopsa kwambiri amitsempha. Umenewo ndi Multiple System Atrophy , matenda omwe ife madokotala ndi odwala timatcha (MSA) mwachidule. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yovuta pang'ono, tidzakambirana mwachidule, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi MSA iyi ndi chiyani?

MSA ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a mitsempha omwe mbali zina za ubongo wathu zimafooka pang'onopang'ono ndi kufa. Pakapita nthawi, mphamvu ndi ntchito za thupi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mbali zowonongeka za ubongozi zimatha pang'onopang'ono. Kunena zoona, izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, chifukwa matendawa amatha ndi imfa.

Kale, madokotala ankatchula zizindikiro zimenezi ndi mayina atatu.

• Matenda a Shy-Drager
• Kufooka kwa olivopontocerebellar nthawi ndi nthawi
• Kuwonongeka kwa striatonigral

Koma pambuyo pake, ofufuza anazindikira kuti matenda atatuwa anali ndi zizindikiro zambiri zofanana. Choncho, anaphatikiza onsewo ndi kuwatcha "Multiple System Atrophy" (MSA). "Multiple System" amatanthauza "machitidwe angapo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amakhudza machitidwe angapo m'thupi lathu. Zizindikiro zimadalira mbali zomwe ubongo wawonongeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake munthu aliyense amakumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.

Pambuyo pake, matendawa adagawidwa m'magulu awiri, makamaka kutengera zizindikiro zomwe zimabweretsa. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu iwiri ya MSA.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a MSA?

MSA nthawi zambiri imakhudza akuluakulu, makamaka akakwanitsa zaka 30. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaonekera pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 59. Matendawa amatha kukhudza aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za jenda.

Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali anthu atsopano 0.6 mpaka 0.7 okha omwe ali ndi matendawa pa anthu 100,000 pachaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti uwu si matenda wamba m'dera lathu.

Kodi matenda a MSA amakhudza bwanji thupi lathu?

MSA imayambitsa maselo kufa m'malo osiyanasiyana a ubongo. Zizindikiro zimadalira mbali zomwe ubongo wawonongeka. Mbali zazikulu za ubongo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi izi:

• Basal Ganglia: Izi zili pakati pa ubongo. Zili ngati chitoliro chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. Ndi kudzera mu gawo ili momwe mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo zimakhalira pamodzi ndikugwira ntchito limodzi.
• Brainstem: Apa ndi pomwe njira zodziyimira zokha m'thupi lathu zomwe ndizofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo zimayendetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zinthu izi zimachitika zokha popanda ife kuganizira za izo, sichoncho? Apa ndiye malo owongolera.
• Cerebellum: Iyi ili kumbuyo kwa mutu, pafupi ndi maziko. Iyi ndi gawo lalikulu la ubongo wathu lomwe limagwirizanitsa mayendedwe a thupi lathu ndikusunga bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wapeza kuti gawoli limakhudzidwanso ndi malingaliro athu komanso kupanga zisankho.

Kotero, pamene ziwalo izi za ubongo zawonongeka, njira zonse zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ziwalo zimenezo zimayamba kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, pamene `(brainstem)` yawonongeka, pamakhala mavuto aakulu ndi njira zodziyimira zokha monga kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za MSA ndi ziti?

Mu MSA, zizindikiro zina zimakhala zofanana ndi za mitundu yonse iwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zapadera pa mtundu uliwonse. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka pa mitundu yonse iwiri ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa autonomic . Mwachidule, njira zomwe zimachitika zokha m'thupi lathu sizigwira ntchito bwino.

Zizindikiro za Kulephera Kudzilamulira

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi: Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho. Mukayimirira mwadzidzidzi kuchokera pamalo omwe mumakhala kapena mutakhala pansi , kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika mwadzidzidzi . Izi zingayambitse chizungulire, kusawona bwino, komanso kukomoka.
• Kulephera kulamulira mkodzo ndi ndowe: Kulephera kudziletsa mkodzo ndi kusadziletsa m'chimbudzi kungachitike nthawi yomwe simukuyembekezera.
• Kulephera kugonana: Mavuto monga kulephera kugonana, makamaka mwa amuna, amapezeka panthawi yogonana.
• Mavuto a tulo: Makamaka, vuto lotchedwa ``(REM) sleep behavior disorder'' limawonekera. Pamene mulota, mumasuntha thupi lanu, kufuula, ndikugwedeza miyendo yanu poyankha maloto anu.
• Kuchepa kwa thukuta (Anhidrosis): Mphamvu ya thupi yotulutsa thukuta imachepa kwambiri.
• Zizindikiro monga mavuto a maso, pakamwa pouma, kupuma movutikira, komanso kudzimbidwa nazonso n’zofala.

Makhalidwe a m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo

Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala a MSA amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi luso lawo loganiza komanso kukhazikika maganizo. Amavutikanso kulamulira malingaliro awo, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudza matenda amisala.

• Nkhawa
• Kuvutika maganizo
• Kulira kapena kuseka mosayenera
• Kuukira kwa mantha
• Maganizo odzivulaza kapena kudzipha

Zizindikiro Zokhudzana ndi Kusuntha

Makhalidwe amenewa amasiyana malinga ndi mitundu iwiri ya MSA yomwe takambirana kale.

Kodi chimayambitsa MSA ndi chiyani?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha MSA sichikudziwikabe . Komabe, asayansi akuganiza kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha puloteni yotchedwa alpha-synuclein . Puloteni iyi imaganiziridwa kuti imasonkhana modabwitsa m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a ubongo awonongeke. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, puloteni yomweyi ikuganiziridwanso kuti ndi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Parkinson.

Mapuloteni ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa matupi athu. Komabe, mapuloteniwa akasonkhana pamalo olakwika, mwanjira yolakwika, amatha kuwononga maselo. Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu MSA.

Kafukufuku akupitilirabe kuti adziwe chifukwa chake puloteni iyi ya alpha-synuclein imasonkhana muubongo. Akukayikiridwa kuti mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Makamaka, pali umboni wakuti mtundu wa MSA-C ukhoza kufalikira kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo mpaka pamlingo wina. Komabe, palibe kulumikizana kwa majini kotere komwe kwapezeka kwa mtundu wa MSA-P.

Kodi matenda a MSA amapezedwa bwanji?

Iyi ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri la matendawa. Ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira MSA ndi chitsimikizo cha 100%.ndi kufufuza minofu ya ubongo munthu akamwalira. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti pakadali pano palibe ukadaulo woti uone ngati puloteni ya alpha-synuclein yaikidwa mu ubongo wa munthu wamoyo.

Komabe, pamene wodwalayo ali moyo, madokotala amatha kukayikira matendawa. Amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga zizindikiro, mbiri ya matenda a wodwalayo, mbiri ya banja lake, komanso momwe amayankhira mankhwala enaake. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatha kuzindikira matenda a Parkinson poyamba. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zikamakula pakapita nthawi, kapena mankhwala a Parkinson akasiya kugwira ntchito, matendawa angafunike kusinthidwa kukhala MSA.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda a MSA ndi matenda a Parkinson

Mayeso ozindikira matenda

Pali mayeso ochepa kwambiri omwe angathandize kuzindikira MSA mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, mayeso angapo amachitidwa kuti athetse matenda ena ndikusonkhanitsa umboni wotsimikizira kukayikira kuti MSA ikhoza kukhala chifukwa.

• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi nthawi zina zingawonetse kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina za ubongo. Mu MSA-C, makamaka, mawonekedwe otchedwa "hot cross bun" amatha kuwoneka m'chigawo cha ubongo. Amaoneka ngati hot cross bun. Komabe, chizindikirochi chingathenso kuwoneka m'matenda ena, kotero si matenda enieni a MSA.
• Kuyesa majini: Izi zitha kuyang'ana kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudzana ndi puloteni ya alpha-synuclein.
• Kufufuza za khungu: Kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti mayesowa angathandize kudziwa ngati alpha-synuclein ilipo mu minofu ya mitsempha ya khungu. Komabe, izi zikadali mu gawo lofufuza.

Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani mayeso omwe akuwona kuti ndi ofunikira, kutengera momwe mulili, komanso zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa iwo.

Kodi pali chithandizo cha MSA?

Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a MSA . Chifukwa chake, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera zizindikiro ndikusunga moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali momwe zingathere.

Chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa chimadalira zizindikiro za wodwalayo komanso kuopsa kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi amaperekedwa kwa osteoarthritis, minofu yopumitsa minofu, ndi mankhwala ena oletsa mkodzo. Komanso, zinthu monga physiotherapy ndi mankhwala olankhulira ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa angayembekezere tsogolo lotani?

MSA ndi matenda omwe amapitirira kukula. Pafupifupi theka la omwe akhudzidwa adzafunika chithandizo choyendera (monga ndodo kapena choyendera) mkati mwa zaka 5 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zayamba. Pafupifupi 60% adzafunika mpando wa olumala mkati mwa zaka 5. Pofika zaka 6 mpaka 8, odwala ambiri amakhala atagona pabedi.

Pamene matendawa akupitirira, njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala zimafunika kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino.

• Tracheostomy ndi njira yomwe imapangidwa dzenje laling'ono pakhosi ndipo imayikidwa chubu kuti ithandize kupuma movutikira.
• Kudyetsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu ndi kupereka chakudya kudzera mu chubu pamene wodwalayo sangathe kumeza.
• Kutsegula mapaipi kapena njira zina zochitira opaleshoni kuti muchepetse mkodzo ndi ndowe.

Kawirikawiri, nthawi ya moyo wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi MSA kuyambira nthawi yomwe adapezeka ndi matendawa imakhala pakati pa zaka 6 ndi 10. Nthawi zina zosaopsa kwambiri, munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15. Komabe, ngati matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, nthawi ya moyo imatha kukhala yochepa kwambiri.

Imfa imayamba chifukwa cha mavuto a matendawa. Mwachitsanzo:

• Chibayo.
• Sepsis (kutupa m'magazi) chifukwa cha matenda a mkodzo.
• Imfa yadzidzidzi yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha mavuto a ubongo omwe amakhudza kupuma panthawi yogona.

Kodi timasamalira bwanji okondedwa athu?

Zizindikiro za munthu amene ali ndi MSA zikamakula pakapita nthawi, pamapeto pake amatha kulephera kukhala paokha. Angatayenso luso loganiza, kulankhula, komanso kupanga zisankho paokha.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana za tsogolo ndi okondedwa anu akadali ndi matendawa, pamene wodwalayo akadali ndi chidziwitso. Ngati muli mumkhalidwe womwe simungathe kupanga zisankho, ndi njira yabwino kwa aliyense ngati mungathe kukambirana pasadakhale zisankho zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa zokhudza chithandizo chanu chamankhwala ndikukonzekera zikalata zalamulo.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zizindikiro zambiri zoyambirira za MSA ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

• Chisembwere.
• Chizungulire chosalekeza komanso kutaya chidziwitso akaimirira.
• Mavuto ogona, makamaka matenda opumira m'tulo.

Ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti muli ndi vuto la kuyenda ngati la Parkinson, ndikofunikira kukambirana za kusintha kulikonse kwa zizindikiro zanu. Makamaka ngati mankhwala (levodopa) a Parkinson sakugwira ntchito, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chakuti mwina muli ndi MSA.

MSA ndi matenda oopsa komanso oopsa. N’zoona kuti palibe mankhwala ake. Komabe, zizindikiro zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa. Kudzera mu chithandizochi, moyo wa wodwalayo ukhoza kusungidwa bwino kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi imeneyo ndi mwayi wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi okondedwa awo mosangalala ndikusangalala ndi moyo mokwanira.