Kodi mankhwala oletsa alpha ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala awa mwachidule!

Kodi dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena, ngati ndinu mwamuna, a kukula kwa prostate? Ngati ndi choncho, mwina mankhwalawa ndi alpha-blocker. Ngakhale dzinalo lingamveke lovuta pang'ono, awa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti athandize kuwongolera matenda ena m'thupi lathu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za alpha-blockers awa m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi ma alpha-blockers awa amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni tiganizire za njira yolankhulirana ya thupi lathu. Dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lili ngati utumiki wotumizira mauthenga. Limatumiza mauthenga a mankhwala (omwe timawatcha Neurotransmitters'') ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lathu. Kuti tilandire mauthengawa, maselo athu ali ndi ''ma receptor'' apadera. Ali ngati kiyi ndi loko. Seloyo imayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha uthenga wa mankhwala (kiyi) ukafika ndikulowa mu receptor yoyenera (loko) yomwe ndi yoyenera.

Ma alpha-receptors ndi mtundu wa ma receptor m'thupi lathu. Amapezeka makamaka m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi komanso m'malo monga prostate gland. Ma alpha-receptors awa akalandira uthenga, maselo amenewo amayamba kufooka. Mwachitsanzo, ma alpha-receptors m'mitsempha yamagazi akayamba kugwira ntchito, mitsempha yamagazi imachepa ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezeka.

Kotero, chimene alpha-blocker imachita ndi chakuti chili ngati kuyika kiyi yolakwika mu kamba ndikuitseka. Mankhwalawa amapita ndi kumamatira ku alpha-receptors amenewo ndikulepheretsa kuti alandire uthenga woyenera. Ndiko kuti, 'amatseka' ma receptor amenewo. Kenako maselo amenewo sagwirana, amamasuka. Maselo omwe ali m'mitsempha yamagazi akamasuka, mitsempha yamagazi imakula, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika. Minofu ya prostate ikamasuka, zimakhala zosavuta kukodza. Ndicho chimene chimachitika.

Mitundu ya ma alpha-receptors ndi ntchito zawo

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma alpha-receptors: alpha-1 (A1) ndi alpha-2 (A2). Onsewa ali ndi ntchito zosiyana pang'ono.

Kodi ma alpha-blockers amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?

Mankhwala amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

1. Kuthamanga kwa magazi (Kuthamanga kwa magazi)

Iyi ndiyo ntchito yaikulu. Monga tafotokozera kale, mankhwala oletsa magazi otchedwa alpha-blockers amatsitsimula mitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mankhwala monga Doxazosin, Prazosin, ndi Terazosin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa izi.

2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

BPH ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna akamakula. Pa vutoli, prostate gland imakula ndikukankhira mkodzo, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto monga kuvutika kukodza komanso kusunga mkodzo. Mankhwala oletsa alpha monga Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin, ndi Silodosin amamasula minofu ya prostate ndi khosi la chikhodzodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkodzo utuluke mosavuta.

3. Ntchito zina (Ntchito zopanda chizindikiro)

Nthawi zina, madokotala, kutengera zomwe akumana nazo komanso umboni wa zachipatala, amalemba mankhwala pa matenda ena osati omwe avomerezedwa. Izi zimatchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito 'osati chizindikiro'.

• Miyala ya Impso: Mankhwala monga Tamsulosin amaperekedwa kuti athandize miyala yaying'ono yomwe imamatirira mu mkodzo kuti idutse mosavuta.
• Matenda ovutitsa maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa (maloto oopsa okhudzana ndi PTSD): Mankhwala a Prazosin nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vutoli.
• Pheochromocytoma: Uwu ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe chimayamba m'matenda a adrenal ndipo chimapanga mahomoni ambiri. Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi zotupazi amaperekedwanso kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumachitika.

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Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa za alpha-blockers ndi ziti?

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala oletsa alpha-blockers amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala amasamala kwambiri akamapereka mankhwala awa. Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe mumakumana nazo zimatha kusiyana kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri ndi "zotsatira za mlingo woyamba." Mukamwa piritsi loyamba la alpha-blocker, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kutsika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zingayambitse chizungulire , kusawona bwino, komanso kumva ngati mukugwa mukayimirira (orthostatic hypotension) . Kuti muchepetse chiopsezochi, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakuuzani kuti mumwe mankhwalawo nthawi yogona ndikuyamba ndi mlingo wochepa.

Nazi zotsatirapo zina zofala:

• Chizungulire kapena kusawona bwino (makamaka akaima)
• Mutu
• Kumva kutopa
• Kutsekeka kwa mphuno
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (tachycardia)
• Zotsatira pa kugonana: Amuna ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa anejaculation. Nthawi zambiri, kupweteka kwa pokodza komwe kumatenga maola opitilira 4 (priapism) kumachitika. Ili ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chadzidzidzi.

Zinthu zofunika kukumbukira mukamamwa mankhwalawa

• Kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena: Mankhwala otchedwa Alpha-blockers amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena othamanga magazi, mankhwala ena oletsa kugonana, ndi mankhwala ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa.
• Kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa kungapangitse kuti munthu avutike kwambiri ndi zinthu monga chizungulire .
• Opaleshoni ya cataract: Ngati mukukonzekera kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya cataract, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu wa maso kuti mukumwa mankhwala oletsa alpha, chifukwa mankhwalawa angayambitse mavuto panthawi ya opaleshoni.
• Kusiya kumwa mankhwala: Musasiye kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse mavuto aakulu, monga rebound hypertension. Ngati mukufuna kusiya kumwa mankhwalawo, chitani izi mosamala komanso motsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Kodi muyenera kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mankhwalawo, kapena ngati zotsatirapo zake zikukuvutani kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kutaya chidziwitso kapena kukomoka
• Kupweteka pachifuwa ((Angina))
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kapena kosasinthasintha (kugunda kwa mtima)
• Kuuma kwa mbolo komwe kumatenga maola opitilira 4 ((Priapism))
• Zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la ziwengo (monga ziphuphu, kuyabwa, kutupa kwa nkhope/pakhosi, kuvutika kumeza)