N'zovuta kufotokoza chisoni chomwe mumamva mukaona wachibale kapena mnzanu wapamtima akuiwala pang'onopang'ono chilichonse ndipo akulephera kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku payekha. Matenda a Alzheimer ndi vuto lopweteka kwambiri. Mpaka pano, pakhala mankhwala okha omwe amawongolera zizindikiro, koma tsopano dziko lapansi likulankhula za chithandizo chatsopano chomwe chimayang'ana mwachindunji chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Lero tikulankhula za chiyembekezo chatsopanochi, chomwe ndi mankhwala oletsa matenda a Amyloid.
Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala oletsa Amyloid awa ndi otani?
Mu ubongo wa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer, mtundu wa puloteni wotchedwa `beta-amyloid` umasonkhana mosafunikira. Taganizirani ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu waya wamagetsi, momwe chidziwitso chimayendera pakati pa ma neuron muubongo wathu. Puloteni ya `beta-amyloid` imeneyo imasonkhana ndikupanga ma `plaques' ofanana ndi dzimbiri pakati pa maselo amitsempha awa. Izi zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka chidziwitso. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu aiwale komanso asathe kuganiza bwino.
Gulu latsopanoli la mankhwala, lotchedwa anti-amyloid, limagwira ntchito pochotsa ma plaque a `beta-amyloid' omwe asonkhanitsidwa muubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti limalimbana ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa m'malo mongoletsa zizindikiro. Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti pochotsa ma plaque amenewa, maselo a ubongo azitha kugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Izi kwenikweni zili m'gulu la mankhwala otchedwa `immunotherapy`. Kunena zoona, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati mtundu wa antibody (monoclonal antibody) wopangidwa mwapadera mu labotale. Pamene ma antibodies awa alowa m'matupi athu, amapeza mapuloteni owopsa a `beta-amyloid`, amawaphatikiza, ndikuwawononga.
Mankhwala awiri akuluakulu oletsa amyloid omwe avomerezedwa pano ndi `donanemab (Kisunla)` ndi `lecanemab-irmb (Leqembi)`. Palinso mankhwala otchedwa `aducanumab (Aduhelm)` koma tsopano achotsedwa pamsika ndi kampani yomwe idapanga mankhwalawa.
Kodi ndingapeze bwanji chithandizochi? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse?
Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu saline solution (IV infusion) mumtsempha. Izi zimatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. `Leqembi` nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndipo `Kisunla` nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa milungu inayi iliyonse. Mumayamba ndi mlingo wochepa kenako pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere mlingo womwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.
Koma muyenera kudziwa za chiopsezo chachikulu chomwe chimabwera ndi chithandizochi. Chimatchedwa `ARIA (Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities)`.
Mwachidule, izi zingayambitse kutupa muubongo kapena kutuluka magazi pang'ono muubongo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimatha zokha, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kuyesedwa ubongo nthawi zonse ndi MRI panthawi yonse ya chithandizochi.
| Mtundu wa zotsatira zoyipa | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| ARIA (chiopsezo chachikulu) | Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi pang'ono muubongo. Izi zingayambitse mutu, chizungulire, nseru, chisokonezo, komanso mavuto a maso. |
| Zotsatira zina zoyipa | - Matenda a ziwengo - Mathithi - Kutsegula m'mimba |
| Chisamaliro chapadera | Asayansi akuganiza kuti chithandizochi chingawonjezere chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi muubongo ngati chiperekedwa kwa munthu amene akumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi. |
Kodi mankhwalawa ndi othandiza bwanji?
Apa ndiye pali vuto. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuchotsa ma plaque a `beta-amyloid` muubongo. Ndi chinthu chabwino.
Komabe, pali kusiyana maganizo pankhani ya momwe kukumbukira ndi luso la wodwalayo lochita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zidzakhalire bwino akachotsa ma plaque amenewo. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti izi zitha kuchepetsa pang'ono kupitirira kwa matendawa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti matendawa achiritsidwa kwathunthu, koma kuti amachepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zingayembekezeredwe ngati chithandizochi chiyamba kumayambiriro kwa matendawa , ubongo usanawonongeke kwambiri.
Ndani angalandire chithandizochi?
Uwu si mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe kwa wodwala aliyense wa Alzheimer's. Pakadali pano, awa akulangizidwa kwa anthu ochepa okha.
- Kwa anthu omwe ali kumayambiriro kwa matendawa: Ndiko kuti, omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's kapena omwe ali ndi vuto lotchedwa 'mild cognitive impairment'. Sizikudziwikabe ngati izi zingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opitilira muyeso.
- Kwa omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi ma amyloid plaques:Dokotala wanu asanakupatseni mankhwala awa, ayenera kutsimikizira ngati ma plaque awa alipodi muubongo wanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kujambulidwa ndi PET kapena kupopera msana.
Ndani amene sangalandire chithandizochi?
Mankhwalawa sanaphunzirepo m'mayesero ambiri azachipatala, kotero kungakhale koopsa kupereka chithandizochi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto awa azaumoyo:
- Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana (kupatula aspirin).
- Anthu omwe adadwalapo matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko kale.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kutuluka magazi.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi.
Chinanso n'chakuti, mankhwala awa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri . M'dziko ngati Sri Lanka, zimakhala zovuta kwa anthu ambiri kupeza mankhwalawa. Izi sizikuchitika kawirikawiri pakadali pano.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa amyloid ndi mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala omwe amachotsa ma plaque a `beta-amyloid' omwe amasonkhana muubongo ndipo angayambitse matenda a Alzheimer's.
- Cholinga cha izi ndi kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa osati zizindikiro zake.
- Izi zitha kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali kumayambiriro kwa matendawa ndipo atsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi ma plaque muubongo.
- Chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kutupa kwa ubongo kapena kutuluka magazi kotchedwa ARIA, kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi MRI scans ndikofunikira panthawi ya chithandizo.
- Dziwani kuti chithandizochi chidakali mu gawo lofufuza, chokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo chikupezeka kwa anthu ochepa okha .
- Ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kuti akuuzeni zambiri komanso njira zochiritsira zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu.
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