Wina m'banja mwanu, kapena inu nokha, mwina mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Mwina munachita mantha pang'ono dokotala wanu atakupatsani mankhwala awa. Ndi zachilendo kuti mafunso monga "Kodi izi zidzawonjezera kutuluka magazi?", "Chingachitike ndi chiyani ndikachita molakwika?" abwere m'maganizo. Chifukwa chake, musachite mantha. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala ochepetsa magazi awa, kapena monga momwe amatchulidwira azachipatala, `(Anticoagulants)`, kuti timvetse bwino chilichonse.
Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana amenewa ndi chiyani?
Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya magazi kuundana. Anthu ena amawatcha kuti 'ochepetsa magazi'. Koma kwenikweni amachita osati 'kuchepetsa' magazi ngati madzi, koma kuchepetsa liwiro la magazi kuundana . Mankhwalawa amachita zinthu ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba ndi kuthandiza thupi lanu kusungunula magazi omwe alipo kale. Chinanso ndi kupewa magazi kuundana atsopano osafunikira kuti asapangidwe.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati jakisoni, madzi a m'mitsempha (IV), ndi mapiritsi omwa.
N’chifukwa chiyani tikufunika mankhwala amtunduwu?
Kawirikawiri, matupi athu akavulala, zimakhala bwino kuti magazi azithina. Izi zimaletsa kutuluka magazi ndipo bala limachira. Koma taganizirani, bwanji ngati magazi othina apangika mkati mwa mitsempha yathu popanda chifukwa?
Zili ngati galimoto yaikulu yomwe yakodwa mwadzidzidzi pamsewu wopanda magalimoto. Kenako, magalimoto ena omwe ali pamsewu sangathe kudutsa, chifukwa magazi oundanawa akulepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi.
Ngati magazi oundana omwe amapangidwa motere amayenda m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikukakamira mumtsempha wamagazi waung'ono womwe uli m'chiwalo chofunikira monga ubongo, mapapo, kapena mtima, zingayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri.
- Stroke: Imachitika chifukwa cha magazi kuundana omwe amapita ku ubongo ndikuutseka.
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Kuundana kwa magazi komwe kumatseka mtsempha waukulu wamagazi m'mapapo . Uwu ndi vuto loopsa lomwe lingayambitse imfa nthawi yomweyo.
- Matenda a Mtima: Amayambitsidwa ndi magazi kuundana omwe amatseka mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima.
Choncho, madokotala amapereka mankhwala a ``Anticoagulants'' awa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oopsa ngati amenewa.
| Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana | |
|---|---|
| Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (Atrial Fibrillation) | Popeza zipinda zapamwamba za mtima sizimapopa bwino, magazi amatha kusonkhana ndikuundana. Ngati magazi oundanawa apita ku ubongo, angayambitse ziwalo zopuwala. |
| Opaleshoni ya Valavu ya Mtima | Pambuyo poika ma valve ena opangidwa ndi mtima, pamakhala chiopsezo chakuti magazi amaundana pa valve. |
| Kubwezeretsa Chiuno/Bondo | Pambuyo pa opaleshoni imeneyi, magazi amaundana m'mitsempha yakuya ya miyendo. Vutoli limatchedwa Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Magazi amaundana omwe amatuluka mu DVT iyi amatha kupita ku mapapo. |
| Matenda Otsekereza Magazi | Anthu ena ali ndi matenda a majini omwe amachititsa kuti magazi awo aziuma mosavuta. Amafunikanso mankhwala awa. |
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Thupi lathu nthawi zonse limasunga bwino magazi akaundana komanso kupewa magazi kuundana. Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana amakhudza pang'ono kuuma kumeneku ndikufooketsa mbali yowuma magazi. Izi zimaletsa magazi kuundana osafunikira kuti asapangidwe. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mosiyana.
Jakisoni ndi mankhwala a IV
Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala, pamene pakufunika zotsatira zachangu.
- Heparin: Izi zimagwira ntchito poyambitsa puloteni yotchedwa `(Antithrombin)` yomwe imaletsa magazi kuundana m'thupi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izi. Chimodzi ndi chachangu kwambiri, koma muyenera kuyang'ana magazi anu nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti mlingo wake ndi woyenera. Mtundu wina wa `(Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin - LMWH)` umagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, koma n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti umagwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuyang'ana magazi anu pafupipafupi.
- Zoletsa Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Mwachindunji: Izi zimaletsa mwachindunji puloteni yotchedwa `(Thrombin)` yomwe imathandiza magazi kuundana.
Mitundu ya mapiritsi omwa
Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amalemba kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Warfarin: Iyi ndi mankhwala akale omwe anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu amagwiritsa ntchito. Imagwira ntchito poletsa kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini K, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti magazi aziundana. Mlingo wake ndi wofunikira kwambiri mukatenga Warfarin. Ngati mupitirira muyeso, chiopsezo chotuluka magazi chikhoza kuwonjezeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amayesa magazi anu (INR test) ndikusintha mlingo.
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kutuluka kwa Magazi Ochokera M'kamwa Mwachindunji (DOACs): Awa ndi mankhwala atsopano. Zitsanzo ndi monga `(Dabigatran)`, `(Apixaban)`, `(Rivaroxaban)`. Izi sizifuna kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi monga Warfarin.
Choopsa kwambiri! Kodi zotsatira zake ndi mavuto ake ndi ziti?
Choopsa chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri cha mankhwala aliwonse oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi ndi kutuluka magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kudula pang'ono kungatenge nthawi yayitali kuti magazi asiye kutuluka, ndipo mutha kuvulala mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Zotsatirapo/zovuta zinazake zomwe zingakhalepo |
|---|---|
| Warfarin |
|
| Heparin | |
| Mankhwala Oletsa Kutsekeka kwa Magazi Ochokera M'kamwa Mwachindunji (DOACs) |
Kodi muyenera kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo liti?
Monga munthu amene amamwa mankhwala awa, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi izi, chifukwa ngakhale ngozi yaying'ono ingakhale yoopsa.
Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:
- Ngati kutuluka magazi m'kamwa, m'mphuno, kapena pachilonda chaching'ono sikutha .
- Ngati mukumva mabala mosavuta kuposa nthawi zonse kapena mukumva mabala popanda chifukwa.
- Ngati mukumva chizungulire, kufooka, kapena kutopa kwambiri.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo:
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri! Ngati munthu akumwa mankhwalawa agwa, makamaka ngati wagunda mutu, ngakhale palibe kutuluka magazi kunja, akhoza kutuluka magazi mkati mwa ubongo. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri!
- Kugwa kulikonse, makamaka ngati mwagunda mutu, kuyenera kunenedwa ku ETU nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale palibe kuvulala kooneka.
- Ngati mwachita ngozi ya galimoto kapena mwagundidwa ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndipo mwavulala kwambiri .
- Kupweteka mutu mwadzidzidzi kapena m'mimba.
- Kusanza magazi (makamaka ngati akuoneka ngati khofi wophikidwa) kapena kutsokomola magazi.
- Magazi mu mkodzo (mkodzo umasintha kukhala lalanje, wofiira, kapena bulauni) kapena magazi mu ndowe (ndowe umasintha kukhala wofiira kapena wakuda ngati phula).
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi ndi ofunika kwambiri omwe angathandize kupulumutsa miyoyo. Dokotala wanu amakulemberani mankhwalawo pazifukwa zomveka.
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mankhwala awa ndi kutuluka magazi. Nthawi zonse dziwani zizindikiro zochenjeza za kutuluka magazi.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.
- Mukapita kwa dokotala, dokotala wa mano chifukwa cha matenda ena aliwonse, kapena opaleshoni, onetsetsani kuti mwawauza kuti mukumwa mankhwala awa.
- Ngati mwagwa kapena kugunda mutu, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukumva kupweteka kulikonse.
- Ngati mukumwa Warfarin, ndikofunikira kuti muyesedwe magazi a INR pa tsiku lomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.
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