Kodi mukumwa mankhwala a ziwengo? Dziwani izi zokhudza mankhwala oletsa kutupa!

Kodi mumakokanso nthawi zambiri? Kodi mumatuluka madzi m'mphuno mukadzuka m'mawa? Kapena maso anu amafiira ndi kuyabwa? Nthawi zina mwadzidzidzi mumayamba kuyabwa ndi kukanda thupi lanu. Izi ndi zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha "zifukwa zoyambitsa ziwengo." Nthawi zina ngati izi, nthawi zambiri timapita ku pharmacy ndikupempha "piritsi la ziwengo." Umenewo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe timamwa otchedwa antihistamines. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala awa, momwe amagwirira ntchito, mitundu yawo, zotsatira zake, ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo mukamawagwiritsa ntchito.

Mwachidule, kodi ma antihistamine awa ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi histamine ndi gulu la mankhwala, monga paracetamol ndi aspirin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi ziwengo . Amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri pazinthu zomwe takambirana pamwambapa, monga mphuno yotuluka madzi, kuyetsemula, maso oyabwa ndi khungu.

Koma mankhwala amtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa ziwengo, komanso pa matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, pali mankhwala ena m'gululi a matenda ena am'mimba, monga gastritis.

Mutha kugula mankhwala ambiri oletsa kupharmacy popanda chilolezo cha dokotala. Timawatcha kuti (On-the-counter - OTC) mankhwala. Komanso, pali mankhwala amphamvu oletsa kupha omwe dokotala amatipatsa. Sitingagule okha mankhwalawa ku pharmacy.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ndi mapiritsi ena omwe timamwa a chimfine ndi chifuwa alinso ndi mankhwala oletsa kupha.

Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?

Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa kuti histamine ndi chiyani.

Ganizirani za histamine ngati mthenga waung'ono m'thupi lathu. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimapanga mthenga uyu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutumiza uthenga ku maselo ena wokhudza chinthu chovulaza kapena choopseza thupi.

Tsopano, tiyeni tiwone momwe mumapezera vuto la ziwengo. Chinthu chomwe muli nacho (chomwe timachitcha kuti ziwengo) chikalowa m'thupi lanu, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimaganiza kuti, "Wow, pali mdani wamkulu pano!" Kenako dongosololi limayamba kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndipo limatulutsa ma histamine ambiri nthawi imodzi.

Histamine iyi imapita ndikutumiza mauthenga ku maselo m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

• "Maselo a m'mphuno amauzidwa kuti, 'Yambani kupanga madzi mwachangu!'" Pamenepo ndi pomwe madziwo amatuluka m'mphuno.
• "Imauza maselo omwe ali pakhungu kuti, 'Yambani kukanda!'" Pamenepo thupi limayamba kukanda.
• "Amauza maso kuti, 'Ndi ofiira, gwetsani misozi!'" Pamenepo masowo amafiira ndi kuyabwa.

Mankhwala oletsa histamineMawuwo amatanthauza "kutsutsa histamine." Chomwe mankhwalawa amachita ndikuletsa uthenga womwe umabwera ndi messenger wotchedwa histamine kuti usafike m'maselo. Zili ngati kudula kuyimba pamene ikubwera. Kenako zizindikiro za ziwengozo zimachepa pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba ndi iti?

Madokotala amagawa mankhwala oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, kutengera ma histamine receptors omwe amaletsa. Taganizirani ngati pali mitundu iwiri ya ma antenna m'thupi lathu omwe amatha kulandira mauthenga awa a histamine.

1. Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi histamine omwe amagwira ntchito pa ma H1 receptors

2. Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi histamine omwe amagwira ntchito pa ma H2 receptors

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu iyi padera.

Mankhwala oletsa chifuwa a H1

Ma H1 receptors awa amafalikira m'thupi lathu lonse, makamaka m'maselo a mitsempha, m'magawo opumira, ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi. Pakakhala vuto la ziwengo, histamine imamangirira ku ma H1 receptors awa. Apa ndi pomwe zizindikiro zonse za ziwengo zomwe timadziwa zimayamba. Chifukwa chake, zomwe H1 antihistamines imachita ndikuletsa ma H1 receptors awa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a H1 awa ndi:

• Matenda a chifuwa cha m'mphuno - Timachitcha kuti chimfine chomwe chimabwera ndi nyengo yozizira.
• Matenda a maso omwe amachititsa ziwengo (Allergic conjunctivitis)
• Matenda a pakhungu, eczema ndi ziphuphu (Atopic dermatitis)
• Matenda a m'mphuno (Sinusitis)
• Ziphuphu
• Kusanza ndi kuyenda - Mankhwala amtundu uwu amaperekedwanso pochiza kusanza ndi nseru mukamayenda m'mabasi kapena m'magalimoto.
• Kusowa tulo - Nthawi zina madokotala amalimbikitsanso mtundu uwu wa mankhwala kuti akuthandizeni kugona.

Mankhwala oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a H1 awa amagawidwanso m'magulu awiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndi bwino kudziwa mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.

1. Mankhwala oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a H1 a m'badwo woyamba

Awa ndi mankhwala oyamba oletsa kutupa omwe apezeka. Khalidwe lawo lalikulu ndilakuti amayambitsa kugona. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kudutsa mosavuta chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo chomwe chimateteza ubongo wathu ndikulowa mu ubongo. Ndicho chifukwa chake timamva kutopa komanso kugona tikamamwa.

• Zitsanzo: Chlorpheniramine - (mankhwala omwe ambiri amadziwika kuti 'Piriton' ku Sri Lanka ali m'gulu ili), Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine.

2. Mankhwala oletsa kupha ma H1 a m'badwo wachiwiri

Izi ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe angoyambitsidwa kumene komanso okonzedwa bwino. Ubwino waukulu wa izi ndi wakuti kugona tulo kumachepa kwambiri kapena kutheratu.Izi sizingadutse mosavuta chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo, kotero nthawi zambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndi zotetezeka.

• Zitsanzo: Cetirizine, Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine.

Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba a H2

Ma H2 receptors amapezeka makamaka m'maselo omwe amatulutsa asidi m'mimba mwathu. Pamene asidi m'mimba akuwonjezeka, matenda monga gastritis, kutentha pamtima, ndi acid reflux zimachitika.

Mankhwala oletsa ma H2 oletsa ma H2 awa ndi kuchepetsa kupanga asidi m'mimba.

Ntchito zazikulu za izi ndi izi:

• Matenda a zilonda zam'mimba
• Gastritis ndi GERD (chronic acid reflux)
• Matenda a Zollinger-Ellison

• Zitsanzo: Famotidine, Cimetidine.

Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antihistamine!

Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiri oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amapezeka pa kauntala, tiyenera kusamala kwambiri tikamawagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, angayambitse mavuto aakulu.

Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala oletsa antihistamine ndi ziti?

Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwala oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Komabe, si aliyense amene amalandira mankhwalawa. Zotsatirapo zake zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala.

Zochitika ndi zoopsa zomwe zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera

Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa zotsatirazi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala musanamwe mankhwala oletsa antihistamine.

• Matenda a shuga
• Kukulitsa prostate kapena kuvutika kukodza
• Khunyu
• Matenda a mtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Glaucoma (kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'diso)
• Hyperthyroidism

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kumwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa mopitirira muyeso, makamaka a m'badwo woyamba omwe amayambitsa kugona, kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika molakwika kapena zikamwedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga mapiritsi ogonetsa.

Zizindikiro za overdose:

• Kugona tulo topitirira muyeso
• Kuona zinthu molakwika
• Kusakhazikika kwambiri komanso kukwiya mwa ana
• Maso osawoneka bwino
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia)
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu

Kodi izi ndizoyenera amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa?

Ngati muli ndi pakati, mukufuna kutenga pakati, kapena kuyamwitsa, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wapeza kuti mankhwala ena oletsa kutupa ndi otetezeka panthawi ya mimba, dokotala wanu adzasankha zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu ndi mwana wanu.