Kodi mumadwalanso ma hives mukakhudza fumbi? Kapena mwadzidzidzi mumayamba kuyabwa ndikuyamba kutupa? Nthawi ngati izi, ambiri aife timazolowera kupita ku pharmacy kukapempha "piritsi la ziwengo." Inde, mankhwalawa amapereka mpumulo mwachangu. Koma, kodi tikudziwa bwanji za mankhwala omwe timagwiritsa ntchito, omwe ndi antihistamines? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi molondola komanso mosavuta.
Kodi antihistamine iyi ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, mankhwala oletsa kutupa ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi ("anti" amatanthauza "motsutsana") mankhwala omwe ali m'thupi lathu otchedwa histamine .
Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti histamine iyi ndi chiyani. Histamine ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Chimodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndikukonzekeretsa thupi lathu kuti lithane ndi chinthu choopsa, 'allergen'. Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse ziwengo ndi izi:
- Zinthu zomwe zili m'chilengedwe: fumbi, mungu, dander ya ziweto, nkhungu.
- Kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.
- Zakudya zina.
- Mankhwala ena.
Chinthu chonga ichi chikakhudza thupi, histamine imayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo imayambitsa zizindikiro monga kuyetsemula, mphuno yotuluka madzi, maso oyabwa, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi. Choncho chimene antihistamine imachita ndikuletsa ntchito ya histamine imeneyo. Sikuti zokhazo, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamavuto ena am'mimba.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiri oletsa kutupa amapezeka popanda chilolezo cha dokotala (OTC), ena amafunika kuti dokotala awapatse mankhwala. Komanso, mankhwala ambiri omwe timamwa chifukwa cha chimfine ndi chifuwa alinso ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa.
Kodi pali mitundu ina ya ma antihistamine?
Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala oletsa kutupa, kutengera ndi cholandirira cha histamine chomwe amagwira ntchito.
1. Zomwe zimaletsa ma H1 receptors: Izi ndi zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri pa ziwengo.
2. Zoletsa ma H2 receptor: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa matenda monga kutupa m'mimba ndi gastritis.
Mankhwala oletsa chifuwa cha H1 - mankhwala ochizira ziwengo
Ma H1 receptors amenewa amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse m'thupi lathu. M'malo monga maselo a muubongo, njira zopumira, ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zikayamba kuyambitsidwa, zizindikiro za ziwengo zomwe takambiranazi zimawonekera. Chifukwa chake, zizindikirozi zimawongoleredwa ndi mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a H1.
| Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a H1 | |
|---|---|
| Matenda a chifuwa cha mphumu (Allergy rhinitis) | Kuthimula pafupipafupi, mphuno yotuluka madzi. |
| Kufiira kwa maso (Allergy conjunctivitis) | Matenda a ziwengo amayambitsa maso ofiira, oyabwa, komanso otuluka madzi. |
| Matenda a khungu | Mwachitsanzo: Zilonda, ziphuphu, kuyabwa. |
| Kusanza ndi nseru | Kwa matenda oyenda mukakhala paulendo. |
Mankhwala oletsa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a H1 awa agawidwanso m'magulu awiri. Monga mibadwo iwiri: Mibadwo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri .
Mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a m'badwo woyamba
Izi ndi zoyamba kupezeka, ndipo ndi zakale pang'ono. Vuto lalikulu ndi izi ndikuti zimayambitsa tulo tambiri . Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti mankhwalawa amalowa mosavuta muubongo mwathu. Piriton (Chlorpheniramine) ndi mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu ili ndipo tonse timawadziwa.
Mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a m'badwo wachiwiri
Izi ndi mitundu yatsopano komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Sizigona kapena sizimapatsa mpumulo. Choncho n'zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mukakhala kuntchito kapena mukuphunzira. Cetirizine, Loratadine, ndi Fexofenadine ndi zitsanzo za mtundu uwu wa mankhwala.
Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba a H2 - mankhwala ochizira matenda a m'mimba
Ma H2 receptors amenewa amapezeka makamaka m'maselo omwe amapanga asidi m'mimba mwathu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma H2 antihistamines awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavuto am'mimba.
- Matenda a m'mimba
- GERD (chronic acid reflux) - Izi zikutanthauza kuti asidi m'mimba amakwera pakhosi.
- Matenda a zilonda zam'mimba
Mankhwala monga Famotidine ndi Cimetidine ali m'gulu ili.
Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa?
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Si mankhwala onse oletsa kupha tizilombo omwe ali ofanana. Chifukwa chake,
- Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa: Mapiritsi ena amafunika kumwedwa ndi chakudya. Ena akhoza kumwedwa okha. Ngati ndi madontho a m'maso kapena kirimu, muyenera kudziwa njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito.
- Mlingo: Mlingo umasiyana malinga ndi zaka, kulemera, ndi mtundu wa mankhwala. Imwani kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti mumwe.
- Nthawi yoti mutenge: Ena ndi kamodzi patsiku. Ena amafunika kumwedwa kangapo patsiku. Ngati muli ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amakupangitsani kugona, ndi bwino kumwa usiku musanagone.
- Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Mankhwala ena angatengedwe mosalekeza, koma ena amalimbikitsidwa kwa masiku ochepa okha.
Chofunika kwambiri: Njira yotetezeka kwambiri ndikufunsa dokotala wanu mankhwala ndi mlingo woyenera kwa inu.
Musachite zinthu izi!
- Musawonjezere mlingo kawiri. Musamwe mapiritsi awiri nthawi imodzi kuti mubwezeretse mlingo womwe munaphonya.
- Musamwe mankhwala pasadakhale.
- Musamwe mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala oletsa kutupa nthawi imodzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Musapatse ana osakwana zaka 4 mankhwala oletsa chimfine popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Musayendetse galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina pamene mukumwa mankhwala oletsa kugona (oyambitsa tulo) . Izi zingayambitse ngozi.
Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala oletsa antihistamine ndi ziti?
Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake, koma amasiyana malinga ndi munthu.
| Mtundu wa antihistamine | Zotsatirapo zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Mbadwo woyamba (mitundu yogona) | Kugona kwambiri, pakamwa ndi maso ouma, kusawona bwino, chizungulire, komanso kuvutika kukodza. |
| Mbadwo wachiwiri (mitundu yosagona mokwanira) | Mutu, chifuwa, pakhosi, kupweteka m'mimba. (Kumwa mankhwala ambiri kungayambitse kugona). |
| Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba otchedwa H2 (omwe amaletsa kupweteka m'mimba) | Izi zili ndi zotsatirapo zochepa, koma anthu ena amatha kutopa, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, komanso mutu. |
Zoopsa ndi zovuta
Ngakhale kuti amapezeka mosavuta m'ma pharmacy, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala oopsa ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso . Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka chikamwedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi mapiritsi ogonetsa.
Zizindikiro za overdose:
- Kugona tulo toopsa
- Kuona zinthu zomwe sizikuwoneka (Hallucinations)
- Kusakhazikika (makamaka pakati pa ana)
- Maso osawoneka bwino
- Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia)
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukupeza zizindikiro izi, pitani ku chipatala mwamsanga ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU). Kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso kungayambitse imfa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi poizoni, imbani National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital.
Komanso, ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa zotsatirazi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala oletsa antihistamine.
- Matenda a shuga
- Mavuto a prostate (prostate yokulirapo)
- Khunyu
- Matenda a mtima
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Glaucoma
- Mavuto a chithokomiro
Kodi ndi yotetezeka panthawi ya mimba komanso kwa amayi oyamwitsa?
Ngati muli ndi pakati, mukufuna kutenga pakati, kapena kuyamwitsa, ndibwino kufunsa dokotala musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ena oletsa kutsekula m'mimba apezeka kuti ndi otetezeka panthawi ya mimba, dokotala wanu ayenera kusankha chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Dziwani bwino ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yogona kapena yosagona.
- Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu kapena malangizo omwe ali pa phukusi la mankhwala. Musamwe mankhwala opitirira mlingo womwe walembedwa.
- Samalani kwambiri mukamapatsa ana ndi anthu azaka zopitirira 65 mankhwala oletsa kutupa. Funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
- Ngati mutenga mankhwala oletsa kugona omwe amayambitsa tulo, pewani kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina oopsa.
- Ngati muli ndi matenda ena, muli ndi pakati, kapena ndinu mayi woyamwitsa, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba.
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