N’chifukwa chiyani nthawi zina mankhwala sagwira ntchito? (Kukana Mankhwala Oletsa Mabakiteriya) Tiyeni tiphunzire mosavuta!

Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti, "Ayi, nthawi ino mankhwala sathetsa matendawa?" Kapena kodi mudakumanapo ndi vuto pamene mudapitiliza kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu adakupatsani, koma matenda anu sanathe? Mwina chifukwa chake ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Lero tikambirana za nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Imeneyi ndi vuto lodziwika kuti Antimicrobial Resistance .

Kodi Kukana Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa Ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kulephera kwa mankhwala kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti ndi tating'ono kwambiri, tosaoneka. Nthawi zambiri timati "majeremusi." Izi zikuphatikizapo mabakiteriya, bowa, mavairasi, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kukana mankhwala opha tizilomboti kukakula, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa madokotala kuchiza matenda ena.

Taganizirani izi motere. Pamene kachilombo kamene kakulowetsedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mankhwala omwewo, kamakhala "kolimba" nawo. Monga ife, amapeza njira zodzitetezera. Amasintha matupi awo, kuwapangitsa kukhala okhoza kuthawa mankhwala omwe kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwapha kapena kuwaletsa kuti asachuluke. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha "kulimba." Pali majeremusi omwe sali olimba ku mankhwala amodzi okha, komanso ku mankhwala angapo. Timawatcha "superbugs."

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kukana maantibayotiki kumeneku kuchitike m'majeremusi, osati m'thupi lanu. Si thupi lanu lomwe limakhala losamva mankhwala, koma ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matendawa omwe amakhala osamva mankhwala.

Kodi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa ndi ati?

Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda. Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya mankhwala awa:

• Maantibayotiki: Awa amaperekedwa pa matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya.
• Mankhwala oletsa bowa: Mankhwala operekedwa pa matenda a bowa.
• Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Mankhwala operekedwa ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mankhwala operekedwa ku malungo).
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Mankhwala operekedwa pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi (monga matenda monga chimfine).

Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa amagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuti tisafalikire. Nthawi zina amalowa m'maselo a tizilomboto n'kuukira ziwalo zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilomboto tikudwalitseni, kapena amaukira ziwalo zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilomboto tidzipangire tokha tokha.

Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi. Muli kukhitchini mukuphika. Ndikufuna kukuletsani. Kenako nditha kulowa kukhitchini yanu ndikuwononga chosakaniza chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito kuphika chakudya, kapena kukuletsani kugwiritsa ntchito chitofu.

Choncho, akangoyamba kukana maantibayotiki, amatha kuchita zinthu monga:

• Ndingathe kuletsa (ndiye kuti, mankhwala) kuti asalowe m'khitchini (ndiye kuti, selo la kachilombo).
• Mungathe kunditulutsa kukhitchini.
• Ndikhoza kuwononga zida (zosakaniza zomwe zili mu mankhwala) zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito poletsa munda wawo.
• Ndikhoza kusintha zinthu zomwe ndikuzifuna (zigawo za kachilombo) kuti zida zanga (mankhwala) zisagwire ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, amasintha zosakaniza zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pang'ono, kapena amasintha chitofu kuti ndisachitseke.
• Amasintha momwe amakonzera chakudya, mwina pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana kapena kuphika mbale popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chitofu.

Kodi kukana kwa maantibayotiki kumeneku kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe mankhwala sangagwire ntchito chifukwa cha kusamva maantibayotiki:

• Mankhwalawa amaletsa kachilomboka kulowa m'selo, ngati chitseko chotsekedwa.
• Mankhwala omwe analowa mu kachilomboka amakankhidwira kunja.
• Mankhwalawo amasintha kapena amawononga.
• Amasintha gawo la kachilomboka, kotero mankhwalawo sangawagwiritse ntchito.
• Amapeza njira yokhalira ndi moyo kapena kubereka m'njira yatsopano yomwe siili ndi chochita ndi mankhwala.

Kodi mitundu yanji ya kukana maantibayotiki ndi yotani?

Kukana mankhwala kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: kukana kwamkati ndi kukana kwakunja/kopezeka . Tikamalankhula za "kukana mankhwala," tikutanthauza kukana kumeneku komwe kwapezeka.

• Kukana kwa mkati: Izi zikutanthauza kuti majeremusi ena ali ndi mphamvu yachibadwa yolimbana ndi mankhwala enaake. Ndi khalidwe lachibadwa la kachilomboka. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ili ndi khoma la maselo lolimba kwambiri lomwe maantibayotiki ena sangalowemo.
• Kukana kwapadera (Kukana kwakunja): Apa ndi pamene bakiteriya imadzisintha yokha kenako n’kukhala yosagonja ku mankhwala omwe kale ankagwira ntchito. Bakiteriya ikalowa m’thupi, kusintha kumeneku kumaperekedwa kwa ana ake. Komanso, mabakiteriya ena amatha kupatsira kusinthaku kwa mabakiteriya ena omwe ali pafupi nawo. Izi zimatchedwa (horizontal gene transfer) .

Zitsanzo zina za kukana maantibayotiki

Nazi zitsanzo zina za kusamva kwa maantibayotiki:

• Mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki: Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mabakiteriya monga (MRSA - Staphylococcus aureus yokana Methicillin), (CREs - Enterobacteriales yokana Carbapenem), ndi (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
• Bowa wogonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala opha mavairasi: Zitsanzo zake ndi monga (Candida auris) ndi (Aspergillus fumigatus).
• Mavairasi omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Zitsanzo ndi monga HIV, fuluwenza, ndi mitundu ina ya kachilombo ka Hepatitis C.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe sitingathe kupirira mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa malungo, leishmaniasis, ndi trypanosomiasis.

Koma kumbukirani izi. Kungoti muli ndi matenda omwe ali pamndandandawu sizikutanthauza kuti ndi matenda osamva mankhwala. Pali mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe simva mankhwala, ndipo pali mitundu yachibadwa yomwe simva mankhwala.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha kusamvana kwa maantibayotiki ndi chiyani?

Majeremusi amakula kukana mankhwala osati pa chifukwa chimodzi, koma pazifukwa zambiri. Nthawi zina, amasintha mwachibadwa, zomwe zimawalola kukhala limodzi ndi zamoyo zina. Nthawi zina, amapanga njira zodzitetezera ku mankhwala. Majeremusi akamafalikira, kusintha kumeneku komwe kumawathandiza kukana mankhwala kumaperekedwa kwa mbadwo wawo wotsatira.

Kawirikawiri, kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo kumeneku kumakula kwambiri m'zipatala ndi m'zipatala. Chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amenewo, mabakiteriya makamaka amakhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwalawo. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kupewa.

Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu ulimi (monga kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa mbewu, kupereka mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku ziweto) ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matendawa asapitirire.

Kodi tingapewe bwanji kukana kwa maantibayotiki kumeneku?

Pali malangizo enieni omwe ogwira ntchito zachipatala, kuphatikizapo madokotala ndi anamwino, ayenera kutsatira kuti apewe kukana kwa maantibayotiki. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse.
• Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalo.
• Kupereka mankhwala opha mabakiteriya okha ( mankhwala opha mabakiteriya sathandiza pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, mwachitsanzo, chimfine).
• Kuyeretsa bwino zida zachipatala.
• Kuunika odwala ndi alendo kuchipatala ngati pali kukayikiridwa kuti kachilombo kosagwira ntchito kakufalikira.
• Kuika anthu m'malo otetezedwa/kuwaika m'malo otetezedwa kuti asafalikire kwa ena.

Ngakhale madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala akuchita izi, palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muthandize pa izi.

Zinthu zomwe mungachite:

• Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, monga momwe mwalangizidwira, komanso panthawi yake.
• Makamaka mukamamwa maantibayotiki , onetsetsani kuti mwamaliza chithandizo chonse chomwe dokotala wakupatsani.Ngakhale mutamva bwino patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo. Ngati mutatero, majeremusi omwe sanafe kwathunthu akhoza kukhala amphamvu kachiwiri ndikuyamba kukana mankhwalawo.
• Musamwe mankhwala opha majeremusi pokhapokha ngati mukuwafunadi. Matenda ambiri opumira, monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza, amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi. Mankhwala opha majeremusi sachiritsa. Choncho musakakamize dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni mankhwala opha majeremusi .
• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a anthu ena. Mankhwala operekedwa kwa mnzanu sangagwire ntchito kwa inu.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosavuta zomwe zingathandize kupewa matenda ambiri.

Kodi mumayesa bwanji ngati muli ndi kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo?

Ngati muli ndi matenda omwe sakuyankha mankhwala, dokotala wanu angaganize kuti muli ndi matenda osatha. Kenako angayese mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala motsutsana ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa. (Izi zimachitika potenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu kapena madzi ena amthupi.) Izi zingawathandize kupeza mankhwala omwe angagwire ntchito pa matenda anu. Koma mayesowa nthawi zina amatenga nthawi.

Kodi mumachiza bwanji matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kosagwirizana ndi maantibayotiki?

Mabakiteriya osagwira maantibayotiki ndi owopsa kwambiri chifukwa ndi ovuta kuwachiza. Madokotala amayesa kupeza mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya omwe adayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina mungafunike kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maantibayotiki pamodzi.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda osagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki?

Mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda osachiritsika ngati:

• Ngati muli ndi catheter, chubu chopumira, kapena chubu chodyetsera m'thupi lanu, majeremusi amatha kulowa mosavuta m'thupi lanu kudzera mu izi.
• Ngati mwakhala mukumwa maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena ngati mumawagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kukhala ndi maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera mwayi woti mabakiteriya akhale ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi matendawa. Izi zitha kupha mabakiteriya "abwino" (osavulaza) m'thupi lanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti majeremusi ena achuluke kwambiri ndikuyambitsa matenda.
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikufooka chifukwa cha matenda enaake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, khansa ya m'magazi, kapena matenda a shuga, kapena ngati mwaikidwa chiwalo kapena mwaikidwa maselo oyambira. Pazifukwa izi, thupi lanu limakhala ndi nthawi yovuta yolimbana ndi matenda.
• Ngati mwakhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali kapena m'chipatala chosamalira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali.Majeremusi amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zosatha m'malo azaumoyo.

Pomaliza, ndiyenera kunena...

Madokotala ndi asayansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apeze njira zothetsera vuto la kukana mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Koma tonsefe tingachite gawo lathu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, ndipo pokhapokha ngati mukuwafunadi, makamaka maantibayotiki . Ngati mukusamalira munthu yemwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, kapena munthu amene ali kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala cha nthawi yayitali, samalani kwambiri. Kumbukirani, ngakhale zinthu zazing'ono monga kusamba m'manja kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu. Tiyeni tonse tigwirizane kuti tithane ndi vutoli.

Kukana maantibayotiki , Kukana maantibayotiki, majeremusi, mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa, mankhwala, matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda