Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati muli nokha? Kumva kumeneku n'koona makamaka kwa munthu amene akuvutika ndi matenda aakulu amisala. Kugonekedwa m'chipatala pafupipafupi, mankhwala ambiri, komanso kuopa kudzipatula... Ndi zonsezi, kukhala moyo wabwinobwino kungaoneke ngati maloto. "N'chifukwa chiyani izi zikundichitikira?" Pali nthawi zambiri zomwe mumadabwa. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali pulogalamu yapadera yothandizira anthu yomwe imathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto awa, m'nyumba zawo komanso m'dera lomwe amakhala? Ndicho chomwe timachitcha kuti Assertive Community Treatment, kapena ACT mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi ACT iyi ndi chiyani?
ACT ndi njira yomwe imapereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu amisala mdera lomwe amakhala, kutanthauza kunyumba, kuntchito, kapena m'malo omwe amakhala, osati kuchipatala kapena ku bungwe lina.
Taganizirani izi motere. Muli ndi gulu laling'ono la madokotala omwe adzipereka kwa inu, akusamalira zosowa zanu. M'malo mokupangitsani kuti mubwere ku chipatala kuti mukawaone, gulu ili limabwera kwa inu ndikukuthandizani komwe muli. Zili ngati gulu la zaumoyo. Gulu ili limaphatikizapo akatswiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
- Madokotala a zamaganizo: Amayesa momwe maganizo anu alili ndipo amakulemberani mankhwala ofunikira.
- Akatswiri a zamaganizo: Perekani chithandizo cha maganizo ndikuthandizani kukonza thanzi lanu la maganizo.
- Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko: Amakuthandizani kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto anu a chikhalidwe, monga mavuto a nyumba ndi mavuto azachuma.
- Anamwino olembetsedwa: Yang'anani thanzi lanu ndikutsimikiza kuti mukumwa mankhwala anu moyenera.
- Akatswiri ochiza matenda awiri: Nthawi zina matenda amisala amatha kuchitika limodzi ndi chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa. Amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuchiza matenda onse awiri nthawi imodzi.
- Oyang'anira milandu: Amakonza dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ndikuonetsetsa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino.
Cholinga chachikulu cha gululi sikuti ndikungokupatsani mankhwala okha, koma ndikukupatsani chithandizo chonse chomwe mukufunikira kuti mukhale bwino komanso mosangalala m'dera lanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kukuthandizani kupeza ntchito, kuthandiza ntchito zapakhomo, komanso kuzolowera kukwera basi.
Chofunika kwambiri, gululi limamanga ubale wolimba kwambiri ndi inu. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikukupangitsani kumva ngati simuli nokha.
Palinso mbali ina ya izi , Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT).Yapangidwa makamaka kuti ithandize anthu omwe amangidwa, kumangidwa, kapena kutsekeredwa m'ndende chifukwa cha matenda aakulu amisala.
Kodi chithandizo cha ACT ichi ndi choyenera kwa ndani?
Chithandizochi si cha aliyense. Chapangidwira makamaka anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amisala. Izi ndi izi:
- Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mavuto amisala pafupipafupi ndipo amafunika kugonekedwa m'chipatala: Pali anthu ena omwe amamva bwino kwakanthawi, koma kenako amagonekedwanso m'chipatala. ACT ingathandize kwambiri kuthetsa vutoli.
- Kwa iwo omwe akukumana ndi mavuto azamalamulo: Kwa iwo omwe mosadziwa amachita zinthu zosaloledwa ndipo amangidwa chifukwa cha matenda amisala.
- Kwa iwo omwe alibe pokhala kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chosowa pokhala: Dongosololi ndi lothandiza kwambiri kwa iwo omwe alibe pokhala komanso omwe ali pamavuto.
ACT nthawi zambiri imapindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala oopsa, monga awa:
- Matenda ofanana ndi a Schizophrenia (Schizophrenia spectrum disorders) Schizophrenia Matenda a umunthu wa Schizotypal
- Matenda osokonezeka maganizo Matenda a Schizophreniform Matenda a Schizoaffective
- Matenda a Bipolar
- Matenda a Borderline Personality
Munthu amene akudwala matendawa ndi banja lake okha ndi amene amadziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kukhala ndi matendawa. ACT ndi chiwalitsiro chachikulu kwa iwo.
Chabwino, kodi pulogalamu ya ACT iyi imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Pulogalamu ya ACT imatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, chifukwa imapangidwira zosowa zanu komanso zolinga zanu pa moyo wanu. Koma nthawi zambiri, cholinga chake ndikubwera kwa inu komwe muli ndikukuthandizani momwe mukufunira.
Tiyeni tiwone mautumiki omwe mungapeze kuchokera ku gulu ili. Izi zikupatsani lingaliro labwino la zomwe dongosololi limachita.
| Mtundu wa utumiki | Kufotokozera kosavuta kwa chithandizo chomwe chalandiridwa |
|---|---|
| Chithandizo cha matenda amisala | Timaonetsetsa kuti mwalandira mankhwala omwe mukufuna pa nthawi yake ndipo timaona ngati pali zotsatirapo zake. Timaperekanso chithandizo chamankhwala chamaganizo pamalo oyenera kwa inu. |
| Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo/mowa | Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molakwika, matenda onsewa amachiritsidwa pamodzi. Izi zimatchedwa chithandizo cha matenda awiri. |
| Thanzi la thupi | Ngati muli ndi matenda ena monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, tidzakuthandizani kupeza chithandizo ndikuonana ndi dokotala. |
| Thandizo kwa mabanja | Timathandiza banja lanu kumvetsetsa za vuto lanu (psychoeducation) ndikuwathandiza pa mavuto aliwonse omwe angakumane nawo. |
| Ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku | Amathandiza pa zinthu monga kusamalira ndalama, kupita kusitolo kukatenga zakudya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe a anthu onse. |
| Nyumba ndi ntchito | Timakupatsani chithandizo chomwe mukufunikira kuti mupeze malo okhala okhazikika, kupeza ntchito, ndikukhalabe pantchitoyo. |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti gulu la ACT lilandire odwala ochepa kwambiri nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti amatha kukupatsani chisamaliro chapadera kwambiri. Ngakhale mutakumana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi, mutha kulankhula ndi munthu wina kuchokera ku gululo maola 24 patsiku.
Kodi njira iyi ya ACT ndi yothandizadi?
Inde. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti ACT ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Makamaka, imathandiza kupeza zotsatira izi:
- Kuchepa kwa anthu ogonekedwa m'chipatala: Anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo cha ACT ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha anthu ogonekedwa m'chipatala mobwerezabwereza.
- Kuchepetsa nthawi yogona kuchipatala: Ngakhale mutayenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala mwanjira ina, masiku omwe mumakhala m'chipatala adzachepetsedwa.
- Moyo wabwino: Kukhala ndi moyo wabwino monga ena kumawonjezera kukhutira ndi chimwemwe ndi moyo.
- Kutsatira kwambiri chithandizo: Chifukwa chakuti gululo limayang'ana nthawi zonse, zinthu monga kumwa mankhwala pa nthawi yake komanso kupita kuzipatala sizikusowa.
- Kuchepa kwa mavuto azamalamulo: Kumangidwanso ndi kumangidwanso kwachepetsedwa, makamaka kudzera mu mapulogalamu a FACT.
Mwachidule, ACT sikutanthauza kungoletsa zizindikiro zokha, koma kupatsa wodwalayo zida zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale munthu wofunika komanso wodziyimira pawokha m'gulu.
Kodi chithandizo cha ACT chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi ndingapeze bwanji ku Sri Lanka?
Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe chithandizochi chikufunika kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu ndi munthu. Zimatengera zosowa zanu komanso zolinga zanu pa moyo wanu. Zitha kutenga miyezi ingapo, kapena kupitirira apo. Komanso, mungafunike thandizo lamtunduwu nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'moyo wanu. Zonse zomwe inu ndi gulu lanu la ACT mumasankha pamodzi.
Funso lofunika kwambiri tsopano ndi lakuti, kodi pali mapulogalamu ngati awa ku Sri Lanka, ndipo timawapeza bwanji?
Kunena zoona, mapulogalamu otchedwa "Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)" si ofala kwambiri ku Sri Lanka monga momwe alili m'maiko akumadzulo. Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti mautumiki oterewa ku Sri Lanka kulibe konse.
Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akufunika thandizo lamphamvu lamtunduwu, chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikulankhula momasuka za izi ndi dokotala wanu, makamaka katswiri wa zamaganizo .
Mungathe kufunsa kuti:
"Dokotala, ine/wokondedwa wanga timagonekedwa m'chipatala pafupipafupi. N'zovuta kukhala moyo wabwinobwino kunyumba. Kodi pali chithandizo chamankhwala kapena pulogalamu yomwe ingabwere kunyumba kwanga, kuthandiza pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndikufufuza chithandizo?"
Nthawi zina pangakhale Community Mental Health Services yomwe imagwira ntchito kudzera m'mayunitsi azaumoyo wamaganizo m'zipatala za boma. Pakhoza kukhala anamwino ndi ogwira ntchito zachitukuko omwe amabwera kunyumba kwanu kudzera mwa iwo. Komanso, mabungwe ena achinsinsi angapereke chithandizo chotere. Chofunika kwambiri ndikufunsa dokotala wanu za izi popanda mantha kapena manyazi.
Kukhala ndi matenda aakulu amisala sikophweka. Zingakhale ngati kupalasa wekha mu mphepo yamkuntho. Koma kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha. Mankhwala monga ACT akusonyeza kuti mankhwala tsopano akusintha kuchoka pa kuchiza zizindikiro zokha kupita ku kuchiza munthu yense ndikumuthandiza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chithandizo cha Assertive Community (ACT) ndi njira yochiritsira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala oopsa, osati kuchipatala, koma m'dera lomwe amakhala, mothandizidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri.
- Cholinga apa sikuti kungopereka mankhwala okha, komanso kuthandiza pazinthu zina za moyo, monga ntchito, nyumba, ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama, komanso kuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
- Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti njira imeneyi imachepetsa kugonekedwa m'chipatala ndipo imakweza moyo wabwino.
- Ngakhale mapulogalamu okhala ndi dzinali si ofala ku Sri Lanka, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu wamisala kapena dokotala kuti mudziwe zambiri za mautumiki ofanana ndi amenewa omwe amachitikira m'dera lanu. Musazengereze kupempha thandizo.
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