Kodi lipoti la bere lanu likuti (BI-RADS)? Kodi mukudziwa kuti zimenezo ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane za tsatanetsatane!

Mukachita ultrasound, mammogram, kapena MRI ya bere lanu, mwina mwawonapo chinthu chotchedwa BI-RADS pa lipotilo. Kapena dokotala wanu mwina anakuuzani za izi. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu ambiri, izi sizodziwika bwino, kotero angasokonezeke pang'ono ndikufunsa kuti, "Kodi BI-RADS iyi ndi chiyani?" Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule komanso momveka bwino.

Kodi `BI-RADS` ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani imagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Mwachidule, `BI-RADS` ndi chidule cha mawu achingerezi akuti "Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System" . Mu Chisinhala, amatanthauza chinthu chonga "Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System". Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa, osati ku Sri Lanka kokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri a radiology (ndiko kuti, madokotala omwe amachita ma scan monga `(Ultrasound)`, `(Mammogram)` ndikuwunika zotsatira zawo) amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kulemba zambiri mu malipoti anu ofufuza mabere.

Tangoganizirani, mwachita mammogram pamalo ena, ndipo winanso anachitanso pamalo ena. Kodi zingakhale zosokoneza bwanji ngati aliyense sanalankhule za zotsatira zake mwanjira yomweyo, m'chinenero chomwecho? Dongosolo la BI-RADS ili layambitsidwa ngati yankho la vutoli.

Panali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zoyambitsa dongosololi:

1. Kukhazikitsa malipoti ofanana: Khazikitsani njira yokhazikika yomwe akatswiri a radiology anganenere zomwe apeza kuchokera ku mayeso a m'mawere. Izi ziwonetsetsa kuti aliyense, mosasamala kanthu komwe ali padziko lapansi, akumvetsa zomwe zalembedwazo mwanjira yomweyo. Izi zichepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kusamvetsetsana.

2. Pangani chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere kukhala chosavuta kumvetsetsa: Kuwonetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere m'njira yosavuta kwa inu ndi madokotala ena omwe akukuthandizani kumvetsetsa.

Simungaone chizindikiro cha `(BI-RADS)` mwachindunji mu mbiri yanu ya zamankhwala zamagetsi (`(Electronic Medical Record)`). Komabe, chilipodi mu mbiri ya dokotala wanu. Mutha kufunsa dokotala wanu kuti chizindikiro chanu cha `(BI-RADS)` ndi chiyani komanso tanthauzo lake. Uwu ndi ufulu wanu.

Kodi magulu a `BI-RADS` ndi ati? Kodi zigoli zanu zikuti chiyani?

Magulu a BI-RADS nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa kuyambira pa zero (0) mpaka asanu ndi limodzi (6). Iyi ndi njira yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za mayeso a m'mawere omwe mwachita (Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI). Komabe, kutengera ndi chigoli cha BI-RADS chomwe mwalandira, chisamaliro chanu chotsatira chingasiyane. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi Mammogram ndipo mwalandira chigoli cha BI-RADS, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni Mammogram ina, Ultrasound, MRI, kapena Biopsy (chitsanzo chaching'ono cha minofu chimachotsedwa kuti chiyesedwe).

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe gulu lililonse mwa magulu awa likunena:

• `BI-RADS 0`: Yosakwanira
• Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayesowo sangafike pamapeto pake ndipo pakufunika zambiri. Kungakhale kofunikira kuyerekeza malipoti am'mbuyomu a `(Mammogram)`, kapena mungafunsidwe kuti muchite mawonedwe enieni a `(Mammogram)` kapena mayeso a `(Ultrasound)`. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti pali cholakwika, zimangotanthauza kuti palibe zambiri zokwanira.

• `BI-RADS 1`: Zoyipa
• Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri! Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe zotupa kapena kusintha komwe kunapezeka m'mabere anu. Zonse zili bwino. Ndibwino kuti muyezedwe mabere nthawi zonse (`(Kuwunika pafupipafupi)`) panthawi yomwe yakonzedwa.

• `BI-RADS 2`: Kupeza Koyenera
• Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ngati pali chinthu chomwe chapezeka m'mawere (mwachitsanzo, chotupa chodzaza ndi madzi, chotupa chosakhala khansa monga fibroadenoma), si khansa ndipo si choipa . Palibe chodetsa nkhawa ngakhale pali zinthu zotere. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsanso kuyang'ana mabere nthawi yokhazikika.

• `BI-RADS 3`: Mwina Zabwino, Kutsatira Kwakanthawi Kochepa Kumaperekedwa
• Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zapezekazi sizingakhale khansa 98%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwina sizingakhale zoopsa . Komabe, kuti titsimikize 100%, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitenso mayeso ena (Mammogram kapena Ultrasound) pakatha miyezi pafupifupi 6. Izi ndikuwona ngati zomwe zapezekazo zikusintha kapena kukula pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, zinthuzi zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi kapena zimatha. Choncho musadandaule.

• `BI-RADS 4`: Kusakhazikika Kokayikitsa, Biopsy Iyenera Kuganiziridwa
• Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimapangitsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi mantha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi woti zomwe zapezeka panthawi yoyezetsa ndi khansa, kotero ndizokayikitsa . Koma `BI-RADS 4` sizikutanthauza kuti pali khansa. Chiwopsezo cha khansa chingachokere pa 2% mpaka 95%. Chifukwa chake, dokotala angakulimbikitseni `(Biopsy)`, zomwe zikutanthauza kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu ndikuchiyang'ana, kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe zapezekazi.
• Gulu la `BI-RADS 4` lagawidwanso m'magulu atatu (4A, 4B, 4C), zomwe zikusonyeza chiopsezo chochepa, chapakati, komanso chowonjezeka pang'ono cha khansa. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zambiri za izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musaope zotsatira za kukhala ndi `(Biopsy)`, koma muchite zimenezo ndikupeza motsimikiza.

• `BI-RADS 5`: Kuwonetsa Kwambiri Khansa, Biopsy Yalimbikitsidwa Kwambiri
• Izi zikutanthauza zomwe zinapezeka.Kuthekera kwa khansa (`(Malignancy)`) n'kokwera kwambiri (kupitirira 95%). Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsa kuchita `(Biopsy)` kuti titsimikizire izi. N'zomvetsa chisoni kulandira zotsatirazi, koma ndikofunikira kupeza matenda olondola ndikuyamba chithandizo mwachangu.

• `BI-RADS 6`: Matenda Odziwika Omwe Amadziwika Kuti Ndi Oopsa Kwambiri
• Gulu ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso omwe mwachita kale biopsy kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndipo mukulandira chithandizo cha khansayo . Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso omwe amachitika opaleshoni isanachitike kuti muwone kukula kwa khansayo komanso momwe ingayankhire chithandizocho.

Dongosolo la BI-RADS linayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1993 ndi American College of Radiology (ACR) kuti ligwirizane ndi malipoti a mammography. Pambuyo pake linasinthidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pa MRI ndi ultrasound. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri a radiology padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwewo akamalankhula za mayeso a mabere.

Kodi ubwino wa dongosolo la `BI-RADS` ndi wotani?

Pali ubwino waukulu wa njira iyi:

• Kukhazikika: Monga tanenera kale, akatswiri a radiology onse amanena zomwe apeza mwanjira yomweyo, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwewo. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumawongolera ubwino wa malipoti ndikuchepetsa kusamvana. Ngakhale mutapita kuchokera kwa dokotala wina kupita kwa wina, lipotilo ndi losavuta kumva.
• Kuwunika zoopsa: Njira ya `(BI-RADS)` imapereka chiyerekezo choyerekeza cha chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zimakuthandizani kukonzekera nthawi yomwe mayeso otsatira ayenera kuchitidwa (`(Urgency)`).
• Kuchita Bwino: Pogawa zotsatira za mayeso m'magulu motere, akatswiri a radiology safunika kufotokoza zomwe apeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana nthawi iliyonse. Izi zimasunga nthawi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri.

Tangoganizirani, ngati lipoti lanu likunena kuti "BI-RADS 2", inu, dokotala wa banja lanu, ndi katswiri wanu wa khansa ( ngati kuli kofunikira ) nonse mwadzidzidzi mukumvetsa tanthauzo lake. Ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungachite.

Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse pa dongosolo la `BI-RADS`?

Ngakhale njira iyi ndi yothandiza, ili ndi zofooka ndi zovuta zina:

• Kuganizira zinthu mozama: Pali mwayi woti katswiri wa radiology azitha kusankha gulu malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka pa scan. Ngati anthu awiri ayang'ana scan imodzi, pangakhale kusiyana kochepa .
• Zotsatira zabodza: ​​Ngakhale kuti sizichitika kawirikawiri, zotsatira zabodza zimatha kuchitika.- Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zingawoneke ngati palibe khansa - kapena ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa - ndiko kuti, ikhoza kuphonya khansa ngakhale itakhalapo. Ngati izi zitachitika, zingayambitse nkhawa zosafunikira kapena kuchedwetsa kupezeka kwa khansa. Koma, kumbukirani, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri.
• Zosalunjika: Ngakhale njira iyi yowerengera zotsatira za mayeso ikufotokoza zomwe zapezeka zokayikitsa, tsatanetsatane wowonjezera wokhudza zomwe zapezeka zokayikitsa (monga kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, malo ake) sunaperekedwe ndi chizindikiro cha ``(BI-RADS)`` chokha. Tsatanetsatane uwu walembedwa padera mu lipotilo.

Kodi `BI-RADS` ingathe kudziwa molondola ngati pali khansa? Kodi `BI-RADS 4` imatanthauza khansa?

Izi ndi vuto kwa anthu ambiri. Dongosolo la ``BI-RADS'' silimagawa khansa (``Kugawa'') kapena kudziwa siteji ya khansa (``Kugawa''). Chokhacho chosiyana ndi gulu la ``BI-RADS 6''. Chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka kwa khansa kwatsimikiziridwa kale ndi ``Biopsy''.

Magulu ena a ``BI-RADS'' (makamaka 3, 4, ndi 5) amangosonyeza mwayi wokhala ndi khansa . Mwachitsanzo, ``BI-RADS 3'' amatanthauza kuti zomwe zapezeka sizokayikitsa, koma kuti muyenera kufufuzidwanso pakatha miyezi 6-12.

Tsopano funso lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti: Kodi `BI-RADS 4` imatanthauza khansa?

Ayi. `BI-RADS 4` sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa. Zimatanthauza kuti pali chinthu chachilendo kapena chokayikitsa mu zotsatira za mayeso anu, kotero `(Biopsy)` ikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe bwino lomwe. Monga tanenera kale, chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere mu gulu la `BI-RADS 4` chingasiyane kuyambira 2% mpaka 95%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti `(Biopsy)` ikachitika, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti si khansa mwa anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chake, musataye mtima kapena kuchita mantha mukaona `BI-RADS 4`.

Ndizachilendo kumva kusokonezeka komanso kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri mukawona zotsatira zosazolowereka za mayeso. Makamaka pamene zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mu lipoti la mayeso. Apa ndi pomwe dongosolo la ``(BI-RADS)`` limalowa. Labweretsa muyezo wa mawu ndi ziganizo zomwe zimawonekera pa lipoti lanu la mayeso a bere. Izi zimakupatsani kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe dokotala wa radiology amaganiza za zotsatira zanu za mayeso.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera pa izi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• `(BI-RADS)` ndi njira yoperekera zotsatira za malipoti owunika mabere (`(Mammogram)`, `(Ultrasound)`, `(MRI)`) mwanjira yokhazikika.
• Zimenezo zikupatsani lingaliro lomveka bwino la chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa.
• `(BI-RADS)` ili ndi zigoli kuyambira 0 mpaka 6. Si zigoli zonse zomwe zimatanthauza kuti pali khansa.
• `BI-RADS 1` ndi `2` ndi zotsatira zabwino, palibe chodetsa nkhawa nazo.
• `BI-RADS 0` zikutanthauza kuti pakufunika zambiri.
• ``BI-RADS 3`` zikutanthauza kuti mwina ndi yabwino, koma muyenera kuyang'ananso pakapita nthawi.
• `BI-RADS 4` kapena `5` zikutanthauza kuti ndi yokayikitsa, kotero `(Biopsy)` iyenera kuchitidwa. `BI-RADS 4` sizitanthauza kuti ndi khansa.
• `BI-RADS 6` ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu amene akudziwa kale kuti ali ndi khansa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikulankhulana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za chizindikiro cha "BI-RADS" ndi tanthauzo lake pa vuto lanu, mosasamala kanthu za mayeso a m'mawere omwe mwachita. Angathe kuyankha mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo.

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha ndi zotsatira za mayeso aliwonse omwe mwalandira. Komabe, kudziwa zambiri zoyenera ndikutsatira upangiri wa dokotala wanu kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zabwino kwambiri zokhudza thanzi lanu.

Khansa ya m'mawere, BI-RADS, mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, breast scan, chiopsezo cha khansa